我想使用VNC访问我的Ubuntu 16.10 VPS（Contabo）并使用GNOME环境，但是到目前为止我仍然遇到了一些问题无法解决。为了安装和配置软件，我运行了以下命令：
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop
sudo apt-get install tightvncserver xtightvncviewer tightvnc-java
sudo locale-gen de_DE.UTF-8
sudo apt-get install xfonts-75dpi
sudo apt-get install xfonts-100dpi
sudo apt-get install gnome-panel
sudo apt-get install metacity
sudo apt-get install light-themes
touch ~/.Xresources
vncpasswd
文件~/.vnc/xstartup最初包含以下行：
#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
#x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &
# Fix to make GNOME work
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
/etc/X11/Xsession
当我使用vncserver -geometry 1920x1200启动VNC服务器时，根据~/.vnc中的日志文件，一切看起来都很正常。
17/02/17 11:47:48 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10
17/02/17 11:47:48 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group
17/02/17 11:47:48 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge
17/02/17 11:47:48 All Rights Reserved.
17/02/17 11:47:48 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC
17/02/17 11:47:48 Desktop name 'X' (host:1)
17/02/17 11:47:48 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t
17/02/17 11:47:48 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901
17/02/17 11:47:48 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801
我可以通过VNCViewer从我的Windows PC成功连接并看到一个灰色窗口。
现在，对我来说不清楚的是，我需要在~/.vnc/xstartup中更改什么才能运行Gnome。我尝试了许多不同的设置。
例如，当我将xstartup更改为
#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &
# Fix to make GNOME work
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
/etc/X11/Xsession
#gnome-session &
gnome-panel &
gnome-settings-daemon &
metacity &
nautilus &
通过VNC连接时，我在vnc日志文件中收到以下错误消息：
17/02/17 14:13:09 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10
17/02/17 14:13:09 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group
17/02/17 14:13:09 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge
17/02/17 14:13:09 All Rights Reserved.
17/02/17 14:13:09 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC
17/02/17 14:13:09 Desktop name 'X' (host:1)
17/02/17 14:13:09 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t
17/02/17 14:13:09 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901
17/02/17 14:13:09 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801
17/02/17 14:13:09 URL http://5801
(nautilus:7807): Gtk-WARNING **: Failed to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
metacity-Message: could not find XKB extension.
Window manager warning: Missing composite extension required for compositing
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): rfkill-plugin-WARNING **: Could not open RFKILL control device, please verify your installation
** (gnome-panel:7804): WARNING **: Failed to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
(nautilus:7807): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: <broken file>:1:0: Failed to import: The resource at '/org/gnome/libgd/tagged-entry/default.css' does not exist
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): media-keys-plugin-WARNING **: Unable to inhibit keypresses: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: Permission denied
** (gnome-settings-daemon:7805): WARNING **: Unable to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
** (process:7845): WARNING **: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: g_task_return_error: assertion 'error != NULL' failed
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
(gnome-settings-daemon:7805): sharing-plugin-WARNING **: Failed to StopUnit service: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.systemd1.NoSuchUnit: Unit rygel.service not loaded.
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
(gnome-panel:7804): Gtk-WARNING **: Allocating size to PanelToplevel 0x55e8b9e1fba0 without calling gtk_widget_get_preferred_width/height(). How does the code know the size to allocate?
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
Nautilus-Share-Message: Called "net usershare info" but it failed: Failed to execute child process "net" (No such file or directory)
Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
这是我在使用VNCViewer时能够看到的内容:
目前我还无法修复日志文件中的问题。非常感谢您的帮助。
更新1
如果我按照muktupavels的更新2调整了~/.vnc/xstartup，当我通过vncviewer连接时，我的日志文件会显示如下:
21/02/17 08:51:52 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10
21/02/17 08:51:52 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group
21/02/17 08:51:52 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge
21/02/17 08:51:52 All Rights Reserved.
21/02/17 08:51:52 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC
21/02/17 08:51:52 Desktop name 'X' (host:1)
21/02/17 08:51:52 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t
21/02/17 08:51:52 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901
21/02/17 08:51:52 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801
21/02/17 08:51:52 URL http://host:5801
21/02/17 08:51:58 Got connection from client xxx
21/02/17 08:51:58 Using protocol version 3.8
21/02/17 08:52:03 Full-control authentication passed by xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15
21/02/17 08:52:04 Using zlib encoding for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314
21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223
21/02/17 08:52:04 Pixel format for client xxx:
21/02/17 08:52:04 8 bpp, depth 8
21/02/17 08:52:04 uses a colour map (not true colour).
21/02/17 08:52:04 Using raw encoding for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314
21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client 141.83.54.107
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15
21/02/17 08:52:04 Using hextile encoding for client xxx
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314
21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client 141.83.54.107
21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223
21/02/17 08:52:04 Pixel format for client xxx:
21/02/17 08:52:04 32 bpp, depth 24, little endian
21/02/17 08:52:04 true colour: max r 255 g 255 b 255, shift r 16 g 8 b 0
21/02/17 08:52:04 no translation needed
21/02/17 08:52:08 KbdAddEvent: unknown KeySym 0xffeb - allocating KeyCode 89
这是GUI的屏幕截图： {{link1：
}}现在时钟等显示在顶部面板上。然而，桌面仍然是灰色的，右键单击无效。
另外一些应用程序如GNOME终端首次没有启动。当我尝试使用xterm启动终端时，我得到以下错误消息：
Error constructing proxy for org.gnome.Terminal:/org/gnome/Terminal/Factory0: Error calling StartServiceByName for org.gnome.Terminal: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.TimedOut: Failed to activate service 'org.gnome.Terminal': timed out
执行以下命令并重新启动后，GNOME 终端和所有其他程序都可以正常工作：
sudo locale-gen
sudo localectl set-locale LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
sudo reboot
更新 3
在~/.vnc/xstartup中的gnome-session命令中添加了--debug参数。重新启动vncserver后，我在~/.xsession-errors中收到了以下消息：
Xsession: X session started for <user> at Di 21. Feb 08:35:01 CET 2017
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DISPLAY=:1
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
Major opcode of failed request: 109 (X_ChangeHosts)
Value in failed request: 0x5
Serial number of failed request: 6
Current serial number in output stream: 8
localuser:<user> being added to access control list
X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
Major opcode of failed request: 109 (X_ChangeHosts)
Value in failed request: 0x5
Serial number of failed request: 6
Current serial number in output stream: 8
openConnection: connect: No such file or directory
cannot connect to braille devices daemon brltty at :0
Incompatible XKB server support
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY_ALWAYS_ON=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
Error: couldn't find RGB GLX visual or fbconfig
OpenGL version not found.
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting VNCDESKTOP=X
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting MAIL=/var/mail/<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_CLIENT=xx.xxx.xx.xx 54876 22
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting USER=<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LANGUAGE=en_US:
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_TIME=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHLVL=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting HOME=/home/<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting OLDPWD=/home/<user>/.vnc
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY_ALWAYS_ON=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_MONETARY=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-x72bVPIADb,guid=db78e03690370c91adb4424458abeda5
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting IM_CONFIG_PHASE=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LOGNAME=<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting _=/usr/bin/vncserver
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting TERM=xterm
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting PATH=/home/<user>/bin:/home/<user>/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_ADDRESS=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DISPLAY=:1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_TELEPHONE=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LANG=en_US
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHELL=/bin/bash
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHELL=/bin/bash
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_NAME=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_MEASUREMENT=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_IDENTIFICATION=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting PWD=/home/<user>
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_CONNECTION=xx.xxx.xx.xx 54876 xx.xxx.xx.xx 22
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share/gnome:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_NUMERIC=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_PAPER=de_DE.UTF-8
dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1