按名称打开Google表格电子表格

Question

我有一个情况，其中一个脚本正在输入数据并将其发送到电子表格中。过一段时间后，这个电子表格变得过大。

目前我们必须手动将项目从主要电子表格移动到新的电子表格。原因是不是每个人都熟悉代码并愿意更改代码中的ID。

我想知道是否有一种按名称打开电子表格的方法。如果没有，那么是否有更好的实现我们所需的方法（如上所述）的方法？

- user1807201

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不太清楚您希望脚本实际执行什么操作... 为什么人们需要访问ss ID？为什么不在复制存档之后直接清除整个ss？ - Serge insas

Answer 1

在其中一个答案中使用的 DocsList 服务已经被弃用，不再起作用。我更新了我的脚本，使其更像以下内容。

// Open the file
  var FileIterator = DriveApp.getFilesByName(FileNameString);
  while (FileIterator.hasNext())
  {
    var file = FileIterator.next();
    if (file.getName() == FileNameString)
    {
      var Sheet = SpreadsheetApp.open(file);
      var fileID = file.getId();
    }    
  }

DocsList的替代品是DriveApp。https://developers.google.com/apps-script/reference/drive/drive-app

- Dan

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谢谢，这很有帮助。 - Hsehdar

Answer 2

更新：DocsList现已停用。请改用{{link2：DriveApp.getFilesByName(name)}}。

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David提供了一些优秀的代码来对数据进行洗牌。如果你真的只需要按名称打开电子表格，那么这个代码就可以解决问题：

function getSpreadsheetByName(filename) {
  var files = DocsList.find(filename);

  for(var i in files)
  {
    if(files[i].getName() == filename)
    {
      // open - undocumented function
      return SpreadsheetApp.open(files[i]);
      // openById - documented but more verbose
      // return SpreadsheetApp.openById(files[i].getId());
    }
  }
  return null;
}

- DDD

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谢谢您的两个建议。它们对我们的目的都很有用。 - user1807201

这个答案已经过时了，现在的方法是在另一个答案中。 - user3717023

Answer 3

我处理类似于您所要求的问题的方式是，首先让脚本复制我的电子表格（我称之为冻结备份），因为它变得太大了。一旦我安全地拥有了副本，然后同样的脚本将删除所有不再需要的过多电子表格中的行。（我认为拥有多个冻结备份不会对谷歌账户产生任何费用，因此这是可行的）

请注意，我逐行删除；这需要时间。我这样做是因为我不删除某一点以下的所有行，而只删除与条件匹配的特定行。

在我的情况下，除了上述内容外，我还有另一个小程序，即让脚本将我即将删除的所有行复制到第三个电子表格中（除了冻结备份），但这似乎超出了您的要求。

这是我的代码（请注意，在我们要从中删除行的工作表中，主电子表格名为“原始数据”，列A为每行的时间戳；单元格A1称为时间戳）：

 function ssCopy() {
  var id = "0ArVhODIsJ2....  spreadsheet key of the master spreadsheet";            
  var smsSS = SpreadsheetApp.openById(id);  


  var recordingSS = SpreadsheetApp.openById("0AvhOXv5OGF.... spreadsheet key of archive spreadsheet");//  you probably wont be using this

  var recordingSMSCopiesSheet = recordingSS.getSheets()[0];


  var outgoingSMSsheet = smsSS.getSheetByName("Original"); 
  outgoingSMSsheet.getRange("A1").setValue("Time Stamp");

  var startRow = 2;
  var numRows = outgoingSMSsheet.getDataRange().getLastRow();
  var numCols = 13;
  var dataRange = outgoingSMSsheet.getRange(startRow, 1, numRows, numCols);
  var objects = getRowsData(outgoingSMSsheet, dataRange); // Create one JavaScript object per row of data.


  var rowDataNumberArray = [];
  var rowToDeleteIndex = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < objects.length; ++i) { // Get a row object
    var rowData = objects[i];
    if(  Date.parse(rowData.timeStamp)  > Date.parse(ScriptProperties.getProperty('lastDate'))  && (rowData.done == 1) ){  //these are not used if these same 2 lines are inserted instead of here, downbelow
      var rowStuff = []
      rowToDeleteIndex.push(i);
      for(n in objects[i]){
        rowStuff.push(  objects[i][n]  )}
      rowDataNumberArray.push( rowStuff )};
    Logger.log("rowData.number1 = " + rowStuff);

  }

  Logger.log(" rowDataNumberArray ~ " + rowDataNumberArray);

  if(rowDataNumberArray.length > 0)
  {
     for(row in rowDataNumberArray)
    {recordingSMSCopiesSheet.appendRow(rowDataNumberArray[row]);}


  }

  spreadsheetFrozenBackup(id)


  for( var i = rowToDeleteIndex.length-1; i >= 0; i-- ) //backwards on purpose
  outgoingSMSsheet.deleteRow(rowToDeleteIndex[i]+ 0 + startRow); //so we don't have to re-calculate our row indexes (thanks to H. Abreu)

}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////



function spreadsheetFrozenBackup(id) {

  // Get current spreadsheet.
  var ss = SpreadsheetApp.openById(id);                    

  // Name the backup spreadsheet with date.
  var bssName = " Frozen Spreadsheet at: " + Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), "GMT+1:00", "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss") + " : " + ss.getName() ;
  var bs = SpreadsheetApp.openById((DocsList.copy(DocsList.getFileById(ss.getId()), bssName)).getId());


}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// The code below is reused from the 'Reading Spreadsheet data using JavaScript Objects'
// tutorial.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// getRowsData iterates row by row in the input range and returns an array of objects.
// Each object contains all the data for a given row, indexed by its normalized column name.
// Arguments:
//   - sheet: the sheet object that contains the data to be processed
//   - range: the exact range of cells where the data is stored
//   - columnHeadersRowIndex: specifies the row number where the column names are stored.
//       This argument is optional and it defaults to the row immediately above range; 
// Returns an Array of objects.
function getRowsData(sheet, range, columnHeadersRowIndex) {
  columnHeadersRowIndex = columnHeadersRowIndex || range.getRowIndex() - 1;
  var numColumns = range.getEndColumn() - range.getColumn() + 1;
  var headersRange = sheet.getRange(columnHeadersRowIndex, range.getColumn(), 1, numColumns);
  var headers = headersRange.getValues()[0];
  return getObjects(range.getValues(), normalizeHeaders(headers));
}

// For every row of data in data, generates an object that contains the data. Names of
// object fields are defined in keys.
// Arguments:
//   - data: JavaScript 2d array
//   - keys: Array of Strings that define the property names for the objects to create
function getObjects(data, keys) {
  var objects = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
    var object = {};
    var hasData = false;
    for (var j = 0; j < data[i].length; ++j) {
      var cellData = data[i][j];
      if (isCellEmpty(cellData)) {
        continue;
      }
      object[keys[j]] = cellData;
      hasData = true;
    }
    if (hasData) {
      objects.push(object);
    }
  }
  return objects;
}

// Returns an Array of normalized Strings.
// Arguments:
//   - headers: Array of Strings to normalize
function normalizeHeaders(headers) {
  var keys = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < headers.length; ++i) {
    var key = normalizeHeader(headers[i]);
    if (key.length > 0) {
      keys.push(key);
    }
  }
  return keys;
}

// Normalizes a string, by removing all alphanumeric characters and using mixed case
// to separate words. The output will always start with a lower case letter.
// This function is designed to produce JavaScript object property names.
// Arguments:
//   - header: string to normalize
// Examples:
//   "First Name" -> "firstName"
//   "Market Cap (millions) -> "marketCapMillions
//   "1 number at the beginning is ignored" -> "numberAtTheBeginningIsIgnored"
function normalizeHeader(header) {
  var key = "";
  var upperCase = false;
  for (var i = 0; i < header.length; ++i) {
    var letter = header[i];
    if (letter == " " && key.length > 0) {
      upperCase = true;
      continue;
    }
    if (!isAlnum(letter)) {
      continue;
    }
    if (key.length == 0 && isDigit(letter)) {
      continue; // first character must be a letter
    }
    if (upperCase) {
      upperCase = false;
      key += letter.toUpperCase();
    } else {
      key += letter.toLowerCase();
    }
  }
  return key;
}

// Returns true if the cell where cellData was read from is empty.
// Arguments:
//   - cellData: string
function isCellEmpty(cellData) {
  return typeof(cellData) == "string" && cellData == "";
}

// Returns true if the character char is alphabetical, false otherwise.
function isAlnum(char) {
  return char >= 'A' && char <= 'Z' ||
    char >= 'a' && char <= 'z' ||
    isDigit(char);
}

// Returns true if the character char is a digit, false otherwise.
function isDigit(char) {
  return char >= '0' && char <= '9';
}




// setRowsData fills in one row of data per object defined in the objects Array. // https://developers.google.com/apps-script/storing_data_spreadsheets
// For every Column, it checks if data objects define a value for it.
// Arguments:
//   - sheet: the Sheet Object where the data will be written
//   - objects: an Array of Objects, each of which contains data for a row
//   - optHeadersRange: a Range of cells where the column headers are defined. This
//     defaults to the entire first row in sheet.
//   - optFirstDataRowIndex: index of the first row where data should be written. This
//     defaults to the row immediately below the headers.
function setRowsData(sheet, objects, optHeadersRange, optFirstDataRowIndex) {
  var headersRange = optHeadersRange || sheet.getRange(1, 1, 1, sheet.getMaxColumns());
  var firstDataRowIndex = optFirstDataRowIndex || headersRange.getRowIndex() + 1;
  var headers = normalizeHeaders(headersRange.getValues()[0]);

  var data = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < objects.length; ++i) {
    var values = []
    for (j = 0; j < headers.length; ++j) {
      var header = headers[j];
      values.push(header.length > 0 && objects[i][header] ? objects[i][header] : "");
    }
    data.push(values);
  }

  var destinationRange = sheet.getRange(firstDataRowIndex, headersRange.getColumnIndex(),
                                        objects.length, headers.length);
  destinationRange.setValues(data);
}

- David Tew