我正在使用
是否由父窗口负责迭代子窗口并让它们重绘自己？如果是父窗口的责任，如何获取父窗口无效矩形内的所有子窗口？
下面是一个完全可编译的示例，说明了我所说的行为。您可以看到，当您将鼠标移动到父窗口上时，按钮会消失。如果单击该按钮，则按钮会重新绘制自己，但当您将鼠标从按钮移开并再次移到父窗口上时，按钮会再次消失。
WM_EX_TRANSPARENT窗口样式来实现具有透明度的双缓冲。但是，当我在父窗口上执行InvalidateRect时，子窗口没有重新绘制，导致出现问题。是否由父窗口负责迭代子窗口并让它们重绘自己？如果是父窗口的责任，如何获取父窗口无效矩形内的所有子窗口？
下面是一个完全可编译的示例，说明了我所说的行为。您可以看到，当您将鼠标移动到父窗口上时，按钮会消失。如果单击该按钮，则按钮会重新绘制自己，但当您将鼠标从按钮移开并再次移到父窗口上时，按钮会再次消失。
#include <Windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND window, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
switch (uMsg) {
case WM_CREATE:
return 0;
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
InvalidateRect(window, NULL, true);
return 0;
case WM_NCDESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
}
return DefWindowProc(window, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
int PASCAL WinMain(HINSTANCE hinst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, int nShowCmd) {
WNDCLASS wc;
wc.style = 0;
wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
wc.hInstance = hinst;
wc.hIcon = NULL;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wc.lpszClassName = "test_window";
RegisterClass(&wc);
HWND wnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_TRANSPARENT, "test_window", "test", WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 50, 50, 400, 400, NULL, NULL, hinst, NULL);
ShowWindow(wnd, SW_SHOW);
HWND btn = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_TRANSPARENT, "BUTTON", "button 1", WS_CHILD, 50, 50, 100, 50, wnd, NULL, hinst, NULL);
ShowWindow(btn, SW_SHOW);
MSG m;
while (GetMessage(&m, NULL, 0, 0)) {
TranslateMessage(&m);
DispatchMessage(&m);
}
return 0;
}
最终解决方案
最终的解决方案是按照下面的答案建议，在父窗口的WM_PAINT消息中向每个子窗口发送一个WM_PAINT，并让子窗口绘制到父窗口的双缓冲区（不要在自己内部绘制任何东西），然后让父窗口将它自己和每个子窗口绘制出来的内容从底层到顶层依次BitBlt到它的HDC中。这样可以实现父窗口和子窗口的无闪烁绘制，并且子窗口可以透明显示。以下是我们最终得出的演示程序：
#include <Windows.h>
// the handle to the single child window
HWND child;
// parent's backbuffer so we can use it in the child
HDC bbuf = 0;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND window, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
switch (uMsg) {
case WM_CREATE:
return 0;
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
InvalidateRect(window, NULL, true);
return 0;
case WM_PAINT: {
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
POINT mpos;
GetCursorPos(&mpos);
ScreenToClient(window, &mpos);
BeginPaint(window, &ps);
// create the backbuffer once
bbuf = bbuf ? bbuf : CreateCompatibleDC(ps.hdc);
// hardcoded size is the same in the CreateWindowEx call
static auto backbmp = CreateCompatibleBitmap(ps.hdc, 400, 400);
static auto unused = SelectObject(bbuf, backbmp);
POINT points[2] = {
{ 0, 0 },
{ mpos.x, mpos.y }
};
// painting into bbuf
// give ourselves a white background so we can see the wblack line
SelectObject(bbuf, (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH));
Rectangle(bbuf, 0, 0, 400, 400);
SelectObject(bbuf, (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH));
Polyline(bbuf, points, 2);
// get the child to paint itself into our bbuf
SendMessage(child, WM_PAINT, 0, 0);
// and after the child has drawn, bitblt everything onto the screen
BitBlt(ps.hdc, 0, 0, 400, 400, bbuf, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
EndPaint(window, &ps);
return 0;
}
case WM_ERASEBKGND:
return 0;
case WM_NCDESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
}
return DefWindowProc(window, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
LRESULT CALLBACK ChildWndProc(HWND window, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
switch (uMsg) {
case WM_CREATE:
return 0;
case WM_PAINT: {
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
BeginPaint(window, &ps);
static auto backbuffer = CreateCompatibleDC(ps.hdc);
static auto backbmp = CreateCompatibleBitmap(ps.hdc, 100, 50);
static auto unused = SelectObject(backbuffer, backbmp);
// copy the parent's stuff into our backbuffer (the parent has already drawn)
BitBlt(backbuffer, 0, 0, 100, 50, bbuf, 50, 150, SRCCOPY);
RECT r = { 0, 0, 50, 100 };
// draw into our backbuffer
SetBkMode(backbuffer, TRANSPARENT);
SetTextColor(backbuffer, RGB(255, 0, 0));
DrawText(backbuffer, "hello", 5, &r, DT_NOCLIP | DT_TABSTOP | DT_EXPANDTABS | DT_NOPREFIX);
// bitblt our stuff into the parent's backbuffer
BitBlt(bbuf, 50, 150, 100, 50, backbuffer, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
EndPaint(window, &ps);
return 0;
}
case WM_ERASEBKGND:
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(window, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
int PASCAL WinMain(HINSTANCE hinst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, int nShowCmd) {
WNDCLASS wc;
wc.style = 0;
wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
wc.hInstance = hinst;
wc.hIcon = NULL;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wc.lpszClassName = "test_window";
RegisterClass(&wc);
wc.style = 0;
wc.lpfnWndProc = ChildWndProc;
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
wc.hInstance = hinst;
wc.hIcon = NULL;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wc.lpszClassName = "transparent_window";
RegisterClass(&wc);
HWND wnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, "test_window", "test", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE, 50, 50, 400, 400, NULL, NULL, hinst, NULL);
child = CreateWindowEx(NULL, "transparent_window", "", WS_VISIBLE | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_CHILD, 50, 150, 100, 50, wnd, NULL, hinst, NULL);
MSG m;
while (GetMessage(&m, NULL, 0, 0)) {
TranslateMessage(&m);
DispatchMessage(&m);
}
return 0;
}
再次感谢Johnathon花费了很多时间帮助我解决这个问题。
WS_EX_COMPOSITED自己实现了双缓冲，而我想要自己实现。使用它可以防止子窗口消失，但是会出现非常严重的闪烁。你可以尝试一下我的示例程序，它也会出现同样的问题。 - Seth CarnegieWM_PRINT或其他什么东西？ - Seth CarnegieBeginPaint:) - Seth Carnegie