我该如何在JTextPane中将每个字符设置为不同的颜色/背景颜色？

Question

我已经搜索了一段时间，到目前为止，我只能找到如何创建样式并将其应用于字符的方法，如下所示：

StyledDocument doc = (StyledDocument) new DefaultStyledDocument();
JTextPane textpane = new JTextPane(doc);
textpane.setText("Test");
javax.swing.text.Style style = textpane.addStyle("Red", null);
StyleConstants.setForeground(style, Color.RED);
doc.setCharacterAttributes(0, 1, textpane.getStyle("Red"), true); 

如果您的文档中只有几个样式，并且想按名称存储它们，以便以后轻松应用，那么这将非常有用。在我的应用程序中，我希望能够独立设置文本中每个字符的前景色（仅有几个值之一）和背景色（灰度，许多不同的值）。为此创建可能会有数百/数千种不同样式似乎是一个巨大的浪费。是否有一种方法可以设置这些属性，而无需每次都创建新样式？如果只需要呈现文本，那将更容易，但我也需要使其可编辑。是否可以使用JTextPane实现此功能，或者是否有其他swing类提供此功能？

- JaredL

Answer 1

如果你想要改变文本面板中每个字符的样式，这里有一种完全随机的方法可以做到。你需要为每个字符创建一个不同的属性集。由你来找到适当的组合（前景/背景对比度，字符大小差异不要太大等等）。你也可以存储已经应用过的不同样式，以便不重复使用相同的样式。

import java.awt.Color;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextPane;
import javax.swing.text.DefaultStyledDocument;
import javax.swing.text.SimpleAttributeSet;
import javax.swing.text.StyleConstants;
import javax.swing.text.StyledDocument;

public class TestDifferentStyles {
    private void initUI() {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame(TestDifferentStyles.class.getSimpleName());
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        StyledDocument doc = new DefaultStyledDocument();
        JTextPane textPane = new JTextPane(doc);
        textPane.setText("Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has "
                + "been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of "
                + "type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the "
                + "leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the"
                + " release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing "
                + "software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.");

        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < textPane.getDocument().getLength(); i++) {
            SimpleAttributeSet set = new SimpleAttributeSet();
            // StyleConstants.setBackground(set, new Color(random.nextInt(256), random.nextInt(256), random.nextInt(256)));
            StyleConstants.setForeground(set, new Color(random.nextInt(256), random.nextInt(256), random.nextInt(256)));
            StyleConstants.setFontSize(set, random.nextInt(12) + 12);
            StyleConstants.setBold(set, random.nextBoolean());
            StyleConstants.setItalic(set, random.nextBoolean());
            StyleConstants.setUnderline(set, random.nextBoolean());

            doc.setCharacterAttributes(i, 1, set, true);
        }

        frame.add(new JScrollPane(textPane));
        frame.setSize(500, 400);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                new TestDifferentStyles().initUI();
            }
        });
    }

}

- Guillaume Polet

---

这段文本是否存在版权问题？我很想在SwingX测试工具中使用它 :-) - kleopatra

据我所知，“Lorem ipsum”已经存在500多年，因此属于公共领域。@kleopatra - Guillaume Polet

Answer 2

我不确定你的意思，但是你可以循环遍历JtextPane中的每个字符，并在该循环内迭代所有要突出显示的字母/字符等。使用if语句检查字符，然后相应地设置Style。

这是我制作的一个示例，我只为演示目的实现了字符h和w：

//necessary imports
import java.awt.Color;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JTextPane;
import javax.swing.text.DefaultStyledDocument;
import javax.swing.text.StyleConstants;
import javax.swing.text.StyledDocument;

public class Test {

    /**
     * Default constructor for Test.class
     */
    public Test() {
        initComponents();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        /**
         * Create GUI and components on Event-Dispatch-Thread
         */
        javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Test test = new Test();
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Initialize GUI and components (including ActionListeners etc)
     */
    private void initComponents() {
        JFrame jFrame = new JFrame();
        jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        StyledDocument doc = (StyledDocument) new DefaultStyledDocument();
        JTextPane textPane = new JTextPane(doc);
        textPane.setText("Hello, world! :)");

        //create necessary styles for various characters
        javax.swing.text.Style style = textPane.addStyle("Red", null);
        StyleConstants.setForeground(style, Color.RED);
        javax.swing.text.Style style2 = textPane.addStyle("Blue", null);
        StyleConstants.setForeground(style2, Color.BLUE);

        //create array of characters to check for and style
        String[] lettersToEdit = new String[]{"h", "w"};

        //create arraylist to hold each character in textPane
        ArrayList<String> strings = new ArrayList<>();

        //get all text
        String text = textPane.getText();

        //populate arraylist
        for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
            strings.add(text.charAt(i) + "");
        }

        //declare variabe to hold position
        int position = 0;

        for (String s1 : strings) {//for each character in the textpane text
            for (String s2 : lettersToEdit) {//for each character in array to check (lettersToEdit)
                if (s2.toLowerCase().equalsIgnoreCase(s1)) {//if there was a match

                    System.out.println("found a match: " + s1);
                    System.out.println("counter: " + position + "/" + (position + 1));

                    //check which chacacter we matched
                    if (s1.equalsIgnoreCase(lettersToEdit[0])) {
                        //set appropriate style
                        doc.setCharacterAttributes(position, 1, textPane.getStyle("Red"), true);
                    }
                    if (s1.equalsIgnoreCase(lettersToEdit[1])) {
                        doc.setCharacterAttributes(position, 1, textPane.getStyle("Blue"), true);
                    }
                }
            }
            //increase position after each character on textPane is parsed
            position++;
        }

        jFrame.add(textPane);
        //pack frame (size JFrame to match preferred sizes of added components and set visible
        jFrame.pack();
        jFrame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

- David Kroukamp

---

谢谢David。逐个设置每个字符并不是太麻烦，只是每个字符需要是新样式，很可能与任何其他字符都不共享。我需要对几千个字符进行此操作，因此可能需要数百种样式。我希望能够在不必每次添加新的命名样式的情况下完成这项工作。虽然只有一些前景颜色，但我想我可以把文本放在我自己渲染的背景上。 - JaredL

Answer 3

我认为你最好的做法是像编辑器中的高亮一样，不要追踪字符，而是使用模式，例如：

private static HashMap<Pattern, Color> patternColors;
private static String GENERIC_XML_NAME = "[A-Za-z]+[A-Za-z0-9\\-_]*(:[A-Za-z]+[A-Za-z0-9\\-_]+)?";
private static String TAG_PATTERN = "(</?" + GENERIC_XML_NAME + ")";
private static String TAG_END_PATTERN = "(>|/>)";
private static String TAG_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN = "(" + GENERIC_XML_NAME + ")\\w*\\=";
private static String TAG_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE = "\\w*\\=\\w*(\"[^\"]*\")";
private static String TAG_COMMENT = "(<\\!--[\\w ]*-->)";
private static String TAG_CDATA = "(<\\!\\[CDATA\\[.*\\]\\]>)";

private static final Color COLOR_OCEAN_GREEN = new Color(63, 127, 127);
private static final Color COLOR_WEB_BLUE = new Color(0, 166, 255);
private static final Color COLOR_PINK = new Color(127, 0, 127);

static {
    // NOTE: the order is important!
    patternColors = new LinkedHashMap<Pattern, Color>();
    patternColors.put(Pattern.compile(TAG_PATTERN), Color.BLUE); // COLOR_OCEAN_GREEN | Color.BLUE
    patternColors.put(Pattern.compile(TAG_CDATA), COLOR_WEB_BLUE);
    patternColors.put(Pattern.compile(TAG_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN), COLOR_PINK);
    patternColors.put(Pattern.compile(TAG_END_PATTERN), COLOR_OCEAN_GREEN);
    patternColors.put(Pattern.compile(TAG_COMMENT), Color.GRAY);
    patternColors.put(Pattern.compile(TAG_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE), COLOR_OCEAN_GREEN); //Color.BLUE | COLOR_OCEAN_GREEN
}




public XmlView(Element element) {

    super(element);

    // Set tabsize to 4 (instead of the default 8).
    getDocument().putProperty(PlainDocument.tabSizeAttribute, 4);
}

- jfajunior