我该如何修改这个查询语句以返回所有的用户组(u.usergroups)?
from u in usergroups
from p in u.UsergroupPrices
select new UsergroupPricesList
{
UsergroupID = u.UsergroupID,
UsergroupName = u.UsergroupName,
Price = p.Price
};
我该如何修改这个查询语句以返回所有的用户组(u.usergroups)?
from u in usergroups
from p in u.UsergroupPrices
select new UsergroupPricesList
{
UsergroupID = u.UsergroupID,
UsergroupName = u.UsergroupName,
Price = p.Price
};
本文改编自MSDN的《如何使用EF 4进行左连接》
var query = from u in usergroups
join p in UsergroupPrices on u.UsergroupID equals p.UsergroupID into gj
from x in gj.DefaultIfEmpty()
select new {
UsergroupID = u.UsergroupID,
UsergroupName = u.UsergroupName,
Price = (x == null ? String.Empty : x.Price)
};
from x in gj.DefaultIfEmpty()
变成了 from p in gj.DefaultIfEmpty()
。https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/ef/core/querying/complex-query-operators#left-join - carlin.scott这可能有点过度,但我写了一个扩展方法,因此您可以使用Join
语法(至少在方法调用符号中)进行LeftJoin
:
persons.LeftJoin(
phoneNumbers,
person => person.Id,
phoneNumber => phoneNumber.PersonId,
(person, phoneNumber) => new
{
Person = person,
PhoneNumber = phoneNumber?.Number
}
);
我的代码除了在当前表达式树中添加一个GroupJoin
和一个SelectMany
调用之外,不会做任何其他事情。尽管如此,它看起来非常复杂,因为我必须自己构建表达式并修改由用户在resultSelector
参数中指定的表达式树,以便整个树可被LINQ-to-Entities翻译。
public static class LeftJoinExtension
{
public static IQueryable<TResult> LeftJoin<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>(
this IQueryable<TOuter> outer,
IQueryable<TInner> inner,
Expression<Func<TOuter, TKey>> outerKeySelector,
Expression<Func<TInner, TKey>> innerKeySelector,
Expression<Func<TOuter, TInner, TResult>> resultSelector)
{
MethodInfo groupJoin = typeof (Queryable).GetMethods()
.Single(m => m.ToString() == "System.Linq.IQueryable`1[TResult] GroupJoin[TOuter,TInner,TKey,TResult](System.Linq.IQueryable`1[TOuter], System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[TInner], System.Linq.Expressions.Expression`1[System.Func`2[TOuter,TKey]], System.Linq.Expressions.Expression`1[System.Func`2[TInner,TKey]], System.Linq.Expressions.Expression`1[System.Func`3[TOuter,System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[TInner],TResult]])")
.MakeGenericMethod(typeof (TOuter), typeof (TInner), typeof (TKey), typeof (LeftJoinIntermediate<TOuter, TInner>));
MethodInfo selectMany = typeof (Queryable).GetMethods()
.Single(m => m.ToString() == "System.Linq.IQueryable`1[TResult] SelectMany[TSource,TCollection,TResult](System.Linq.IQueryable`1[TSource], System.Linq.Expressions.Expression`1[System.Func`2[TSource,System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[TCollection]]], System.Linq.Expressions.Expression`1[System.Func`3[TSource,TCollection,TResult]])")
.MakeGenericMethod(typeof (LeftJoinIntermediate<TOuter, TInner>), typeof (TInner), typeof (TResult));
var groupJoinResultSelector = (Expression<Func<TOuter, IEnumerable<TInner>, LeftJoinIntermediate<TOuter, TInner>>>)
((oneOuter, manyInners) => new LeftJoinIntermediate<TOuter, TInner> {OneOuter = oneOuter, ManyInners = manyInners});
MethodCallExpression exprGroupJoin = Expression.Call(groupJoin, outer.Expression, inner.Expression, outerKeySelector, innerKeySelector, groupJoinResultSelector);
var selectManyCollectionSelector = (Expression<Func<LeftJoinIntermediate<TOuter, TInner>, IEnumerable<TInner>>>)
(t => t.ManyInners.DefaultIfEmpty());
ParameterExpression paramUser = resultSelector.Parameters.First();
ParameterExpression paramNew = Expression.Parameter(typeof (LeftJoinIntermediate<TOuter, TInner>), "t");
MemberExpression propExpr = Expression.Property(paramNew, "OneOuter");
LambdaExpression selectManyResultSelector = Expression.Lambda(new Replacer(paramUser, propExpr).Visit(resultSelector.Body), paramNew, resultSelector.Parameters.Skip(1).First());
MethodCallExpression exprSelectMany = Expression.Call(selectMany, exprGroupJoin, selectManyCollectionSelector, selectManyResultSelector);
return outer.Provider.CreateQuery<TResult>(exprSelectMany);
}
private class LeftJoinIntermediate<TOuter, TInner>
{
public TOuter OneOuter { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<TInner> ManyInners { get; set; }
}
private class Replacer : ExpressionVisitor
{
private readonly ParameterExpression _oldParam;
private readonly Expression _replacement;
public Replacer(ParameterExpression oldParam, Expression replacement)
{
_oldParam = oldParam;
_replacement = replacement;
}
public override Expression Visit(Expression exp)
{
if (exp == _oldParam)
{
return _replacement;
}
return base.Visit(exp);
}
}
}
var query = from ug in UserGroups
from ugp in UserGroupPrices.Where(x => x.UserGroupId == ug.Id).DefaultIfEmpty()
select new
{
UserGroupID = ug.UserGroupID,
UserGroupName = ug.UserGroupName,
Price = ugp != null ? ugp.Price : 0 //this is to handle nulls as even when Price is non-nullable prop it may come as null from SQL (result of Left Outer Join)
};
ugp == NULL
并为 Price
设置默认值。 - Hp93SelectMany
与DefaultIfEmpty
结合来强制执行左连接。至少在Entity Framework 6中,命中SQL Server。例如:using(var ctx = new MyDatabaseContext())
{
var data = ctx
.MyTable1
.SelectMany(a => ctx.MyTable2
.Where(b => b.Id2 == a.Id1)
.DefaultIfEmpty()
.Select(b => new
{
a.Id1,
a.Col1,
Col2 = b == null ? (int?) null : b.Col2,
}));
}
MyTable2.Col2
是一个类型为int
的列)生成的SQL将如下所示:SELECT
[Extent1].[Id1] AS [Id1],
[Extent1].[Col1] AS [Col1],
CASE WHEN ([Extent2].[Col2] IS NULL) THEN CAST(NULL AS int) ELSE CAST( [Extent2].[Col2] AS int) END AS [Col2]
FROM [dbo].[MyTable1] AS [Extent1]
LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[MyTable2] AS [Extent2] ON [Extent2].[Id2] = [Extent1].[Id1]
当进行2个或更多次左连接(在创建用户和发起人用户之间进行左连接)时
IQueryable<CreateRequestModel> queryResult = from r in authContext.Requests
join candidateUser in authContext.AuthUsers
on r.CandidateId equals candidateUser.Id
join creatorUser in authContext.AuthUsers
on r.CreatorId equals creatorUser.Id into gj
from x in gj.DefaultIfEmpty()
join initiatorUser in authContext.AuthUsers
on r.InitiatorId equals initiatorUser.Id into init
from x1 in init.DefaultIfEmpty()
where candidateUser.UserName.Equals(candidateUsername)
select new CreateRequestModel
{
UserName = candidateUser.UserName,
CreatorId = (x == null ? String.Empty : x.UserName),
InitiatorId = (x1 == null ? String.Empty : x1.UserName),
CandidateId = candidateUser.UserName
};
我可以通过在主模型上调用DefaultIfEmpty()来实现这一点。这使我能够在惰性加载的实体上进行左连接,对我来说似乎更易读:
var complaints = db.Complaints.DefaultIfEmpty()
.Where(x => x.DateStage1Complete == null || x.DateStage2Complete == null)
.OrderBy(x => x.DateEntered)
.Select(x => new
{
ComplaintID = x.ComplaintID,
CustomerName = x.Customer.Name,
CustomerAddress = x.Customer.Address,
MemberName = x.Member != null ? x.Member.Name: string.Empty,
AllocationName = x.Allocation != null ? x.Allocation.Name: string.Empty,
CategoryName = x.Category != null ? x.Category.Ssl_Name : string.Empty,
Stage1Start = x.Stage1StartDate,
Stage1Expiry = x.Stage1_ExpiryDate,
Stage2Start = x.Stage2StartDate,
Stage2Expiry = x.Stage2_ExpiryDate
});
.DefaultIfEmpty()
:它只会影响当db.Complains
为空时发生的情况。如果没有任何.DefaultIfEmpty()
,db.Complains.Where(...).OrderBy(...).Select(x => new { ..., MemberName = x.Member != null ? x.Member.Name : string.Empty, ... })
已经执行了左连接(假设Member
属性被标记为可选)。 - user743382如果UserGroups和UserGroupPrices表之间存在一对多的关系,在EF中,一旦在代码中定义了此关系,如下所示:
//In UserGroups Model
public List<UserGroupPrices> UserGrpPriceList {get;set;}
//In UserGroupPrices model
public UserGroups UserGrps {get;set;}
var list = db.UserGroupDbSet.ToList();