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连接被拒绝（PGError）（postgresql和rails）

ruby-on-railspostgresqlpostgresql-9.1postgresql-9.2rails-postgresql
21
当我使用"$rails s"运行我的本地主机时，我一直遇到这个错误：（Mac OSX 10.8.3）（ruby 2.0.0p195（2013-05-14 revision 40734）[x86_64-darwin12.3.0]）（Rails 3.2.11）（psql（PostgreSQL）9.2.2）**用homebrew安装。我已经卸载并重装了很多次postgresql，所以我有一个预感可能存在冲突的库...只是不知道从哪里开始。我曾经将Postgresql 9.1和9.2放在同一个文件夹中，然后将9.1移到了垃圾桶中。在终端中运行“rails s”时，输出如下：
Danny$ rails s
^[b=> Booting Thin
=> Rails 3.2.11 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Call with -d to detach
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
Exiting
/Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:1208:in `initialize': could        not connect to server: Connection refused (PGError)
Is the server running on host "localhost" (127.0.0.1) and accepting
TCP/IP connections on port 5433?
could not connect to server: Connection refused
Is the server running on host "localhost" (::1) and accepting
TCP/IP connections on port 5433?
could not connect to server: Connection refused
Is the server running on host "localhost" (fe80::1) and accepting
TCP/IP connections on port 5433?
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:1208:in `new'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:1208:in `connect'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:326:in `initialize'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:28:in `new'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:28:in `postgresql_connection'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:315:in `new_connection'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:325:in `checkout_new_connection'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:247:in `block (2 levels) in checkout'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:242:in `loop'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:242:in `block in checkout'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p195/lib/ruby/2.0.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:239:in `checkout'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:102:in `block in connection'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p195/lib/ruby/2.0.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:101:in `connection'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:410:in `retrieve_connection'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb:171:in `retrieve_connection'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb:145:in `connection'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/model_schema.rb:308:in `clear_cache!'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activerecord-3.2.11/lib/active_record/railtie.rb:97:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Railtie>'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activesupport-3.2.11/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:418:in `_run__3642716200177086041__prepare__4186317719333288752__callbacks'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activesupport-3.2.11/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `__run_callback'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activesupport-3.2.11/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:385:in `_run_prepare_callbacks'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activesupport-3.2.11/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:81:in `run_callbacks'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/actionpack-3.2.11/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/reloader.rb:74:in `prepare!'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/actionpack-3.2.11/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/reloader.rb:48:in `prepare!'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:47:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `each'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/application.rb:136:in `initialize!'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in `method_missing'
from /Users/Danny/Dropbox/programming/coding/f_app/config/environment.rb:7:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activesupport-3.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `require'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activesupport-3.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `block in require'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activesupport-3.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:236:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/activesupport-3.2.11/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `require'
from /Users/Danny/Dropbox/programming/coding/f_app/config.ru:3:in `block in <main>'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `instance_eval'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `initialize'
from /Users/Danny/Dropbox/programming/coding/f_app/config.ru:in `new'
from /Users/Danny/Dropbox/programming/coding/f_app/config.ru:in `<main>'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/builder.rb:40:in `eval'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/builder.rb:40:in `parse_file'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/server.rb:200:in `app'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:46:in `app'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/server.rb:304:in `wrapped_app'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/server.rb:254:in `start'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:70:in `start'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/commands.rb:55:in `block in <top (required)>'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/commands.rb:50:in `tap'
from /Users/Danny/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p195/gems/railties-3.2.11/lib/rails/commands.rb:50:in `<top (required)>'
from script/rails:6:in `require'
from script/rails:6:in `<main>'
从$>docker-compose up开始。 - Alejandro Hdz
7个回答
28
错误信息是关键的： 
could not connect to server: Connection refused
Is the server running on host "localhost" (::1) and accepting
TCP/IP connections on port 5433?

端口

您可能正在尝试连接错误的端口。
标准端口是5432。请检查您如何（以及是否）启动了Postgres服务器：

postgres@db:~$ ps -auxww | grep ^postgres
... <stripped more lines>
postgres  1274  0.0  0.3 1437240 57308 ?       S    May27   5:01 /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main -c config_file=/etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf

这里有相关信息，请查看手册。

在我的例子中，使用了/etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf中的设置，其中包括（除了其他设置）：

port = 5432

或者运行：

netstat -nlp | grep postgres

或者只需在此查看（至少在Debian或Ubuntu中）：

ls -lA /var/run/postgresql/

如果你创建新的数据库集群，PostgreSQL会选择下一个空闲端口。由于你重复安装了，可能会混淆端口号。

listen_addresses

或者你只是忘记允许TCP/IP连接。相关答案:

5
这可能会解决问题：-

  • 使用命令SHOW config_file;和SHOW hba_file;在sql提示符中获取hba.conf文件地址

  • 现在打开hba.conf，并添加host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust

  • 现在打开postgresql.conf，并添加listen_address = '*'

unrecognized configuration parameter "listen_address" in file "/etc/postgresql/10/main/postgresql.conf" line 59 - Eugene Gr. Philippov
2
在我的情况下，问题是由于在Ubuntu 16.04中将postgresql-9.4升级到postgresql-9.5引起的。因为在某个时间点安装了两个版本，后来安装的版本即postgresql-9.5的配置更改为默认端口5433（而不是标准默认5432）。
当我的Rails项目尝试连接postgresql的默认端口时（因为端口未在database.yml文件中显式定义），问题就出现了，并且一直失败。即使稍后删除了postgresql-9.4。

解决方案：更改postgresql的配置文件

解决方案是更改更新的postgresql（9.5）的配置中的端口。要做到这一点，请打开文件/etc/postgresql/9.5/main/postgresql.conf并更改该行。
port = 5433                             # (change requires restart)

to

port = 5432                             # (change requires restart)

然后使用 sudo service postgresql restart 命令重启服务器。

修改Rails的 `database.yml' 文件的解决方案

另外一种解决方法是通过在 Rails 的 database.yml 文件中显式指定新的端口（即 5433），而不需要更改 PostgreSQL 的配置文件。只需添加以下行：

port: 5433

并重新启动Rails服务器。

这对于了解database.yml默认使用rails的5432端口特别有用。此外，关于为什么不同版本的postgres端口号不同的解释也非常好。 - Josh Frankel
2
sudo -u postgres pg_ctlcluster 9.3 main stop

跟随着
sudo -u postgres pg_ctlcluster 9.3 main restart

对我有用

2

我在连接Jira时遇到了这个错误消息（来自Jira方面），解决方法是将“数据库服务器的主机名或IP地址”更改为“localhost”。如果您正在本地运行，则不能只输入本地IP地址。

此外，本地安装的下一个问题是密码始终失败，即使密码是正确的，因为需要编辑pg_hba.conf以使身份验证方法为“trust”。

原始答案：Original Answer

1
在postgresql.conf中，/var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf：

  1. 将 listen_addresses = 'localhost' 改为 listen_addresses = '*'

  2. 启用默认端口5432，port = 5432

同时，在pg_hba.conf中，/var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf， 尝试使用信任认证方法。
0
看起来服务没有运行。尝试启动它。
pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres start
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