如何在Bash脚本中检查某个软件是否已安装？

Question

如何在Bash脚本中检查某个软件是否已安装？

5

我想要检查软件清单中的软件是否已安装。如果没有安装，应该显示出来并使脚本中止/退出。如果我执行该脚本，则输出应如下所示：

  wget is not installed
  telnet is not installed

目前看起来是这样的：

  wget is not installed

再次执行脚本...

  telnet is not installed

目前的脚本正在检查安装的软件，并在当前检查的软件未安装时终止/退出。这不太好，因为您必须运行脚本多次才能确定并检查每个软件是否已安装：

  LINUX_DISTRIBUTATION=$(grep -Eo "(Debian|Ubuntu|RedHat|CentOS)" /etc/issue)

  # Debian / Ubuntu
  if [ -f /etc/debian_version ] || [ "$LINUX_DISTRIBUTATION" == "Debian" ] || [ "$LINUX_DISTRIBUTATION" == "Ubuntu" ]; then
          declare -a NEEDED_SOFTWARE_LIST=(bash rsync wget grep telnet sed)

          for SOFTWARE in ${NEEDED_SOFTWARE_LIST[@]}; do
                  dpkg -l | grep -i $SOFTWARE | head -1 | if [[ "$(cut -d ' ' -f 1)" != "ii" ]]; then
                          echo -e "[ ${Red}FAILED ${RCol}]\t$SOFTWARE is NOT installed completely! Please install it...\n";
                          exit 1;
                  fi
          done
  # RedHat / CentOS
  elif [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] || [ "$LINUX_DISTRIBUTATION" == "RedHat" ] || [ "$LINUX_DISTRIBUTATION" == "CentOS" ]; then
          declare -a NEEDED_SOFTWARE_LIST=(bash rsync wget grep telnet sed)

          for SOFTWARE in ${NEEDED_SOFTWARE_LIST[@]}; do
                  if [[ "$(rpm -q $SOFTWARE)" == "package $SOFTWARE is not installed" ]]; then
                          echo -e "[ ${Red}FAILED ${RCol}]\t$SOFTWARE is NOT installed completely! Please install it...\n";
                          exit 1;
                  fi
          done
  else
          echo "[ ${Red}FAILED ${RCol}]\tYour system is currently not supported by this script.";
          exit 1;
  fi

我认为我的解决方案不是最好的。有人能调整它吗？提前谢谢！:)

提示：我声明变量“NEEDED_SOFTWARE_LIST”两次，因为我认为我将需要两个软件列表数组，因为某些发行版需要其他软件包。

- user2966991

1个回答

网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的

可以查看英文原文，
原文链接

- Dmitry Alexandrov · Accepted Answer

如果软件包已安装，为什么要执行一项庞大的测试，而不是简单地检查某些实用程序的可用性呢？

SCRIPTNAME="${0##*/}"

warn() {
    printf >&2 "$SCRIPTNAME: $*\n"
}

iscmd() {
    command -v >&- "$@"
}

checkdeps() {
    local -i not_found
    for cmd; do
        iscmd "$cmd" || { 
            warn $"$cmd is not found"
            let not_found++
        }
    done
    (( not_found == 0 )) || {
        warn $"Install dependencies listed above to use $SCRIPTNAME"
        exit 1
    }
}

checkdeps wget rsync realpath

然而，如果您想检查Debian上是否安装了软件包，请不要再使用这个噩梦般的方法。

dpkg -l | grep -i $SOFTWARE | head -1 | if [[ "$(cut -d ' ' -f 1)" != "ii" ]]; then

使用

if dpkg -l $SOFTWARE; then