我一直在尝试使用Python中的电子邮件模块,但我想知道如何嵌入包含在HTML中的图像。
比如说,如果邮件内容是这样的:
<img src="../path/image.png"></img>
我想在电子邮件中嵌入image.png,并将src
属性替换为content-id
。 有人知道如何做到这一点吗?
我一直在尝试使用Python中的电子邮件模块,但我想知道如何嵌入包含在HTML中的图像。
比如说,如果邮件内容是这样的:
<img src="../path/image.png"></img>
我想在电子邮件中嵌入image.png,并将src
属性替换为content-id
。 有人知道如何做到这一点吗?
这里有一个我找到的例子。
食谱 473810:发送带有嵌入图像和纯文本备用的HTML电子邮件:
对于那些希望发送具有丰富文本、布局和图形的电子邮件的人来说,HTML是首选方法。通常情况下,将图形嵌入消息中,以便收件人可以直接显示消息而不需要进一步下载,这是很有必要的。
一些邮件代理不支持HTML或他们的用户更喜欢接收纯文本消息。发送HTML消息的人应该包含一个纯文本消息作为这些用户的备选方案。
此食谱发送一个短的HTML消息,其中包含一个单独的嵌入式图像和一个备选的纯文本消息。
# Send an HTML email with an embedded image and a plain text message for
# email clients that don't want to display the HTML.
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.MIMEImage import MIMEImage
# Define these once; use them twice!
strFrom = 'from@example.com'
strTo = 'to@example.com'
# Create the root message and fill in the from, to, and subject headers
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'
msgRoot['From'] = strFrom
msgRoot['To'] = strTo
msgRoot.preamble = 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.'
# Encapsulate the plain and HTML versions of the message body in an
# 'alternative' part, so message agents can decide which they want to display.
msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative)
msgText = MIMEText('This is the alternative plain text message.')
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)
# We reference the image in the IMG SRC attribute by the ID we give it below
msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>Nifty!', 'html')
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)
# This example assumes the image is in the current directory
fp = open('test.jpg', 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
# Define the image's ID as referenced above
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
msgRoot.attach(msgImage)
# Send the email (this example assumes SMTP authentication is required)
import smtplib
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.example.com')
smtp.login('exampleuser', 'examplepass')
smtp.sendmail(strFrom, strTo, msgRoot.as_string())
smtp.quit()
适用于 Python 版本 3.4 及以上。
接受的答案很好,但只适用于较旧的 Python 版本(2.x 和 3.3)。我认为它需要更新。
以下是在新版本 Python(3.4 及以上)中执行此操作的方法:
from email.message import EmailMessage
from email.utils import make_msgid
import mimetypes
msg = EmailMessage()
# generic email headers
msg['Subject'] = 'Hello there'
msg['From'] = 'ABCD <abcd@xyz.com>'
msg['To'] = 'PQRS <pqrs@xyz.com>'
# set the plain text body
msg.set_content('This is a plain text body.')
# now create a Content-ID for the image
image_cid = make_msgid(domain='xyz.com')
# if `domain` argument isn't provided, it will
# use your computer's name
# set an alternative html body
msg.add_alternative("""\
<html>
<body>
<p>This is an HTML body.<br>
It also has an image.
</p>
<img src="cid:{image_cid}">
</body>
</html>
""".format(image_cid=image_cid[1:-1]), subtype='html')
# image_cid looks like <long.random.number@xyz.com>
# to use it as the img src, we don't need `<` or `>`
# so we use [1:-1] to strip them off
# now open the image and attach it to the email
with open('path/to/image.jpg', 'rb') as img:
# know the Content-Type of the image
maintype, subtype = mimetypes.guess_type(img.name)[0].split('/')
# attach it
msg.get_payload()[1].add_related(img.read(),
maintype=maintype,
subtype=subtype,
cid=image_cid)
# the message is ready now
# you can write it to a file
# or send it using smtplib
msg = MIMEMultipart()
来重现这个问题? - MrChadMWood.add_alternative()
方法会自动将其转换为 MIMEMultipart('alternative')
。 - undefined我意识到SMTP和电子邮件库中的一些事情是多么痛苦,我觉得我必须采取行动。 我创建了一个库,使将图像嵌入HTML变得更加容易:
from redmail import EmailSender
email = EmailSender(host="<SMTP HOST>", port=0)
email.send(
sender="me@example.com",
receivers=["you@example.com"]
subject="An email with image",
html="""
<h1>Look at this:</h1>
{{ my_image }}
""",
body_images={
"my_image": "path/to/image.png"
}
)
email.send(
sender="me@example.com",
receivers=["you@example.com"]
subject="An email with image",
html="""
<h1>Look at this:</h1>
<img src="{{ my_image.src }}" width=200 height=300>
""",
body_images={
"my_image": "path/to/image.png"
}
)
pip install redmail
这个邮件发送库很强大,它(希望)包含了所需的一切(还有更多),并且经过充分测试。我还编写了详尽的文档:https://red-mail.readthedocs.io/en/latest/,源代码可以在这里找到。
代码运行正常
att = MIMEImage(imgData)
att.add_header('Content-ID', f'<image{i}.{imgType}>')
att.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', f'image{i}.{imgType}')
att['Content-Disposition'] = f'inline; filename=image{i}.{imgType}'
msg.attach(att)
imgType
变量的定义,因此您的代码将引发异常。 - Charnel
MIMEText
构造函数 的第二个参数是子类型(默认为plain
,第二个实例是'html'
)。 - dtk`from email.mime.text import MIMEText` `from email.mime.image import MIMEImage` `from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart`
- senya