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Android位图内存问题 - 错误：在8294416字节分配上内存不足

androidbitmapimageviewout-of-memoryheap-memory
11

我目前正在开发一个应用程序，它可以浏览一个故事。这个故事包含若干个“场景”，每个场景都包含多个JPEG和PNG文件，这些文件通过ImageView显示出来。我使用以下函数创建ImageView并将其添加到布局中：

private ImageView newImage(Show show)
{
    ImageView iv = new ImageView(this);
    String filePath = comin.generateFilePath(show);
    Log.i(TAG, "newImage, filePath = " + filePath + " id = " + show.id);
    WeakReference<Bitmap> bmp = new WeakReference<Bitmap>(scaleBitmap(filePath)); //added 4/1/13
    //Bitmap bmp = scaleBitmap(filePath);
    Log.i(TAG, "newImage, width = " + bmp.get().getWidth() + ", height = " + bmp.get().getHeight());
    iv.setImageBitmap(bmp.get());
    iv.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_XY);
    iv.setId(show.id);

    //set visibility
    if (show.visible)
        iv.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    else
        iv.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);

    //set dimensions
    int width = (app.getWidth() * show.dimX) / 100;
    int height = (app.getHeight() * show.dimY) / 100;
    RelativeLayout.LayoutParams rlp = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(width, height);
    iv.setLayoutParams(rlp);

    return iv;
}

场景结束后，我会清除所有的ImageViews，除了一个没有图像，只用于监听触摸事件。

private void clearScene(boolean clearTouch)
{
    RelativeLayout parent = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.relative_layout);
    logMemory("clearScene, START");

    int count = parent.getChildCount();
    for (int a = count - 1; a >= 0; a--)
    {
        int id = parent.getChildAt(a).getId();
        String message = "clearScene id = " + id + ", count = " + count + ", a = " + a;
        if (id == TOUCH_VIEW_ID && !clearTouch)
        {
            message = message + ", ignore touch screen view";
        }
        else
        {
            unbindView(parent.getChildAt(a));
            parent.getChildAt(a).clearAnimation();
            parent.removeView(parent.getChildAt(a));
            message = message + ", unbindView, clearAnimation, removeView";
        }
        Log.i(TAG, message);
        logMemory("clearScene, CLEARED VIEW");
    }

    handler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);  //stop any future scheduled tasks from triggering
    logMemory("clearScene, BEFORE TRASH COLLECTOR");
    System.gc();
    logMemory("clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR");
}

正如你所看到的，我调用unbindView()方法，试图清除任何可能的内存泄漏。

private void unbindView(View view)
{
    String message = "unbindView, id = " + view.getId();
    try {view.setOnClickListener(null);} catch (Throwable mayHappen) {};
    try {view.setOnCreateContextMenuListener(null);} catch (Throwable mayHappen) {};
    try {view.setOnFocusChangeListener(null);} catch (Throwable mayHappen) {};
    try {view.setOnKeyListener(null);} catch (Throwable mayHappen) {};
    try {view.setOnLongClickListener(null);} catch (Throwable mayHappen) {};
    try {view.setOnClickListener(null);} catch (Throwable mayHappen) {};

    if (view.getBackground() != null)
    {
        message = message + ", setBackgroundCallback(null)";
        view.getBackground().setCallback(null);
    }

    if (view instanceof ImageView)
    {
        if (((ImageView)view).getDrawable() != null)
        {
            if (((ImageView)view).getDrawable() instanceof BitmapDrawable)
            {
                message = message + ", recycle bitmap";
                ((BitmapDrawable)((ImageView)view).getDrawable()).getBitmap().recycle();
            }
            message = message + ", setDrawableCallback(null)";
            ((ImageView)view).getDrawable().setCallback(null);
        }
        message = message + ", setImageBitmap(null), setBackgroundDrawable(null)";
        ((ImageView) view).setImageBitmap(null);
        ((ImageView) view).setBackgroundDrawable(null);
    }
    Log.i(TAG, message);
}

一旦所有的ImageView都解除绑定，我就在clearScene函数中运行垃圾收集器。

***编辑（4/2/13）好的，在一些研究和试错之后，我改变了我的内存日志记录。以下是相关的方法：

在onResume()中，根据Android的版本（以确定Bitmaps使用本地还是Java内存），我设置一个布尔值为true，然后初始化旧内存值的默认值为0；

@Override
protected void onResume() 
{
    super.onResume();

    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11) debugJavaMemory = true;
    else debugNativeMemory = true;
    availableJavaMemoryOld = 0;
    availableNativeMemoryOld = 0;
    dialogDebug();
}

这是我的日志记录函数。它会根据当前Android版本使用本地内存还是Java内存来存储位图，从而进行日志记录。


private void logMemory(String callingFunction)
{
    if (debugJavaMemory)
    {
        long max = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 1024;
        long used = Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() / 1024;
        long available = max - used;
        long change = available - availableJavaMemoryOld;
        if (availableJavaMemoryOld != 0)
            Log.i(TAG_MEMORY, "jMEM M:" + max + ", U:" + used + ", A:" + available + ", C:" + change + ", " + callingFunction);
        availableJavaMemoryOld = available;
    }
    else if (debugNativeMemory)
    {
        long max = Debug.getNativeHeapSize() / 1024;
        long used = Debug.getNativeHeapAllocatedSize() / 1024;
        long available = max - used;
        long change = available - availableNativeMemoryOld;
        if (availableNativeMemoryOld != 0)
            Log.i(TAG_MEMORY, "nMEM M:" + max + ", U:" + used + ", A:" + available + ", C:" + change + ", " + callingFunction);
        availableNativeMemoryOld = available;
    }
}

如果您查看我从运行Android 10（2.3.3）的模拟器收集的日志，垃圾收集器似乎工作得非常完美！唯一我注意到的奇怪之处是，最大本机内存可以动态增加？

图例：M：（最大内存），U：（已用内存），A：（可用内存），C：（可用内存变化），调用日志函数的函数

04-03 02:34:20.758: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:18336, U:13287, A:5049, C:-2549, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:0, s:0, id:0
04-03 02:34:21.267: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:21568, U:21391, A:177, C:-4872, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:0, s:0, id:1
04-03 02:34:35.227: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:21568, U:13288, A:8280, C:8103, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-03 02:34:35.267: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:21568, U:5184, A:16384, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:34:35.327: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:21568, U:4977, A:16591, C:207, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:34:36.067: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:21568, U:13082, A:8486, C:-8105, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:0, id:0
04-03 02:34:47.177: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:21568, U:4979, A:16589, C:8103, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:34:47.277: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:21568, U:4978, A:16590, C:1, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:34:47.997: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:21568, U:13082, A:8486, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:1, id:0
04-03 02:34:49.307: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:26224, U:21186, A:5038, C:-3448, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:1, id:1
04-03 02:34:50.597: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:34328, U:29290, A:5038, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:1, id:2
04-03 02:34:51.839: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:37395, A:5037, C:-1, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:1, id:3
04-03 02:35:00.377: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:29293, A:13139, C:8102, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:3
04-03 02:35:00.387: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21189, A:21243, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:2
04-03 02:35:00.397: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13085, A:29347, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-03 02:35:00.407: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4982, A:37450, C:8103, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:35:00.449: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:4, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:35:01.217: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:-8105, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:2, id:0
04-03 02:35:23.458: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:35:23.508: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:1, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:35:24.777: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13082, A:29350, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:3, id:0
04-03 02:35:25.719: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21186, A:21246, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:3, id:1
04-03 02:35:26.457: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:29291, A:13141, C:-8105, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:3, id:2
04-03 02:35:55.008: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21187, A:21245, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:2
04-03 02:35:55.027: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-03 02:35:55.037: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:35:55.077: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:1, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:35:55.829: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:-8105, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:4, id:0
04-03 02:35:56.427: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21187, A:21245, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:4, id:1
04-03 02:36:00.257: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-03 02:36:00.278: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:36:00.318: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:1, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:36:01.687: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:-8105, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:5, id:0
04-03 02:36:06.437: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:36:06.487: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:1, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:36:07.777: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13082, A:29350, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:6, id:0
04-03 02:36:09.297: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:36:09.337: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:36:10.727: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13082, A:29350, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:7, id:0
04-03 02:36:20.947: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:36:20.987: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:36:22.367: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13082, A:29350, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:8, id:0
04-03 02:36:23.317: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21187, A:21245, C:-8105, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:8, id:1
04-03 02:36:23.887: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:29291, A:13141, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:8, id:2
04-03 02:36:26.507: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21187, A:21245, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:2
04-03 02:36:26.517: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-03 02:36:26.527: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:36:26.577: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:1, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:36:27.797: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:-8105, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:9, id:0
04-03 02:36:29.248: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:36:29.287: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:1, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:36:30.547: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13082, A:29350, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:10, id:0
04-03 02:36:32.177: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:36:32.228: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4978, A:37454, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:36:33.467: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13082, A:29350, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:11, id:0
04-03 02:36:33.977: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21187, A:21245, C:-8105, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:11, id:1
04-03 02:36:34.527: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:29291, A:13141, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:11, id:2
04-03 02:36:35.058: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:37395, A:5037, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:11, id:3
04-03 02:36:41.260: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:29291, A:13141, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:3
04-03 02:36:41.267: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21187, A:21245, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:2
04-03 02:36:41.278: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-03 02:36:41.287: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:36:41.337: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:36:42.618: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:0, id:0
04-03 02:37:00.550: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:37:00.587: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:37:01.817: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:1, id:0
04-03 02:37:03.347: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:37:03.397: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:37:04.607: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:2, id:0
04-03 02:37:05.258: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21187, A:21245, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:2, id:1
04-03 02:37:07.677: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-03 02:37:07.687: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:37:07.737: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:37:09.017: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:3, id:0
04-03 02:37:10.327: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21187, A:21245, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:3, id:1
04-03 02:37:13.330: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-03 02:37:13.337: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:37:13.387: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:37:14.697: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:4, id:0
04-03 02:37:16.037: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21187, A:21245, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:4, id:1
04-03 02:37:17.367: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:29292, A:13140, C:-8105, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:4, id:2
04-03 02:37:19.087: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:37396, A:5036, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:4, id:3
04-03 02:37:44.347: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:29293, A:13139, C:8103, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:3
04-03 02:37:44.357: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21189, A:21243, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:2
04-03 02:37:44.367: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13085, A:29347, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-03 02:37:44.377: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4981, A:37451, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:37:44.437: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:2, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:37:45.667: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:5, id:0
04-03 02:37:46.917: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21188, A:21244, C:-8105, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:5, id:1
04-03 02:37:48.167: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:29292, A:13140, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:5, id:2
04-03 02:37:49.807: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:37396, A:5036, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:5, id:3
04-03 02:38:08.239: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:29293, A:13139, C:8103, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:3
04-03 02:38:08.258: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:21189, A:21243, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:2
04-03 02:38:08.267: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13086, A:29346, C:8103, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-03 02:38:08.277: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4982, A:37450, C:8104, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-03 02:38:08.317: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:4979, A:37453, C:3, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-03 02:38:09.527: I/MEMORY(1045): nMEM M:42432, U:13083, A:29349, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:6, id:0

如上所述，ImageView解绑后内存会被清理！

这是我从运行Android 17（4.2）的破旧Nexus 7收集的日志。很难理解内存在这里是如何被使用的。它从未始终一致！有时在加载ImageView时不分配内存。有时只有在加载新的ImageView时才清除内存。

图例：M：（最大内存），U：（已用内存），A：（可用内存），C：（可用内存变化），调用日志函数的函数

04-02 22:37:05.866: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:21300, A:44236, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:0, s:0, id:0
04-02 22:37:06.136: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29444, A:36092, C:-8144, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:0, s:0, id:1
04-02 22:37:19.806: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29432, A:36104, C:12, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-02 22:37:19.806: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29432, A:36104, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:37:19.836: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29432, A:36104, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:37:20.116: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37536, A:28000, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:0, id:0
04-02 22:37:28.456: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37532, A:28004, C:4, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:37:28.486: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37532, A:28004, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:37:28.756: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37532, A:28004, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:1, id:0
04-02 22:37:29.226: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37532, A:28004, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:1, id:1
04-02 22:37:29.706: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45636, A:19900, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:1, id:2
04-02 22:37:30.156: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53740, A:11796, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:1, id:3
04-02 22:37:38.676: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53732, A:11804, C:8, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:3
04-02 22:37:38.676: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53732, A:11804, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:2
04-02 22:37:38.676: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53732, A:11804, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-02 22:37:38.676: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53732, A:11804, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:37:38.696: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53732, A:11804, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:37:38.966: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53732, A:11804, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:2, id:0
04-02 22:37:48.156: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53732, A:11804, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:37:48.216: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37532, A:28004, C:16200, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:37:48.676: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37532, A:28004, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:3, id:0
04-02 22:37:49.256: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37532, A:28004, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:3, id:1
04-02 22:37:49.716: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45636, A:19900, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:3, id:2
04-02 22:38:07.426: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45632, A:19904, C:4, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:2
04-02 22:38:07.426: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45632, A:19904, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-02 22:38:07.426: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45632, A:19904, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:07.496: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45632, A:19904, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:07.766: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45632, A:19904, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:4, id:0
04-02 22:38:08.096: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53736, A:11800, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:4, id:1
04-02 22:38:10.896: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53736, A:11800, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-02 22:38:10.896: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53736, A:11800, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:10.916: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53736, A:11800, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:11.436: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53736, A:11800, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:5, id:0
04-02 22:38:19.356: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53732, A:11804, C:4, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:19.386: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45632, A:19904, C:8100, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:19.866: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45632, A:19904, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:6, id:0
04-02 22:38:21.326: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45632, A:19904, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:21.356: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:21300, A:44236, C:24332, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:21.906: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29404, A:36132, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:7, id:0
04-02 22:38:24.376: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29404, A:36132, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:24.406: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29404, A:36132, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:24.916: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29404, A:36132, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:8, id:0
04-02 22:38:25.496: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37548, A:27988, C:-8144, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:8, id:1
04-02 22:38:25.796: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45652, A:19884, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:8, id:2
04-02 22:38:28.356: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45652, A:19884, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:2
04-02 22:38:28.356: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45652, A:19884, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-02 22:38:28.356: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45652, A:19884, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:28.376: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45652, A:19884, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:28.846: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45652, A:19884, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:9, id:0
04-02 22:38:29.926: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45652, A:19884, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:29.956: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29400, A:36136, C:16252, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:30.416: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29400, A:36136, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:10, id:0
04-02 22:38:31.446: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29400, A:36136, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:31.476: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:21300, A:44236, C:8100, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:31.966: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29404, A:36132, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:11, id:0
04-02 22:38:32.226: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37548, A:27988, C:-8144, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:11, id:1
04-02 22:38:32.526: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45652, A:19884, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:11, id:2
04-02 22:38:32.816: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53756, A:11780, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:1, s:11, id:3
04-02 22:38:34.396: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53756, A:11780, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:3
04-02 22:38:34.396: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53756, A:11780, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:2
04-02 22:38:34.396: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53756, A:11780, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-02 22:38:34.396: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53756, A:11780, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:34.426: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53756, A:11780, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:34.886: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53756, A:11780, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:0, id:0
04-02 22:38:35.776: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53756, A:11780, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:35.816: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:21300, A:44236, C:32456, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:36.256: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29404, A:36132, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:1, id:0
04-02 22:38:36.976: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29404, A:36132, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:37.006: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29404, A:36132, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:37.436: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:29404, A:36132, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:2, id:0
04-02 22:38:37.816: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37548, A:27988, C:-8144, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:2, id:1
04-02 22:38:44.986: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37532, A:28004, C:16, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-02 22:38:44.986: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37532, A:28004, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:45.016: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37532, A:28004, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:45.496: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:37532, A:28004, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:3, id:0
04-02 22:38:45.996: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45636, A:19900, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:3, id:1
04-02 22:38:48.306: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45636, A:19900, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-02 22:38:48.306: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45636, A:19900, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:48.336: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45636, A:19900, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:48.846: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45636, A:19900, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:4, id:0
04-02 22:38:49.326: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:45636, A:19900, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:4, id:1
04-02 22:38:49.856: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:53740, A:11796, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:4, id:2
04-02 22:38:50.386: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:61844, A:3692, C:-8104, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:4, id:3
04-02 22:38:59.486: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:61832, A:3704, C:12, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:3
04-02 22:38:59.486: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:61832, A:3704, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:2
04-02 22:38:59.486: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:61832, A:3704, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:1
04-02 22:38:59.486: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:61832, A:3704, C:0, clearScene, CLEARED VIEW id:0
04-02 22:38:59.516: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:61832, A:3704, C:0, clearScene, AFTER TRASH COLLECTOR
04-02 22:38:59.936: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:61832, A:3704, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:5, id:0
04-02 22:39:00.356: I/MEMORY(15827): jMEM M:65536, U:61832, A:3704, C:0, loadScene, ADDED IMAGE b:2, s:5, id:1

我已经参加了“有效显示位图”
http://developer.android.com/training/displaying-bitmaps/index.html

我还阅读了以下stackoverflow问答：
回收ImageView的位图
ImageView：如果ImageView不可见（在ScrollView中），则自动回收位图
创建位图时发生内存不足异常
位图decodeStream OutOfMemory Exception
检测Android应用程序堆大小
当((freeMemory > bitmapSize) && (nativeFreeHeap < bitmap size))时，创建位图OOM
495KB的Android图像占用了10MB的堆空间
Android ImageView setImageBitmap
Android内存泄漏解决方案
Android自定义视图位图内存泄漏

还有更多相关文章！

需要澄清的是，这只发生在我的Nexus 7上。我在模拟器或Galaxy Nexus上没有遇到这个问题。我认为这可能是因为我正在缩放图像。

请帮助我检测内存泄漏的位置！

***编辑（4/2/13）请帮助我确定为什么来自运行Android 10（2.3.3）的模拟器的日志显示系统分配内存和垃圾清除与它应该一样，并且来自运行Android 17（4.2）的Nexus 7的日志显示系统分配内存和垃圾收集器随机清除内存？

加一分针对研究。但是，这个异常只在模拟器上出现还是在设备上也会出现？ - Nezam
抱歉，我会更新问题，我只在我的Nexus 7上遇到了这个问题。我的Galaxy Nexus和模拟器似乎没有这个问题。我认为这是因为我正在缩放图像。 - sngreco
1
弱引用可能对位图无效，因为在垃圾回收中位图看起来很小。(通常情况下，永远不应该使用WeakReference来执行doAnything(bmp.get())操作，因为弱引用可能会被释放。) - 18446744073709551615
尝试找出打印堆中对象的方法，至少能够打印它们的类和大小。 - 18446744073709551615
有成功了吗？很想听听这个问题是如何解决的。 - 18446744073709551615
大家请检查一下修改。我添加了新的日志，但是我不明白为什么它在Gingerbread上完美运行而在Jelly Bean上却不行...有什么想法吗？ - sngreco
3个回答
4
我无法确定为什么在不同的平台上内存分配和回收不同，但我可以通过将图像缩小以适应可用内存来减轻问题，并防止我的应用在任何平台上崩溃。
这个第一个函数确定位图内存存储在哪里（本地或Java），然后计算剩余可用内存（以KB为单位）。
private long calcAvailableMemory()
{
    long value = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();
    String type = "";
    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11)
    {
        value = value / 1024) - (Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() / 1024);
        type = "JAVA";
    }
    else
    {
        value = value / 1024) - (Debug.getNativeHeapAllocatedSize() / 1024);
        type = "NATIVE";
    }
    Log.i(TAG, "calcAvailableMemory, size = " + value + ", type = " + type);
    return value;
}

第二个函数创建了一个ImageView，用于附加到布局(Layout)上。Show对象包含了我需要初始化ImageView的各种变量，如尺寸和文件路径等。长整型变量maxImageMemory是从第一个函数中获取的，然后通过我要附加到布局的视图(View)数量进行除法运算，得到了每个位图(Bitmap)可以分配的最大内存量。

private ImageView newImage(Show show, long maxImageMemory)
{
    ImageView iv = new ImageView(this);
    String filePath = comin.generateFilePath(show);
    Bitmap bmp = scaleBitmap(filePath, maxImageMemory);
    Log.i(TAG, "newImage, id:" + show.id + ", file:" + filePath + ", x:" + bmp.getWidth() + ", y:" + bmp.getHeight());
    iv.setImageBitmap(bmp);
    iv.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_XY);
    iv.setId(show.id);

    //set visibility
    if (show.visible)
        iv.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    else
        iv.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);

    //set dimensions
    int width = (app.getWidth() * show.dimX) / 100;
    int height = (app.getHeight() * show.dimY) / 100;
    RelativeLayout.LayoutParams rlp = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(width, height);
    iv.setLayoutParams(rlp);

    return iv;
}

这个第三个函数是用来缩放 Bitmap 的，它将被加载到在第二个函数中创建的 ImageView 中。while 循环是其中最重要的部分，我会在这里增加采样大小，直到 Bitmap 所需的内存小于可用的最大内存。

private Bitmap scaleBitmap(String path, long maxImageMemory)
{
    BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
    BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path, options);

    int sample = 1;
    //Scale image to screen resolution
    if (options.outHeight > app.getHeight() || options.outWidth > app.getWidth())
    {
        int heightRatio = Math.round((float) options.outHeight / (float) app.getHeight());
        int widthRatio = Math.round((float) options.outWidth / (float) app.getWidth());
        sample = heightRatio < widthRatio ? heightRatio : widthRatio;
    }

    //Scale image to stay within memory limitations
    while (calcBitmapSize(options.outWidth, options.outHeight, sample) > maxImageMemory)
    {
        sample++;
    }

    options.inSampleSize = sample;
    options.inPurgeable = true;
    options.inInputShareable = true;
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;

    Log.i(TAG, "scaleBitmap, scaleSample = " + sample);
    return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path, options);
}

这个第四个函数根据原始分辨率和建议的样本大小计算位图所需的内存量。
private long calcBitmapSize(int width, int height, int sample)
{
    long value = ((width/sample) * (height/sample) * 4) / 1024;
    Log.i(TAG, "calcBitmapSize, size = " + value);
    return value;
}

最后，我开发了这个函数来帮助解决所有这些内存问题。它根据你正在运行的Android版本记录内存利用率。
private void logMemory(String callingFunction)
{
    long max = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 1024;

    if (debugJavaMemory)
    {
        long used = Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() / 1024;
        long available = max - used;
        long change = available - availableJavaMemoryOld;
        if (availableJavaMemoryOld != 0)
            Log.i(TAG_MEMORY, "jMEM M:" + max + ", U:" + used + ", A:" + available + ", C:" + change + ", " + callingFunction);
        availableJavaMemoryOld = available;
    }
    else if (debugNativeMemory)
    {
        long used = Debug.getNativeHeapAllocatedSize() / 1024;
        long available = max - used;
        long change = available - availableNativeMemoryOld;
        if (availableNativeMemoryOld != 0)
            Log.i(TAG_MEMORY, "nMEM M:" + max + ", U:" + used + ", A:" + available + ", C:" + change + ", " + callingFunction);
        availableNativeMemoryOld = available;
    }
}
1

几个月前我也遇到了这个问题，尝试以下方法，可能会有帮助：

BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inSampleSize = 8;
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis, null, options);
谢谢您的评论，但我目前有一个动态下采样函数，这是我在http://developer.android.com/training/displaying-bitmaps/index.html上通过Android培训制作的。该函数最终返回一个sampleSize值为1，因为分辨率与图像匹配。每个图像似乎使用约8MB的内存（如日志中所示）。如果一个场景只有4张图片，那么总共将使用32MB左右的内存，或者大约是可用内存的一半。 - sngreco
0
谢谢您的评论，但我已经完成了那个培训。该应用程序旨在从SD卡加载图像。请解释一下您存储图像的文件夹如何帮助减少内存利用或在需要时释放内存的原因。 - sngreco
希望这个答案能解决你的问题。我曾经遇到过这个问题，并以这种方式解决了它，现在它正常工作。http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15394329/java-lang-outofmemoryerror-appears-after-sherlockactionbar-was-added/15395218#15395218 - Abhishek Agarwal
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