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使用Sidecar分析和调试OpenShift和Kubernetes Pod中的网络流量。
本文解释了为什么您不能直接从Pod中读取流量数据,并提供了一种使用Sidecar进行操作的替代方法。
简而言之,容器很可能运行在内部容器平台网络上,该网络无法直接被您的计算机访问。
Sidecar容器是与实际服务/应用程序在同一个Pod中运行的容器,能够为服务/应用程序提供附加功能。
在Kubernetes中有效地使用TCPdump有点棘手,需要您为Pod创建一个Sidecar。您所面临的实际上是预期的行为。
“运行诸如TCPdump或ngrep之类的老工具不会产生太多有趣的信息,因为在默认情况下,您直接链接到桥接网络或覆盖层。”好消息是,您可以将TCPdump容器链接到主机网络,甚至更好的是链接到容器网络堆栈。来源:
如何在Docker中有效地使用TCPdump
问题在于您有两个入口点,一个是nodeIP:NodePort,另一个是ClusterIP:Port。两者都指向在Kubernetes iptables上设置的端点随机化规则集相同的位置。
由于它可能发生在任何节点上,因此很难配置tcpdump在仅一个点捕获所有有趣的流量。
我知道的最好的分析工具是Istio,但它主要用于HTTP流量。
考虑到这一点,最佳解决方案是为每个服务后面的Pod使用TCPdumper Sidecar。
让我们通过一个示例来了解如何实现这一点。
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
app: web
name: web-app
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: web
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: web
spec:
containers:
- name: web-app
image: nginx
imagePullPolicy: Always
ports:
- containerPort: 80
protocol: TCP
- name: tcpdumper
image: docker.io/dockersec/tcpdump
restartPolicy: Always
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: web-svc
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- nodePort: 30002
port: 80
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: web
type: NodePort
在清单中,我们可以注意到三件重要的事情。我们有一个nginx容器和一个tcpdumper容器作为辅助容器,并且我们定义了一个NodePort服务。
要访问我们的辅助容器,请运行以下命令:
$ kubectl attach -it web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6 -c tcpdumper
示例:
$ kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 13d
web-svc NodePort 10.108.142.180 <none> 80:30002/TCP 9d
$ curl localhost:30002
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
$ kubectl attach -it web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6 -c tcpdumper
Unable to use a TTY - container tcpdumper did not allocate one
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
> web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [P.], seq 1:78, ack 1, win 222, options [nop,nop,TS val 300957902 ecr 300958061], length 77: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1
12:03:16.884512 IP web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80 > 192.168.250.64.1336: Flags [.], ack 78, win 217, options [nop,nop,TS val 300958061 ecr 300957902], length 0
12:03:16.884651 IP web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80 > 192.168.250.64.1336: Flags [P.], seq 1:240, ack 78, win 217, options [nop,nop,TS val 300958061 ecr 300957902], length 239: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 200 OK
12:03:16.884705 IP web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80 > 192.168.250.64.1336: Flags [P.], seq 240:852, ack 78, win 217, options [nop,nop,TS val 300958061 ecr 300957902], length 612: HTTP
12:03:16.884743 IP 192.168.250.64.1336 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [.], ack 240, win 231, options [nop,nop,TS val 300957902 ecr 300958061], length 0
12:03:16.884785 IP 192.168.250.64.1336 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [.], ack 852, win 240, options [nop,nop,TS val 300957902 ecr 300958061], length 0
12:03:16.889312 IP 192.168.250.64.1336 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [F.], seq 78, ack 852, win 240, options [nop,nop,TS val 300957903 ecr 300958061], length 0
12:03:16.889351 IP web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80 > 192.168.250.64.1336: Flags [F.], seq 852, ack 79, win 217, options [nop,nop,TS val 300958062 ecr 300957903], length 0
12:03:16.889535 IP 192.168.250.64.1336 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [.], ack 853, win 240, options [nop,nop,TS val 300957903 ecr 300958062], length 0
12:08:10.336319 IP6 fe80::ecee:eeff:feee:eeee > ff02::2: ICMP6, router solicitation, length 16
12:15:47.717966 IP 192.168.250.64.2856 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [S], seq 3314747302, win 28400, options [mss 1420,sackOK,TS val 301145611 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
12:15:47.717993 IP web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80 > 192.168.250.64.2856: Flags [S.], seq 2539474977, ack 3314747303, win 27760, options [mss 1400,sackOK,TS val 301145769 ecr 301145611,nop,wscale 7], length 0
12:15:47.718162 IP 192.168.250.64.2856 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 222, options [nop,nop,TS val 301145611 ecr 301145769], length 0
12:15:47.718164 IP 192.168.250.64.2856 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [P.], seq 1:78, ack 1, win 222, options [nop,nop,TS val 301145611 ecr 301145769], length 77: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1
12:15:47.718191 IP web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80 > 192.168.250.64.2856: Flags [.], ack 78, win 217, options [nop,nop,TS val 301145769 ecr 301145611], length 0
12:15:47.718339 IP web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80 > 192.168.250.64.2856: Flags [P.], seq 1:240, ack 78, win 217, options [nop,nop,TS val 301145769 ecr 301145611], length 239: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 200 OK
12:15:47.718403 IP web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80 > 192.168.250.64.2856: Flags [P.], seq 240:852, ack 78, win 217, options [nop,nop,TS val 301145769 ecr 301145611], length 612: HTTP
12:15:47.718451 IP 192.168.250.64.2856 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [.], ack 240, win 231, options [nop,nop,TS val 301145611 ecr 301145769], length 0
12:15:47.718489 IP 192.168.250.64.2856 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [.], ack 852, win 240, options [nop,nop,TS val 301145611 ecr 301145769], length 0
12:15:47.723049 IP 192.168.250.64.2856 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [F.], seq 78, ack 852, win 240, options [nop,nop,TS val 301145612 ecr 301145769], length 0
12:15:47.723093 IP web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80 > 192.168.250.64.2856: Flags [F.], seq 852, ack 79, win 217, options [nop,nop,TS val 301145770 ecr 301145612], length 0
12:15:47.723243 IP 192.168.250.64.2856 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [.], ack 853, win 240, options [nop,nop,TS val 301145612 ecr 301145770], length 0
12:15:50.493995 IP 192.168.250.64.31340 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [S], seq 124258064, win 28400, options [mss 1420,sackOK,TS val 301146305 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
12:15:50.494022 IP web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80 > 192.168.250.64.31340: Flags [S.], seq 3544403648, ack 124258065, win 27760, options [mss 1400,sackOK,TS val 301146463 ecr 301146305,nop,wscale 7], length 0
12:15:50.494189 IP 192.168.250.64.31340 > web-app-db7f7c59-d4xm6.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 222, options
您还可以查看 ksniff 工具,这是一个kubectl插件,利用tcpdump和Wireshark在Kubernetes集群中的任何pod上启动远程捕获。
attach
(或logs -f
)到单个Kubernetes日志中的pod,其中包含除pcap数据以外的其他内容。 - Mark