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这个ObjectWeb错误信息的意思是什么："Unsupported class file major version 56"，我应该如何解决它？

javamaventesting
19

（编辑注：这是Objectweb，而不是JVM在抱怨。在匆忙关闭之前，请务必确认是否重复）

我正在重新启动一个项目，但当我尝试运行测试时，出现以下错误：

Execution default-test of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.0:test failed: Unsupported class file major version 56

这是什么意思？有什么办法可以修复它吗？

Maven项目包括：

    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin> 
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.22.0</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>

但注释掉那个插件没有任何影响。

完整的回溯信息如下：

> mvn test -e
[INFO] Error stacktraces are turned on.
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] --------------------< com.example:projectxserver >--------------------
[INFO] Building projectxserver 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[WARNING] The artifact org.hibernate:hibernate-validator:jar:6.0.17.Final has been relocated to org.hibernate.validator:hibernate-validator:jar:6.0.17.Final
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.1.0:resources (default-resources) @ projectxserver ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] Copying 15 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ projectxserver ---
[WARNING] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
[WARNING] * Required filename-based automodules detected: [javax.servlet-api-4.0.1.jar, javax.inject-1.jar]. Please don't publish this project to a public artifact repository! *
[WARNING] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.1.0:testResources (default-testResources) @ projectxserver ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ projectxserver ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.0:test (default-test) @ projectxserver ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: C:\Users\pupeno\Documents\projectx\code\projectxserver\target\surefire-reports
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  5.463 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-24T18:10:19+01:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.0:test (default-test) on project projectxserver: Execution default-test of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.0:test failed: Unsupported class file major version 56 -> [Help 1]
org.apache.maven.lifecycle.LifecycleExecutionException: Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.0:test (default-test) on project projectxserver: Execution default-test of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.0:test failed: Unsupported class file major version 56
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:215)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:156)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:148)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:117)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:81)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build (SingleThreadedBuilder.java:56)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute (LifecycleStarter.java:128)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:305)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:192)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute (DefaultMaven.java:105)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute (MavenCli.java:956)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain (MavenCli.java:288)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main (MavenCli.java:192)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0 (Native Method)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (Method.java:567)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced (Launcher.java:282)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch (Launcher.java:225)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode (Launcher.java:406)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main (Launcher.java:347)
Caused by: org.apache.maven.plugin.PluginExecutionException: Execution default-test of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.0:test failed: Unsupported class file major version 56
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo (DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:148)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:210)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:156)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:148)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:117)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:81)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build (SingleThreadedBuilder.java:56)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute (LifecycleStarter.java:128)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:305)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:192)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute (DefaultMaven.java:105)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute (MavenCli.java:956)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain (MavenCli.java:288)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main (MavenCli.java:192)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0 (Native Method)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (Method.java:567)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced (Launcher.java:282)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch (Launcher.java:225)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode (Launcher.java:406)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main (Launcher.java:347)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unsupported class file major version 56
    at org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader.<init> (ClassReader.java:166)
    at org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader.<init> (ClassReader.java:148)
    at org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader.<init> (ClassReader.java:136)
    at org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader.<init> (ClassReader.java:237)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.languages.java.jpms.AsmModuleInfoParser.parse (AsmModuleInfoParser.java:115)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.languages.java.jpms.AsmModuleInfoParser.getModuleDescriptor (AsmModuleInfoParser.java:60)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.languages.java.jpms.LocationManager.resolvePaths (LocationManager.java:91)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.newStartupConfigForModularClasspath (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:1810)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.createStartupConfiguration (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:1753)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.createForkStarter (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:2103)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.executeProvider (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:1191)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.executeAfterPreconditionsChecked (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:1022)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.execute (AbstractSurefireMojo.java:868)
    at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo (DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:137)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:210)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:156)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute (MojoExecutor.java:148)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:117)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject (LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:81)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build (SingleThreadedBuilder.java:56)
    at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute (LifecycleStarter.java:128)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:305)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute (DefaultMaven.java:192)
    at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute (DefaultMaven.java:105)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute (MavenCli.java:956)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain (MavenCli.java:288)
    at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main (MavenCli.java:192)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0 (Native Method)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke (DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke (Method.java:567)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced (Launcher.java:282)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch (Launcher.java:225)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode (Launcher.java:406)
    at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main (Launcher.java:347)
[ERROR]
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/PluginExecutionException

更新: 我将Maven配置的源和目标更改为Java 11和Java 10，如下所示：

        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>10</source>
                <target>10</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

在这两种情况下，错误信息都变成了：
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.0:test (default-test) on project projectxserver: Execution default-test of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.0:test failed: Unsupported class file major version 55 -> [Help 1]

所以，我猜那个版本也不被支持。

使用较旧版本的Java进行编译。 - Thorbjørn Ravn Andersen
@ThorbjørnRavnAndersen：对不起，您的意思是什么？我应该使用旧版本的Java进行编译吗？为什么这样做？ - pupeno
@pupeno 您正在使用Java 12，它创建的类文件对于Maven构建链中某些使用的工具来说太新了。安装Java 11（这是LTS版本）或尝试配置编译器插件以使用<source>11</source>和<target>11</target>。 - Robert
您使用Java-12编译了代码，但尝试在低于该版本的环境中执行它。请参阅如何解决java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError：Unsupported major.minor version以了解更多详细信息。另外，还请尝试将您的surefire插件升级到<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0-M3</version> </dependency>。 - Naman
@naman请注意，这是ObjectWeb在抱怨，而不是JVM。 - Thorbjørn Ravn Andersen
显示剩余2条评论
1个回答
19

您正在使用Java 12（并编译您的代码以使生成的类文件仅对Java 12及更高版本有效）。

您正在使用的Objectweb版本不支持读取Java 12的类文件（这是版本56对应的内容）。

简单的解决方法是重新配置构建方式，以便为需要使用的Objectweb版本编译Java 11或更早版本的代码。可能需要进行一些实验。

如果已修复该问题，则也可以升级到最新版本的Objectweb，但这可能会破坏您的其他部分，因此如果选择这种方式，请确保将所有内容都升级。

在阅读了你的回答之前，我甚至不知道Objectweb是什么。我正在努力弄清楚它是如何被使用的以及为什么要使用它。 - pupeno
如果我没记错的话，它是用于字节码操作/检查的。 - Thorbjørn Ravn Andersen
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