我一直在使用RSpec的'authenticate'方法时出现NoMethodError问题。下面是我的代码。我借鉴了Michael Hartl的Rails教程，因为我正在学习Rails和RSpec。
如Hartl的教程所述，我已将'has_secure_password'添加到我的User模型中，并成功创建了一个具有password_digest的User，因此该方法是可用的。测试结果出现错误。我不知道是否是我安装了错误的RSpec。之前我严格按照教程操作，没有遇到这个问题。你们有什么想法，为什么会出现这种情况？
我的User_spec.rb：
require 'spec_helper'
describe User do
before do
@user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com")
end
subject { @user }
it { should respond_to(:name) }
it { should respond_to(:email) }
it { should respond_to(:password_digest) }
it { should respond_to(:password) }
it { should respond_to(:password_confirmation) }
it { should respond_to(:authenticate) }
it { should be_valid }
describe "when name is not present" do
before { @user.name = ' ' }
it { should_not be_valid}
end
describe "name is too long" do
before { @user.name = "a" * 51 }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when email format is valid" do
it "should be valid" do
addresses = %w[user@foo.COM A_US-ER@f.b.org frst.lst@foo.jp a+b@baz.cn]
addresses.each do |valid_address|
@user.email = valid_address
@user.should be_valid
end
end
end
describe "when email format is invalid" do
it "should be invalid" do
addresses = %w[user@foo,com user_at_foo.org example.user@foo.
foo@bar_baz.com foo@bar+baz.com]
addresses.each do |invalid_address|
@user.email = invalid_address
@user.should_not be_valid
end
end
end
describe "when email is taken" do
before do
user_with_same_email = @user.dup
user_with_same_email.email = @user.email.upcase
user_with_same_email.save
end
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when password is not present" do
before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = " " }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when password doesn't match confirm" do
before { @user.password_confirmation = "mismatch" }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when password confirm is nil" do
before { @user.password_confirmation = nil }
it { should be_invalid }
end
describe "with a password that's too short" do
before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = "a" * 5 }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "return value of authenticate method" do
before { @user.save }
let(:found_user) { User.find_by_email(@user.email) }
describe "with valid password" do
it { should == found_user.authenticate(@user.password) }
end
describe "with invalid password" do
let(:user_for_invalid_password) { found_user.authenticate("invalid") }
it { should_not == user_for_invalid_password }
specify { user_for_invalid_password.should be_false }
end
end
end
我的Gemfile：
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'rails', '3.2.13'
# To use ActiveModel has_secure_password
gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '3.0.1'
gem 'bootstrap-sass', '2.1'
# Bundle edge Rails instead:
# gem 'rails', :git => 'git://github.com/rails/rails.git'
group :development, :test do
gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.5'
gem 'rspec-rails', '2.11.0'
gem 'guard-rspec', '1.2.1'
gem 'guard-spork', '1.2.0'
gem 'childprocess', '0.3.6'
gem 'spork', '0.9.2'
end
group :development do
gem 'annotate', '2.5.0'
end
# Gems used only for assets and not required
# in production environments by default.
group :assets do
gem 'sass-rails', '3.2.5'
gem 'coffee-rails', '3.2.2'
gem 'uglifier', '1.2.3'
end
# See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', :platforms => :ruby
gem 'jquery-rails', '2.0.2'
group :test do
gem 'capybara', '1.1.2'
gem 'rb-inotify', '0.9'
gem 'libnotify', '0.5.9'
end
group :production do
gem 'pg', '0.12.2'
end
# To use Jbuilder templates for JSON
# gem 'jbuilder'
# Use unicorn as the app server
# gem 'unicorn'
# Deploy with Capistrano
# gem 'capistrano'
# To use debugger
# gem 'debugger'
我的用户模型：
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
attr_accessible :email, :name, :password, :password_confirmation
has_secure_password
before_save { |user| user.email = email.downcase }
validates :name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 50 }
VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-.]+\.[a-z]+\z/i
validates :email, presence: true,
uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false },
format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX }
validates :password, presence: true, length: { minimum: 6 }
validates :password_confirmation, presence: true
end
以下是我在 RSpec 中看到的错误：
1) User
Failure/Error: it { should be_valid }
expected valid? to return true, got false
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:29:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
2) User return value of authenticate method with invalid password
Failure/Error: let(:user_for_invalid_password) { found_user.authenticate("invalid") }
NoMethodError:
undefined method `authenticate' for nil:NilClass
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:101:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:104:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'
3) User return value of authenticate method with invalid password
Failure/Error: let(:user_for_invalid_password) { found_user.authenticate("invalid") }
NoMethodError:
undefined method `authenticate' for nil:NilClass
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:101:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:103:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'
4) User return value of authenticate method with valid password
Failure/Error: it { should == found_user.authenticate(@user.password) }
NoMethodError:
undefined method `authenticate' for nil:NilClass
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:97:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'
5) User when email format is valid should be valid
Failure/Error: @user.should be_valid
expected valid? to return true, got false
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:46:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:44:in `each'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:44:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>
更新：
按照以下方式编辑实例用户解决了问题：
before do
@user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com",
password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar")
end