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在 Python 3.10 发布（2021-10-05）之后无法安装 Matplotlib。

python-3.xmatplotlibmodulepippython-3.10
4
在安装了Python 3.10版本后，我重新安装了我的模块，但遇到了一些问题。首先，我尝试使用pip安装Numpy，因为它是Matplotlib所需的一个必需库，但我遇到了以下问题：
ERROR: Failed building wheel for numpy
Failed to build numpy
ERROR: Could not build wheels for numpy which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

虽然失败了，但我尝试安装了Matplotlib。

    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\python.exe' -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-6mmzj8ln\\matplotlib_e4d8611ecbaa485193e456f5c8639d79\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-6mmzj8ln\\matplotlib_e4d8611ecbaa485193e456f5c8639d79\\setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base 'C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-pip-egg-info-x6onvveu'
         cwd: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-6mmzj8ln\matplotlib_e4d8611ecbaa485193e456f5c8639d79\
    Complete output (257 lines):
    WARNING: The wheel package is not available.
      ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
       command: 'C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\python.exe' 'C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpywamgc6e'
           cwd: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-1rd1a5_s\numpy_0a0aa0c0c565418fa8227e992c062b49
      Complete output (208 lines):
      setup.py:63: RuntimeWarning: NumPy 1.21.2 may not yet support Python 3.10.
        warnings.warn(
      Running from numpy source directory.
      C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-1rd1a5_s\numpy_0a0aa0c0c565418fa8227e992c062b49\tools\cythonize.py:69: DeprecationWarning: The distutils package is deprecated and slated for removal in Python 3.12. Use setuptools or check PEP 632 for potential alternatives
        from distutils.version import LooseVersion
      Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pxd.in
      Processing numpy/random\bit_generator.pyx
      Processing numpy/random\mtrand.pyx
      Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pyx.in
      Processing numpy/random\_common.pyx
      Processing numpy/random\_generator.pyx
      Processing numpy/random\_mt19937.pyx
      Processing numpy/random\_pcg64.pyx
      Processing numpy/random\_philox.pyx
      Processing numpy/random\_sfc64.pyx
      Cythonizing sources
      blas_opt_info:
      blas_mkl_info:
      No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils
      customize MSVCCompiler
        libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      blis_info:
        libraries blis not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      openblas_info:
        libraries openblas not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
      get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu', 'intelv', 'absoft', 'compaqv', 'intelev', 'gnu95', 'g95', 'intelvem', 'intelem', 'flang']'
      customize GnuFCompiler
      Could not locate executable g77
      Could not locate executable f77
      customize IntelVisualFCompiler
      Could not locate executable ifort
      Could not locate executable ifl
      customize AbsoftFCompiler
      Could not locate executable f90
      customize CompaqVisualFCompiler
      Could not locate executable DF
      customize IntelItaniumVisualFCompiler
      Could not locate executable efl
      customize Gnu95FCompiler
      Could not locate executable gfortran
      Could not locate executable f95
      customize G95FCompiler
      Could not locate executable g95
      customize IntelEM64VisualFCompiler
      customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
      Could not locate executable efort
      Could not locate executable efc
      customize PGroupFlangCompiler
      Could not locate executable flang
      don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'nt'
        NOT AVAILABLE

      accelerate_info:
        NOT AVAILABLE

      atlas_3_10_blas_threads_info:
      Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
        libraries tatlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      atlas_3_10_blas_info:
        libraries satlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      atlas_blas_threads_info:
      Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
        libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      atlas_blas_info:
        libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-1rd1a5_s\numpy_0a0aa0c0c565418fa8227e992c062b49\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:2026: UserWarning:
          Optimized (vendor) Blas libraries are not found.
          Falls back to netlib Blas library which has worse performance.
          A better performance should be easily gained by switching
          Blas library.
        if self._calc_info(blas):
      blas_info:
        libraries blas not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-1rd1a5_s\numpy_0a0aa0c0c565418fa8227e992c062b49\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:2026: UserWarning:
          Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
          Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
          numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
          the BLAS environment variable.
        if self._calc_info(blas):
      blas_src_info:
        NOT AVAILABLE

      C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-1rd1a5_s\numpy_0a0aa0c0c565418fa8227e992c062b49\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:2026: UserWarning:
          Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
          Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
          numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
          the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
        if self._calc_info(blas):
        NOT AVAILABLE

      non-existing path in 'numpy\\distutils': 'site.cfg'
      lapack_opt_info:
      lapack_mkl_info:
        libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      openblas_lapack_info:
        libraries openblas not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      openblas_clapack_info:
        libraries openblas,lapack not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      flame_info:
        libraries flame not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      atlas_3_10_threads_info:
      Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
        libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
        libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
        libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
      <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_threads_info'>
        NOT AVAILABLE

      atlas_3_10_info:
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
        libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
        libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
        libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
      <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_info'>
        NOT AVAILABLE

      atlas_threads_info:
      Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
        libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
        libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
        libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
      <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info'>
        NOT AVAILABLE

      atlas_info:
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
        libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
        libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\
        libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
        libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\libs
      <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info'>
        NOT AVAILABLE

      lapack_info:
        libraries lapack not found in ['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\libs']
        NOT AVAILABLE

      C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-1rd1a5_s\numpy_0a0aa0c0c565418fa8227e992c062b49\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1858: UserWarning:
          Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
          Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
          numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
          the LAPACK environment variable.
        return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
      lapack_src_info:
        NOT AVAILABLE

      C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-1rd1a5_s\numpy_0a0aa0c0c565418fa8227e992c062b49\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1858: UserWarning:
          Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
          Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
          numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
          the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
        return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
        NOT AVAILABLE

      numpy_linalg_lapack_lite:
        FOUND:
          language = c
          define_macros = [('HAVE_BLAS_ILP64', None), ('BLAS_SYMBOL_SUFFIX', '64_')]

      Warning: attempted relative import with no known parent package
      C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\distutils\dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
        warnings.warn(msg)
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running config_cc
      unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
      running config_fc
      unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
      running build_src
      build_src
      building py_modules sources
      creating build
      creating build\src.win-amd64-3.10
      creating build\src.win-amd64-3.10\numpy
      creating build\src.win-amd64-3.10\numpy\distutils
      building library "npymath" sources
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Build Tools for Visual Studio": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/
      ----------------------------------------
      ERROR: Failed building wheel for numpy
    ERROR: Failed to build one or more wheels
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 75, in fetch_build_egg
        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\subprocess.py", line 369, in check_call
        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
    subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\python.exe', '-m', 'pip', '--disable-pip-version-check', 'wheel', '--no-deps', '-w', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmpsew9x6oz', '--quiet', 'numpy>=1.16']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

    The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-6mmzj8ln\matplotlib_e4d8611ecbaa485193e456f5c8639d79\setup.py", line 258, in <module>
        setup(  # Finally, pass this all along to distutils to do the heavy lifting.
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 152, in setup
        _install_setup_requires(attrs)
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 147, in _install_setup_requires
        dist.fetch_build_eggs(dist.setup_requires)
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 785, in fetch_build_eggs
        resolved_dists = pkg_resources.working_set.resolve(
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 766, in resolve
        dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1051, in best_match
        return self.obtain(req, installer)
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1063, in obtain
        return installer(requirement)
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 844, in fetch_build_egg
        return fetch_build_egg(self, req)
      File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 77, in fetch_build_egg
        raise DistutilsError(str(e)) from e
    distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Command '['C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\python.exe', '-m', 'pip', '--disable-pip-version-check', 'wheel', '--no-deps', '-w', 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmpsew9x6oz', '--quiet', 'numpy>=1.16']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

    Edit setup.cfg to change the build options; suppress output with --quiet.

    BUILDING MATPLOTLIB
      matplotlib: yes [3.4.2]
          python: yes [3.10.0 (tags/v3.10.0:b494f59, Oct  4 2021, 19:00:18) [MSC
                      v.1929 64 bit (AMD64)]]
        platform: yes [win32]
           tests: no  [skipping due to configuration]
          macosx: no  [Mac OS-X only]

    ----------------------------------------
WARNING: Discarding https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/60/d3/286925802edaeb0b8834425ad97c9564ff679eb4208a184533969aa5fc29/matplotlib-3.4.2.tar.gz#sha256=d8d994cefdff9aaba45166eb3de4f5211adb4accac85cbf97137e98f26ea0219 (from https://pypi.org/simple/matplotlib/) (requires-python:>=3.7). Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.

我也尝试过像这样从源代码安装，但是遇到了相同的错误：
git clone https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib.git
cd matplotlib
python -m pip install -e .

我有做错什么吗？

matplotlib需要pyqt，而pyqt需要Python <= 3.9：matplotlib -> pyqt -> python[version='2.7.*|3.6.*|>=3.6|>=3|<3|3.8.*|3.7.*|3.9.*']和matplotlib -> python[version='3.4.*|3.5.*|>=2.7,<2.8.0a0|>=3.5,<3.6.0a0|>=3.6,<3.7.0a0|>=3.7,<3.8.0a0|>=3.8,<3.9.0a0|>=3.9,<3.10.0a0']。 - Trenton McKinney
1
Python 3.10 最近发布。目前不要期望所有库都已经移植到它上面。在需要使用的库支持 Python 3.10 之前，不要切换到该版本。 - Mark Tolonen
2个回答
4
正如其他人所述，Python 3.10目前与Matplotlib不兼容。在支持之前，您需要安装和使用Python 3.9。在此之前，您有几个选择：

Windows

您可以使用Python Launcher for Windows (py.exe)脚本来选择要运行的Python版本，例如：

py.exe 脚本帮助： py -h

列出所有已安装的版本 py -0

使用指定版本 py -3.9

例如1 使用python 3.9创建虚拟环境 py -3.9 venv .venv

例如2 使用python 3.9安装matplotlib py -3.9 -m pip install matplotlib

Linux

在Linux上，您可以像以下方式运行任何Python版本：

python3.9

您可以设置一个本地（您的工作目录和所有子目录）虚拟环境，如下所示，它将使用您指定的版本： python3.9 -m venv .venv
这将在本地目录中设置所使用的Python版本为3.9，并允许您每次需要时键入"python"而不是"python3.9"。 Rotareti在此处发布了另一篇相关且有用的文章 here。
请注意，我没有详细描述如何激活和使用Python虚拟环境，在使用它们方面获取更多信息，请阅读Python docs。
如果您想安装matplotlib的发行候选版，请参考answer。
-1

python -m pip install -ve

再加上一些额外的字符，以便它能够通过。

1
你的回答可以通过提供更多支持信息来改进。请编辑以添加进一步的细节，例如引用或文档，以便他人可以确认你的答案是正确的。您可以在帮助中心找到有关如何编写良好答案的更多信息。 - Community
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