我昨天和今天早上都在尝试弄清楚发生了什么事情。我有一个简单的Rails 5应用程序，成功地通过开发Rails控制台使用sendgrid发送电子邮件，但是在heroku部署的生产Rails控制台中尝试相同的操作不会发送电子邮件，而是生成以下错误：
Errno::ECONNREFUSED: Connection refused - connect(2) for "localhost" port 25
from (irb):1
更多细节:
- ruby 2.3.3
- rails 5.1.3
- gem 'sendgrid-ruby', '~> 5.0'
config/environment.rb
# Load the Rails application.
require_relative 'application'
# Initialize the Rails application.
Rails.application.initialize!
Invoicer::Application.configure do
# Setup the mailer config
config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp
config.action_mailer.perform_deliveries = true
config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = {
:user_name => ENV['SENDGRID_USERNAME'],
:password => ENV['SENDGRID_PASSWORD'],
:domain => '[myapp].herokuapp.com',
:address => 'smtp.sendgrid.net',
:port => 587,
:authentication => :plain,
:enable_starttls_auto => true
}
end
config/environments/development.rb
唯一与电子邮件相关的未被注释的代码是：
# Don't care if the mailer can't send.
config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false
config.action_mailer.perform_caching = false
config/environments/production.rb
唯一未被注释的与电子邮件相关的行是：
config.action_mailer.perform_caching = false
在我的本地开发环境中，会生成一封电子邮件。
在开发环境下的Rails控制台：
>> ActionMailer::Base.delivery_method
=> :smtp
>> InvoiceMailer.invoice_email(Customer.first).delivery_method
Customer Load (0.6ms) SELECT "customers".* FROM "customers" ORDER BY "customers"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]]
Rendering invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer
Rendered invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer (0.0ms)
Rendering invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer
Rendered invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer (0.0ms)
InvoiceMailer#invoice_email: processed outbound mail in 17.6ms
=> #<Mail::SMTP:0x007f939b607b48 @settings= {:address=>"smtp.sendgrid.net", :port=>587, :domain=>"fm- invoicer.herokuapp.com", :user_name=>"app75430225@heroku.com", :password=>"ms9nps8r7677", :authentication=>:plain, :enable_starttls_auto=>true, :openssl_verify_mode=>nil, :ssl=>nil, :tls=>nil}>
在Heroku生产环境中，我没有收到任何电子邮件并且出现了错误。
在Heroku Rails控制台中
$ heroku run rails c
Loading production environment (Rails 5.1.3)
irb(main):001:0> InvoiceMailer.invoice_email(Customer.first).deliver
D, [2017-09-03T14:59:53.803069 #4] DEBUG -- :Customer Load (7.2ms) SELECT "customers".* FROM "customers" ORDER BY "customers"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]]
I, [2017-09-03T14:59:53.863967 #4] INFO -- :Rendering invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer
I, [2017-09-03T14:59:53.864680 #4] INFO -- :Rendered invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer (0.6ms)
I, [2017-09-03T14:59:53.865742 #4] INFO -- :Rendering invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer
I, [2017-09-03T14:59:53.866329 #4] INFO -- :Rendered invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer (0.4ms)
D, [2017-09-03T14:59:54.087932 #4] DEBUG -- : InvoiceMailer#invoice_email: processed outbound mail in 232.7ms
I, [2017-09-03T14:59:54.101584 #4] INFO -- : Sent mail to XXX@gmail.com (13.4ms)
D, [2017-09-03T14:59:54.102047 #4] DEBUG -- : Date: Sun, 03 Sep 2017 14:59:54 +0000
From: XXX@gmail.com
To: XXX@gmail.com
Message-ID: <59ac18ea16bd6_451d0d888799@f74404ed-7ea9-41ff-9b05-715d2a185bf4.mail>
Subject: XXXXX Website Monthly Invoice - August-2017
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="--==_mimepart_59ac18ea151a7_451d0d8886dd";
charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
----==_mimepart_59ac18ea151a7_451d0d8886dd
Content-Type: text/plain;
charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Dear XXX
Attached please find your monthly invoice.
Best,
XXX
CrazyJ Media ;-)
----==_mimepart_59ac18ea151a7_451d0d8886dd
Content-Type: text/html;
charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<style>
/* Email styles need to be inline */
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta content='text/html; charset=UTF-8' http-equiv='Content-Type' />
</head>
<body>
<p>Dear XXX,</p>
<p>Attached please find the latest monthly invoice.</p>
<p>Best,<br>XXX<br>Crazy J Media</p>
</body>
</html>
</body>
</html>
----==_mimepart_59ac18ea151a7_451d0d8886dd--
Errno::ECONNREFUSED: Connection refused - connect(2) for "localhost" port 25
from (irb):1
在Heroku Rails控制台中也可以执行：
irb(main):001:0> ActionMailer::Base.delivery_method
=> :smtp
irb(main):002:0> InvoiceMailer.invoice_email(Customer.first).delivery_method
D, [2017-09-13T22:42:58.951166 #4] DEBUG -- : Customer Load (2.8ms) SELECT "customers".* FROM "customers" ORDER BY "customers"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]]
I, [2017-09-13T22:42:59.037206 #4] INFO -- : Rendering invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer
I, [2017-09-13T22:42:59.038316 #4] INFO -- : Rendered invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer (0.9ms)
I, [2017-09-13T22:42:59.039720 #4] INFO -- : Rendering invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer
I, [2017-09-13T22:42:59.040359 #4] INFO -- : Rendered invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer (0.5ms)
D, [2017-09-13T22:42:59.413839 #4] DEBUG -- : InvoiceMailer#invoice_email: processed outbound mail in 405.7ms
=> #<Mail::SMTP:0x0000000575c678 @settings={:address=>"localhost", :port=>25, :domain=>"localhost.localdomain", :user_name=>nil, :password=>nil, :authentication=>nil, :enable_starttls_auto=>true, :openssl_verify_mode=>nil, :ssl=>nil, :tls=>nil}>
有人有什么想法吗？我已经研究了Heroku的sendgrid ruby文档以及几个SO问题和答案，比如这个，但都没有成功。我已经重新启动了我的heroku服务器，与此应用程序链接的sendgrid帐户正在工作并记录从开发中发送的电子邮件。
提前发送积极的善意给任何有洞察力的人！
config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => 'localhost:3000' }，在生产环境中添加了config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => 'myapp.herokuapp.com' }吗？虽然这只是一个猜测。 - KruupösActionMailer::Base.delivery_method和ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings来验证你的设置是否正确。如果它们没问题，那么检查邮件实例InvoiceMailer.invoice_email(Customer.first).delivery_method上的设置。然后你可以更新你的问题并附上结果。 - Michał Młoźniak