我在一个表单上使用了这个组件并创建了10次。一切都还好，直到我尝试传递这个数字。然后它开始消耗系统资源。是否有任何方法可以创建这样的组件？这是为模拟器项目而设计的，需要8位来表示寄存器中的值。非常感谢您提供任何帮助、评论和想法。谢谢。
Delphi中的自定义控件创建
4
- killercode
2
1你提供的图片没有任何问题。可能背后的代码是另一回事，但我只能就你提供的内容发表意见。 - Chris Thornton
就像随时可以拖放一样，我不必每次需要它时都动态创建它，因为我需要大约50个左右。 - killercode
3个回答
22
我有些无聊，想要使用我的新 Delphi XE 玩一下，于是我为你制作了一个组件。它应该可以在老版本的 Delphi 中很好地工作。
你可以在此处下载：BitEditSample.zip
它是如何工作的？
- 它继承自 customcontrol，所以你可以使组件获得焦点。
- 它包含一个标签和复选框的数组。
- 每个复选框的位号存储在“tag”属性中。
- 每个复选框都有一个 onchange 处理程序，用于读取 tag，以确定需要操作哪个位。
如何使用它
- 它有一个“value”属性。如果更改它，复选框将会更新。
- 如果点击复选框，值会改变。
- 设置“caption”属性以更改显示“寄存器 X：”字样的文本。
- 你可以创建一个“onchange”事件处理程序，这样当值改变（例如因为鼠标单击）时，你就会收到通知。
压缩文件包含一个组件、一个包和一个示例应用程序（包括编译好的exe文件，因此你可以快速尝试它）。
unit BitEdit;
interface
uses
SysUtils, Classes, Controls, StdCtrls, ExtCtrls;
type
TBitEdit = class(TCustomControl)
private
FValue : Byte; // store the byte value internally
FBitLabels : Array[0..7] of TLabel; // the 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 labels
FBitCheckboxes : Array[0..7] of TCheckBox;
FCaptionLabel : TLabel;
FOnChange : TNotifyEvent;
function GetValue: byte;
procedure SetValue(const aValue: byte);
procedure SetCaption(const aValue: TCaption);
procedure SetOnChange(const aValue: TNotifyEvent);
function GetCaption: TCaption;
{ Private declarations }
protected
{ Protected declarations }
procedure DoBitCheckboxClick(Sender:TObject);
procedure UpdateGUI;
procedure DoOnChange;
public
constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent); override;
{ Public declarations }
published
property Value:byte read GetValue write SetValue;
property Caption:TCaption read GetCaption write SetCaption;
property OnChange:TNotifyEvent read FOnChange write SetOnChange;
end;
procedure Register;
implementation
procedure Register;
begin
RegisterComponents('Samples', [TBitEdit]);
end;
{ TBitEdit }
constructor TBitEdit.Create(AOwner: TComponent);
var
I:Integer;
begin
inherited;
Width := 193;
Height := 33;
FCaptionLabel := TLabel.Create(self);
FCaptionLabel.Left := 0;
FCaptionLabel.Top := 10;
FCaptionLabel.Caption := 'Register X :';
FCaptionLabel.Width := 60;
FCaptionLabel.Parent := self;
FCaptionLabel.Show;
for I := 0 to 7 do
begin
FBitCheckboxes[I] := TCheckBox.Create(self);
FBitCheckboxes[I].Parent := self;
FBitCheckboxes[I].Left := 5 + FCaptionLabel.Width + (16 * I);
FBitCheckboxes[I].Top := 14;
FBitCheckboxes[I].Caption := '';
FBitCheckboxes[I].Tag := 7-I;
FBitCheckboxes[I].Hint := 'bit ' + IntToStr(FBitCheckboxes[I].Tag);
FBitCheckboxes[I].OnClick := DoBitCheckboxClick;
end;
for I := 0 to 7 do
begin
FBitLabels[I] := TLabel.Create(Self);
FBitLabels[I].Parent := self;
FBitLabels[I].Left := 8 + FCaptionLabel.Width + (16 * I);
FBitLabels[I].Top := 0;
FBitLabels[I].Caption := '';
FBitLabels[I].Tag := 7-I;
FBitLabels[I].Hint := 'bit ' + IntToStr(FBitLabels[I].Tag);
FBitLabels[I].Caption := IntToStr(FBitLabels[I].Tag);
FBitLabels[I].OnClick := DoBitCheckboxClick;
end;
end;
procedure TBitEdit.DoBitCheckboxClick(Sender: TObject);
var
LCheckbox:TCheckbox;
FOldValue:Byte;
begin
if not (Sender is TCheckBox) then
Exit;
FOldValue := FValue;
LCheckbox := Sender as TCheckbox;
FValue := FValue XOR (1 shl LCheckbox.Tag);
if FOldValue <> FValue then
DoOnChange;
end;
procedure TBitEdit.DoOnChange;
begin
if Assigned(FOnChange) then
FOnChange(Self);
end;
function TBitEdit.GetCaption: TCaption;
begin
Result := FCaptionLabel.Caption;
end;
function TBitEdit.GetValue: byte;
begin
Result := FValue;
end;
procedure TBitEdit.SetCaption(const aValue: TCaption);
begin
FCaptionLabel.Caption := aValue;
end;
procedure TBitEdit.SetOnChange(const aValue: TNotifyEvent);
begin
FOnChange := aValue;
end;
procedure TBitEdit.SetValue(const aValue: byte);
begin
if aValue=FValue then
Exit;
FValue := aValue;
DoOnChange;
UpdateGUI;
end;
procedure TBitEdit.UpdateGUI;
var
I:Integer;
begin
for I := 0 to 7 do
FBitCheckboxes[I].Checked := FValue shr FBitCheckboxes[I].Tag mod 2 = 1;
end;
end.
资源
我猜测OP所面临的问题是反馈循环，即两个事件处理程序互相调用。
当使用更多的位编辑器时，其他资源似乎不会以异常的方式增加。 我已经使用了一个包含许多位编辑组件实例的应用程序进行了测试:
[MANY] | [1]
-------------------------+--------------
#Handles |
User : 314 | 35
GDI : 57 | 57
System : 385 | 385
#Memory |
Physical : 8264K | 7740K
Virtual : 3500K | 3482K
#CPU |
Kernel time: 0:00:00.468 | 0:00:00.125
User time : 0:00:00.109 | 0:00:00.062
- Wouter van Nifterick
7
那么，当有10个或更多这些控件时，资源使用情况如何？这就是引发问题的原因。这个答案对此有任何帮助吗？ - Rob Kennedy
@Rob：没错，我已经添加了一个关于资源的额外段落。 - Wouter van Nifterick
1下次你有点无聊的时候，我很乐意给你一些工作（当然是以你在这里使用的相同费率）。 - Lieven Keersmaekers
1@Rigel：确实，这就是为什么我从TCustomControl继承而不是TControl。请注意，标签本身并没有被继承。 - Wouter van Nifterick
1@WoutervanNifterick - 哦...当然...你是对的！ - Gabriel
显示剩余2条评论
19
我认为在表单上放置一百个复选框不应该成为问题。但是为了好玩，我刚写了一个组件，所有的绘制都是手动完成的，因此每个控件（也就是每8个复选框）只有一个窗口句柄。我的控件可以在启用视觉主题和禁用主题的情况下工作。它还是双缓冲的，并且完全没有闪烁。
unit ByteEditor;
interface
uses
Windows, SysUtils, Classes, Messages, Controls, Graphics, Themes, UxTheme;
type
TWinControlCracker = class(TWinControl); // because necessary method SelectNext is protected...
TByteEditor = class(TCustomControl)
private
{ Private declarations }
FTextLabel: TCaption;
FBuffer: TBitmap;
FValue: byte;
CheckboxRect: array[0..7] of TRect;
LabelRect: array[0..7] of TRect;
FSpacing: integer;
FVerticalSpacing: integer;
FLabelSpacing: integer;
FLabelWidth, FLabelHeight: integer;
FShowHex: boolean;
FHexPrefix: string;
FMouseHoverIndex: integer;
FKeyboardFocusIndex: integer;
FOnChange: TNotifyEvent;
FManualLabelWidth: integer;
FAutoLabelSize: boolean;
FLabelAlignment: TAlignment;
procedure SetTextLabel(const TextLabel: TCaption);
procedure SetValue(const Value: byte);
procedure SetSpacing(const Spacing: integer);
procedure SetVerticalSpacing(const VerticalSpacing: integer);
procedure SetLabelSpacing(const LabelSpacing: integer);
procedure SetShowHex(const ShowHex: boolean);
procedure SetHexPrefix(const HexPrefix: string);
procedure SetManualLabelWidth(const ManualLabelWidth: integer);
procedure SetAutoLabelSize(const AutoLabelSize: boolean);
procedure SetLabelAlignment(const LabelAlignment: TAlignment);
procedure UpdateMetrics;
protected
{ Protected declarations }
constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent); override;
destructor Destroy; override;
procedure Paint; override;
procedure WndProc(var Msg: TMessage); override;
procedure MouseDown(Button: TMouseButton; Shift: TShiftState; X: Integer; Y: Integer); override;
procedure MouseMove(Shift: TShiftState; X: Integer; Y: Integer); override;
procedure MouseUp(Button: TMouseButton; Shift: TShiftState; X: Integer; Y: Integer); override;
procedure KeyDown(var Key: Word; Shift: TShiftState); override;
procedure KeyUp(var Key: Word; Shift: TShiftState); override;
public
{ Public declarations }
published
{ Published declarations }
property Color;
property LabelAlignment: TAlignment read FLabelAlignment write SetLabelAlignment default taRightJustify;
property AutoLabelSize: boolean read FAutoLabelSize write SetAutoLabelSize default true;
property ManualLabelWidth: integer read FManualLabelWidth write SetManualLabelWidth default 64;
property TextLabel: TCaption read FTextLabel write SetTextLabel;
property Value: byte read FValue write SetValue default 0;
property Spacing: integer read FSpacing write SetSpacing default 3;
property VerticalSpacing: integer read FVerticalSpacing write SetVerticalSpacing default 3;
property LabelSpacing: integer read FLabelSpacing write SetLabelSpacing default 8;
property ShowHex: boolean read FShowHex write SetShowHex default false;
property HexPrefix: string read FHexPrefix write SetHexPrefix;
property TabOrder;
property TabStop;
property OnChange: TNotifyEvent read FOnChange write FOnChange;
end;
procedure Register;
implementation
const
PowersOfTwo: array[0..7] of byte = (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128); // PowersOfTwo[n] := 2^n
BasicCheckbox: TThemedElementDetails = (Element: teButton; Part: BP_CHECKBOX; State: CBS_UNCHECKEDNORMAL);
procedure Register;
begin
RegisterComponents('Rejbrand 2009', [TByteEditor]);
end;
function IsIntInInterval(x, xmin, xmax: integer): boolean; inline;
begin
IsIntInInterval := (xmin <= x) and (x <= xmax);
end;
function PointInRect(const Point: TPoint; const Rect: TRect): boolean; inline;
begin
PointInRect := IsIntInInterval(Point.X, Rect.Left, Rect.Right) and
IsIntInInterval(Point.Y, Rect.Top, Rect.Bottom);
end;
function GrowRect(const Rect: TRect): TRect;
begin
result.Left := Rect.Left - 1;
result.Top := Rect.Top - 1;
result.Right := Rect.Right + 1;
result.Bottom := Rect.Bottom + 1;
end;
{ TByteEditor }
constructor TByteEditor.Create(AOwner: TComponent);
begin
inherited;
FLabelAlignment := taRightJustify;
FManualLabelWidth := 64;
FAutoLabelSize := true;
FTextLabel := 'Register:';
FValue := 0;
FSpacing := 3;
FVerticalSpacing := 3;
FLabelSpacing := 8;
FMouseHoverIndex := -1;
FKeyboardFocusIndex := 7;
FHexPrefix := '$';
FShowHex := false;
FBuffer := TBitmap.Create;
end;
destructor TByteEditor.Destroy;
begin
FBuffer.Free;
inherited;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.KeyDown(var Key: Word; Shift: TShiftState);
begin
inherited;
case Key of
VK_TAB:
if TabStop then
begin
if ssShift in Shift then
if FKeyboardFocusIndex = 7 then
TWinControlCracker(Parent).SelectNext(Self, false, true)
else
inc(FKeyboardFocusIndex)
else
if FKeyboardFocusIndex = 0 then
TWinControlCracker(Parent).SelectNext(Self, true, true)
else
dec(FKeyboardFocusIndex);
Paint;
end;
VK_SPACE:
SetValue(FValue xor PowersOfTwo[FKeyboardFocusIndex]);
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.KeyUp(var Key: Word; Shift: TShiftState);
begin
inherited;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.MouseDown(Button: TMouseButton; Shift: TShiftState; X,
Y: Integer);
begin
inherited;
if TabStop then SetFocus;
FKeyboardFocusIndex := FMouseHoverIndex;
Paint;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.MouseMove(Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
var
i: Integer;
OldIndex: integer;
begin
inherited;
OldIndex := FMouseHoverIndex;
FMouseHoverIndex := -1;
for i := 0 to 7 do
if PointInRect(point(X, Y), CheckboxRect[i]) then
begin
FMouseHoverIndex := i;
break;
end;
if FMouseHoverIndex <> OldIndex then
Paint;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.MouseUp(Button: TMouseButton; Shift: TShiftState; X,
Y: Integer);
begin
inherited;
Paint;
if (FMouseHoverIndex <> -1) and (Button = mbLeft) then
begin
SetValue(FValue xor PowersOfTwo[FMouseHoverIndex]);
if Assigned(FOnChange) then
FOnChange(Self);
end;
end;
const
DTAlign: array[TAlignment] of cardinal = (DT_LEFT, DT_RIGHT, DT_CENTER);
procedure TByteEditor.Paint;
var
details: TThemedElementDetails;
i: Integer;
TextRect: TRect;
HexStr: string;
begin
inherited;
FBuffer.Canvas.Brush.Color := Color;
FBuffer.Canvas.FillRect(ClientRect);
TextRect := Rect(0, 0, FLabelWidth, Height);
DrawText(FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, FTextLabel, length(FTextLabel), TextRect,
DT_SINGLELINE or DT_VCENTER or DTAlign[FLabelAlignment] or DT_NOCLIP);
for i := 0 to 7 do
begin
if ThemeServices.ThemesEnabled then
with details do
begin
Element := teButton;
Part := BP_CHECKBOX;
if FMouseHoverIndex = i then
if csLButtonDown in ControlState then
if FValue and PowersOfTwo[i] <> 0 then
State := CBS_CHECKEDPRESSED
else
State := CBS_UNCHECKEDPRESSED
else
if FValue and PowersOfTwo[i] <> 0 then
State := CBS_CHECKEDHOT
else
State := CBS_UNCHECKEDHOT
else
if FValue and PowersOfTwo[i] <> 0 then
State := CBS_CHECKEDNORMAL
else
State := CBS_UNCHECKEDNORMAL;
ThemeServices.DrawElement(FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, details, CheckboxRect[i]);
end
else
begin
if FMouseHoverIndex = i then
if csLButtonDown in ControlState then
if FValue and PowersOfTwo[i] <> 0 then
DrawFrameControl(FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, CheckboxRect[i], DFC_BUTTON, DFCS_BUTTONCHECK or DFCS_CHECKED or DFCS_PUSHED)
else
DrawFrameControl(FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, CheckboxRect[i], DFC_BUTTON, DFCS_BUTTONCHECK or DFCS_PUSHED)
else
if FValue and PowersOfTwo[i] <> 0 then
DrawFrameControl(FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, CheckboxRect[i], DFC_BUTTON, DFCS_BUTTONCHECK or DFCS_CHECKED or DFCS_HOT)
else
DrawFrameControl(FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, CheckboxRect[i], DFC_BUTTON, DFCS_BUTTONCHECK or DFCS_HOT)
else
if FValue and PowersOfTwo[i] <> 0 then
DrawFrameControl(FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, CheckboxRect[i], DFC_BUTTON, DFCS_BUTTONCHECK or DFCS_CHECKED)
else
DrawFrameControl(FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, CheckboxRect[i], DFC_BUTTON, DFCS_BUTTONCHECK)
end;
TextRect := LabelRect[i];
DrawText(FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, IntToStr(i), 1, TextRect, DT_SINGLELINE or DT_TOP or DT_CENTER or DT_NOCLIP);
end;
if Focused then
DrawFocusRect(FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, GrowRect(CheckboxRect[FKeyboardFocusIndex]));
if FShowHex then
begin
TextRect.Left := CheckboxRect[7].Left;
TextRect.Right := CheckboxRect[0].Right;
TextRect.Top := CheckboxRect[7].Bottom + FVerticalSpacing;
TextRect.Bottom := TextRect.Top + FLabelHeight;
HexStr := 'Value = ' + IntToStr(FValue) + ' (' + FHexPrefix + IntToHex(FValue, 2) + ')';
DrawText(FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, HexStr, length(HexStr), TextRect,
DT_SINGLELINE or DT_CENTER or DT_NOCLIP);
end;
BitBlt(Canvas.Handle, 0, 0, Width, Height, FBuffer.Canvas.Handle, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
end;
procedure TByteEditor.SetShowHex(const ShowHex: boolean);
begin
if ShowHex <> FShowHex then
begin
FShowHex := ShowHex;
Paint;
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.SetSpacing(const Spacing: integer);
begin
if Spacing <> FSpacing then
begin
FSpacing := Spacing;
UpdateMetrics;
Paint;
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.SetVerticalSpacing(const VerticalSpacing: integer);
begin
if VerticalSpacing <> FVerticalSpacing then
begin
FVerticalSpacing := VerticalSpacing;
UpdateMetrics;
Paint;
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.SetAutoLabelSize(const AutoLabelSize: boolean);
begin
if FAutoLabelSize <> AutoLabelSize then
begin
FAutoLabelSize := AutoLabelSize;
UpdateMetrics;
Paint;
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.SetHexPrefix(const HexPrefix: string);
begin
if not SameStr(FHexPrefix, HexPrefix) then
begin
FHexPrefix := HexPrefix;
Paint;
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.SetLabelAlignment(const LabelAlignment: TAlignment);
begin
if FLabelAlignment <> LabelAlignment then
begin
FLabelAlignment := LabelAlignment;
Paint;
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.SetLabelSpacing(const LabelSpacing: integer);
begin
if LabelSpacing <> FLabelSpacing then
begin
FLabelSpacing := LabelSpacing;
UpdateMetrics;
Paint;
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.SetManualLabelWidth(const ManualLabelWidth: integer);
begin
if FManualLabelWidth <> ManualLabelWidth then
begin
FManualLabelWidth := ManualLabelWidth;
UpdateMetrics;
Paint;
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.SetTextLabel(const TextLabel: TCaption);
begin
if not SameStr(TextLabel, FTextLabel) then
begin
FTextLabel := TextLabel;
UpdateMetrics;
Paint;
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.SetValue(const Value: byte);
begin
if Value <> FValue then
begin
FValue := Value;
Paint;
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.WndProc(var Msg: TMessage);
begin
inherited;
case Msg.Msg of
WM_GETDLGCODE:
Msg.Result := Msg.Result or DLGC_WANTTAB or DLGC_WANTARROWS or DLGC_WANTALLKEYS;
WM_ERASEBKGND:
Msg.Result := 1;
WM_SIZE:
begin
UpdateMetrics;
Paint;
end;
WM_SETFOCUS, WM_KILLFOCUS:
Paint;
end;
end;
procedure TByteEditor.UpdateMetrics;
var
CheckboxWidth, CheckboxHeight: integer;
i: Integer;
begin
FBuffer.SetSize(Width, Height);
FBuffer.Canvas.Font.Assign(Font);
with FBuffer.Canvas.TextExtent(FTextLabel) do
begin
if FAutoLabeLSize then
FLabelWidth := cx
else
FLabelWidth := FManualLabelWidth;
FLabelHeight := cy;
end;
CheckboxWidth := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXMENUCHECK);
CheckboxHeight := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYMENUCHECK);
for i := 0 to 7 do
begin
with CheckboxRect[i] do
begin
Left := (FLabelWidth + FLabelSpacing) + (7-i) * (CheckboxWidth + FSpacing);
Right := Left + CheckboxWidth;
Top := (Height - (CheckboxHeight)) div 2;
Bottom := Top + CheckboxHeight;
end;
LabelRect[i].Left := CheckboxRect[i].Left;
LabelRect[i].Right := CheckboxRect[i].Right;
LabelRect[i].Top := CheckboxRect[i].Top - FLabelHeight - FVerticalSpacing;
LabelRect[i].Bottom := CheckboxRect[i].Top;
end;
Width := (FLabelWidth + FLabelSpacing) + 8 * (CheckboxWidth + FSpacing);
end;
end.
示例：
- Andreas Rejbrand
17
太神奇了，小事一桩，TabStop 属性无法正常工作，但仍可在复选框上使用它。非常感谢，现在我有一些代码可以阅读和使用，并且还有一些人要感谢。 - killercode
with CheckboxRect[i] do
begin
Top := ((Height - (CheckboxHeight)) div 2) + ((CheckboxHeight + VerticalSpacing) div 2);
我认为这行代码将会把标题和复选框的文字垂直居中对齐，但我不确定这是否是最佳方法。 - killercode
1@killercode：是的，我只是觉得如果数字放在标签和复选框上方会更好看一些。但你可以按照自己的喜好来做。 - Andreas Rejbrand
@killercode：如果 TabStop 为 false，现在控件将不会在单击时获得焦点。 - Andreas Rejbrand
哦，原来StackOverflow是这样工作的，抱歉，我不知道，所以我只需要在答案下面点击那个打勾的图标就可以了？ - killercode
显示剩余12条评论
2
按难易程度排序，你有以下选项：
- 创建一个框架，并重用它。
- 创建一个复合控件（使用可能的面板、标签和复选框）。每个控件将处理自己的键盘/鼠标交互。
- 创建一个全新的控件 - 所有元素都使用适当的API绘制，所有键盘/鼠标交互都由控件代码处理。
- user160694
2
1如果资源使用是一个问题的话，那么只有选择3才会有帮助。 - Rob Kennedy
@Rob Kennedy：我刚刚实现了选项3。 - Andreas Rejbrand
网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的可以查看英文原文，
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