使用单个.gitignore文件忽略所有文件夹中的特定文件

Question

阅读了几个关于 .gitignore 的问题后，我发现没有人能够回答我的问题： 我需要将所有以某个特定结尾的文件（例如 *.txt）在所有文件夹中都忽略掉，那么我需要在 .gitignore 中添加什么呢？ 我宁愿只有一个位于顶层的 .gitignore 文件。 我尝试了一些方法，但都没有成功。 这是我测试的内容（.gitignore 已被添加到存储库中，没有添加其他文件）:

  $ ls
  abc.txt  content

  $ ls content/
  abc.txt  def.other  def.txt

  $ echo "" > .gitignore


  $ git status --ignored --untracked-files=all
  # On branch master
  # Changes not staged for commit:
  #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
  #
  #       modified:   .gitignore
  #
  # Untracked files:
  #   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
  #
  #       abc.txt
  #       content/abc.txt
  #       content/def.other
  #       content/def.txt
  no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

这符合预期：所有文件都显示出来，因为 .gitignore 文件为空。

  $ echo "*.txt" > .gitignore

  $ git status --ignored --untracked-files=all
  # On branch master
  # Changes not staged for commit:
  #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
  #
  #       modified:   .gitignore
  #
  # Untracked files:
  #   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
  #
  #       content/def.other
  # Ignored files:
  #   (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
  #
  #       abc.txt
  no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

为什么文件content/abc.txt和content/def.txt没有显示在列表中？

  $ git clean -n
  Would not remove content/

我认为他们也会在这里出现。

  $ echo "" > .gitignore

  $ git clean -n
  Would remove abc.txt
  Would not remove content/

  $ cd content

  $ git clean -n -x
  Would remove def.other

  $ git clean -n -x
  Would remove abc.txt
  Would remove def.other
  Would remove def.txt

如果文件 content/abc.txt 和 content/def.txt 能够通过 clean -n -x 显示，但不能通过 clean -n 显示，我认为它们是被忽略的。但是为什么它们不会在 git status --ignored --untracked-files=all 中显示呢？

- Onur

Answer 1

只需添加*.txt即可。有关gitignore格式的解释，请参阅 gitignore(5) man页面。

如果您尝试添加content目录，所有*.txt文件都将被忽略。

$ echo "*.txt" > .gitignore 

$ git add content

$ git status --ignored --untracked-files=all
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
#       new file:   content/def.other
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#       .gitignore
# Ignored files:
#   (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#       abc.txt
#       content/abc.txt
#       content/def.txt

- KurzedMetal

---

似乎git status --ignored --untracked-files=all未显示测试中的那些文件的原因与“目录未被跟踪”有关（实际上，您无法跟踪目录，只能跟踪文件，但当我跟踪目录中的一个文件时，它们就出现了）。 - KurzedMetal

可以了。不过有点奇怪的是，在包含受控文件的文件夹之后，git clean -fx 只会删除内容中的文件。否则我必须在文件夹本身中调用命令来删除这些文件！ - Onur