使用正则表达式验证IPv4地址

Question

使用正则表达式验证IPv4地址

206

我一直在尝试获得一个高效的IPv4验证正则表达式，但是运气不太好。有一段时间似乎我已经通过 (25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?(\.|$)){4} 得到了正确结果，但它产生了一些奇怪的结果：

$ grep --version
grep (GNU grep) 2.7
$ grep -E '\b(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?(\.|$)){4}\b' <<< 192.168.1.1
192.168.1.1
$ grep -E '\b(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?(\.|$)){4}\b' <<< 192.168.1.255
192.168.1.255
$ grep -E '\b(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?(\.|$)){4}\b' <<< 192.168.255.255
$ grep -E '\b(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?(\.|$)){4}\b' <<< 192.168.1.2555
192.168.1.2555

我搜索过，看是否已经有人问过并得到了回答，但其他答案似乎仅展示如何确定由1-3个数字组成的4组数字，或者对我没有用。

- Matthieu Cartier

22

别忘了 A、A.B 和 A.B.C 也是有效的 IP 地址格式，不只是 A.B.C.D。真的，请尝试用“ping 2130706433”和“ping 127.1”，可以让你发笑。 - dty

1

我的变量在线 https://regexr.com/39hqf - Enginer

47个回答

网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的

可以查看英文原文，
原文链接

- manjunath · Answer 1

要验证有效范围为0.0.0.0到255.255.255.255的任何IP地址，可以用非常简单的形式编写如下。

((1?[0-9]?[0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}(1?[0-9]?[0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])

- Michal Miky Jankovský · Answer 2

不要重复造轮子 ;)

最好的方法是使用经过良好编写和测试的库

npm @sideway/address 每周下载量达到 6M

import { ipRegex } from "@sideway/address";

const { regex } = ipRegex({ version: ['ipv4'], cidr: 'forbidden' });

不带 cidr 的 IPv4 正则表达式为：

/^(?:(?:(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]))$/

单元测试于：

const validIPv4sWithoutCidr = [
  '0.0.0.0',
  '255.255.255.255',
  '127.0.0.1',
  '192.168.2.1',
  '0.0.0.3',
  '0.0.0.7',
  '0.0.0.15',
  '0.0.0.31',
  '0.0.0.63',
  '0.0.0.127',
  '01.020.030.100',
  '0.0.0.0',
  '00.00.00.00',
  '000.000.000.000'
];

但是你可以轻松地使用（不使用）选项匹配其他版本，并确保它涵盖了所有可能性。

import { ipRegex } from "@sideway/address";

const { regex } = ipRegex();

/^(?:(?:(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])(?:\/(?:\d|[1-2]\d|3[0-2]))?|(?:(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]))|::(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]))|(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]))|(?:(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,1}[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]))|(?:(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]))|(?:(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4})?::[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]))|(?:(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]))|(?:(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4})?::[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[\dA-Fa-f]{1,4})?::)(?:\/(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1[01]\d|12[0-8]))?|v[\dA-Fa-f]+\.[\w-\.~!\$&'\*\+,;=:]+(?:\/(?:0{0,2}\d|0?[1-9]\d|1[01]\d|12[0-8]))?)$/

- Arhan Ashik · Answer 3

我试图让它变得更简单、更短。

^(([01]?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}([01]?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])$

如果你正在寻找Java/Kotlin：

^(([01]?\\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\.){3}([01]?\\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])$

如果有人想知道它是如何工作的，这里有解释。它真的很简单。只要试一试 :p :

 1. ^.....$: '^' is the starting and '$' is the ending.

 2. (): These are called a group. You can think of like "if" condition groups.

 3. |: 'Or' condition - as same as most of the programming languages.

 4. [01]?\d{1,2}: '[01]' indicates one of the number between 0 and 1. '?' means '[01]' is optional. '\d' is for any digit between 0-9 and '{1,2}' indicates the length can be between 1 and 2. So here the number can be 0-199.

 5. 2[0-4]\d: '2' is just plain 2. '[0-4]' means a number between 0 to 4. '\d' is for any digit between 0-9. So here the number can be 200-249.

 6. 25[0-5]: '25' is just plain 25. '[0-5]' means a number between 0 to 5. So here the number can be 250-255.

 7. \.: It's just plan '.'(dot) for separating the numbers.

 8. {3}: It means the exact 3 repetition of the previous group inside '()'.

 9. ([01]?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]): Totally same as point 2-6

数学上说，它就像这样：

（保留HTML）

(0-199 OR 200-249 OR 250-255).{Repeat exactly 3 times}(0-199 OR 200-249 OR 250-255)

所以，正常情况下这是IP地址的模式。希望它能帮助理解正则表达式。:p

- Arhan Ashik · Answer 4

我试着让它变得更简单、更短。

^(([01]?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]).){3}([01]?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])$

如果您正在寻找Java/Kotlin：

^(([01]?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}([01]?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])$

如果有人想知道它是如何工作的，这里有一个解释。它真的很简单。只需尝试一下:p :

 1. ^.....$: '^' is the starting and '$' is the ending.

 2. (): These are called a group. You can think of like "if" condition groups.

 3. |: 'Or' condition - as same as most of the programming languages.

 4. [01]?\d{1,2}: '[01]' indicates one of the number between 0 and 1. '?' means '[01]' is optional. '\d' is for any digit between 0-9 and '{1,2}' indicates the length can be between 1 and 2. So here the number can be 0-199.

 5. 2[0-4]\d: '2' is just plain 2. '[0-4]' means a number between 0 to 4. '\d' is for any digit between 0-9. So here the number can be 200-249.

 6. 25[0-5]: '25' is just plain 25. '[0-5]' means a number between 0 to 5. So here the number can be 250-255.

 7. \.: It's just plan '.'(dot) for separating the numbers.

 8. {3}: It means the exact 3 repetition of the previous group inside '()'.

 9. ([01]?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5]): Totally same as point 2-6

在数学上，它就像这样：

(0-199 OR 200-249 OR 250-255).{Repeat exactly 3 times}(0-199 OR 200-249 OR 250-255)

因此，正常情况下这是IP地址的模式。我希望它有助于更好地理解正则表达式。:p

- nowox · Answer 5

我会使用 PCRE 和 define 关键字：

/^
 ((?&byte))\.((?&byte))\.((?&byte))\.((?&byte))$
 (?(DEFINE)
     (?<byte>25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[01]?\d\d?))
/gmx

演示：https://regex101.com/r/IB7j48/2 这样做的原因是避免重复四次(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)模式。其他解决方案，如下面的解决方案，也可以很好地工作，但它不能像许多人所要求的那样捕获每个组。

/^((\d+?)(\.|$)){4}/

唯一的其他具有4个捕获组的方法是四次重复模式：

/^(?<one>\d+)\.(?<two>\d+)\.(?<three>\d+)\.(?<four>\d+)$/

在Perl中捕获IPv4非常容易

$ echo "Hey this is my IP address 138.131.254.8, bye!" | \
  perl -ne 'print "[$1, $2, $3, $4]" if \
    /\b((?&byte))\.((?&byte))\.((?&byte))\.((?&byte))
     (?(DEFINE)
        \b(?<byte>25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?))
    /x'

[138, 131, 254, 8]

- fuweichin · Answer 6

我能想象到的最精确、直接和紧凑的IPv4正则表达式是：

^(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)$

但是关于性能/效率怎么样呢...抱歉我不知道，谁在乎呢？

- Jonathzen · Answer 7

-bash-3.2$ echo "191.191.191.39" | egrep 
  '(^|[^0-9])((2([6-9]|5[0-5]?|[0-4][0-9]?)?|1([0-9][0-9]?)?|[3-9][0-9]?|0)\.{3}
     (2([6-9]|5[0-5]?|[0-4][0-9]?)?|1([0-9][0-9]?)?|[3-9][0-9]?|0)($|[^0-9])'

>> 191.191.191.39

（这是一个DFA，它匹配整个地址空间（包括广播等），但不匹配其他任何内容。）

- sudistack · Answer 8

((\.|^)(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]?|0$)){4}

这个正则表达式不会接受08.8.8.8、8.08.8.8、8.8.08.8或8.8.8.08。

- Deepak_Mahalingam · Answer 9

ip address can be from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

(((0|1)?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.]){3}((0|1)?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])$

(0|1)?[0-9][0-9]? - checking value from 0 to 199
2[0-4][0-9]- checking value from 200 to 249
25[0-5]- checking value from 250 to 255
[.] --> represent verify . character 
{3} --> will match exactly 3
$ --> end of string

- rda · Answer 10

只要 IP 地址被包含在数字以外的任何字符（IP 的前面或后面）中，就可以找到一个有效的 IP 地址。创建了 4 个反向引用：$+{first}.$+{second}.$+{third}.$+{forth}

Find String:
#any valid IP address
(?<IP>(?<![\d])(?<first>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<second>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<third>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<forth>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))(?![\d]))
#only valid private IP address RFC1918
(?<IP>(?<![\d])(:?(:?(?<first>10)[\.](?<second>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5])))|(:?(?<first>172)[\.](?<second>(:?1[6-9])|(:?2[0-9])|(:?3[0-1])))|(:?(?<first>192)[\.](?<second>168)))[\.](?<third>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<forth>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))(?![\d]))

Notepad++ Replace String Option 1: Replaces the whole IP (NO Change):
$+{IP}

Notepad++ Replace String Option 2: Replaces the whole IP octect by octect (NO Change)
$+{first}.$+{second}.$+{third}.$+{forth}

Notepad++ Replace String Option 3: Replaces the whole IP octect by octect (replace 3rd octect value with 0)
$+{first}.$+{second}.0.$+{forth}
NOTE: The above will match any valid IP including 255.255.255.255 for example and change it to 255.255.0.255 which is wrong and not very useful of course.

替换每个八位字节的一部分为实际值，但是你可以构建自己的查找和替换工具，这对于修改文本文件中的IP地址非常有用。

for example replace the first octect group of the original Find regex above:
(?<first>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))
with
(?<first>10)

and
(?<second>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))
with
(?<second>216)
and you are now matching addresses starting with first octect 192 only

Find on notepad++:
(?<IP>(?<![\d])(?<first>10)[\.](?<second>216)[\.](?<third>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<forth>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))(?![\d]))

您仍然可以像以前一样使用反向引用组执行替换。

您可以了解如何匹配上面的内容：

cat ipv4_validation_test.txt
Full Match:
0.0.0.1
12.108.1.34
192.168.1.1
10.249.24.212
10.216.1.212
192.168.1.255
255.255.255.255
0.0.0.0


Partial Match (IP Extraction from line)
30.168.1.0.1
-1.2.3.4
sfds10.216.24.23kgfd
da11.15.112.255adfdsfds
sfds10.216.24.23kgfd


NO Match
1.1.1.01
3...3
127.1.
192.168.1..
192.168.1.256
da11.15.112.2554adfdsfds
da311.15.112.255adfdsfds

使用grep命令，您可以看到以下结果：

From grep:
grep -oP '(?<IP>(?<![\d])(?<first>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<second>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<third>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<forth>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))(?![\d]))' ipv4_validation_test.txt
0.0.0.1
12.108.1.34
192.168.1.1
10.249.24.212
10.216.1.212
192.168.1.255
255.255.255.255
0.0.0.0
30.168.1.0
1.2.3.4
10.216.24.23
11.15.112.255
10.216.24.23


grep -P '(?<IP>(?<![\d])(?<first>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<second>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<third>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<forth>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))(?![\d]))' ipv4_validation_test.txt
0.0.0.1
12.108.1.34
192.168.1.1
10.249.24.212
10.216.1.212
192.168.1.255
255.255.255.255
0.0.0.0
30.168.1.0.1
-1.2.3.4
sfds10.216.24.23kgfd
da11.15.112.255adfdsfds
sfds10.216.24.23kgfd


#matching ip addresses starting with 10.216
grep -oP '(?<IP>(?<![\d])(?<first>10)[\.](?<second>216)[\.](?<third>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))[\.](?<forth>(:?\d)|(:?[1-9]\d)|(:?1\d{2})|(:?2[0-4]\d)|(:?25[0-5]))(?![\d]))' ipv4_validation_test.txt
10.216.1.212
10.216.24.23
10.216.24.23