使用Android SDK发布多部分请求

Question

使用Android SDK发布多部分请求

androidhttpmultipartform-dataandroid-sdk-2.1

82

我尝试做一件我认为相对简单的事情：使用Android SDK将图像上传到服务器。我找到了很多示例代码：

http://groups.google.com/group/android-developers/browse_thread/thread/f9e17bbaf50c5fc/46145fcacd450e48

http://linklens.blogspot.com/2009/06/android-multipart-upload.html

但是两者对我都不起作用。我遇到的困惑是什么是真正需要进行多部分请求的东西。有没有最简单的方法来实现Android的多部分上传（上传图片）？

非常感谢任何帮助和建议！

- jpoz

你尝试过的方法有哪些问题？ - Christopher Orr

1

哦，好多问题啊。目前正在将从照片选择器返回的照片URI传递到一个文件中，以便我可以将其附加到MultipartEntity上。但我甚至不确定这是否是构建多端口请求的正确方式。 - jpoz

这真的是非常老的内容。有人需要使用现代库来回答这个问题，或者至少发布可行的代码！自从这个问题被提出以来的十年间，有太多的东西已经被废弃，我很难找到甚至可以编译的东西。 - SMBiggs

12个回答

48

MultiPartEntity已经被弃用了。现在有一种新的方法！你只需要从Apache网站上下载httpcore.jar(latest)和httpmime.jar(latest)。

try
{
    HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
    HttpPost post = new HttpPost(URL);

    MultipartEntityBuilder entityBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
    entityBuilder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);

    entityBuilder.addTextBody(USER_ID, userId);
    entityBuilder.addTextBody(NAME, name);
    entityBuilder.addTextBody(TYPE, type);
    entityBuilder.addTextBody(COMMENT, comment);
    entityBuilder.addTextBody(LATITUDE, String.valueOf(User.Latitude));
    entityBuilder.addTextBody(LONGITUDE, String.valueOf(User.Longitude));

    if(file != null)
    {
        entityBuilder.addBinaryBody(IMAGE, file);
    }

    HttpEntity entity = entityBuilder.build();
    post.setEntity(entity);
    HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
    HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
    result = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
    Log.v("result", result);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
    e.printStackTrace();
}

- Muhammad Babar

1

使用Builder是一个不错的选择，因为直接实例化已经被弃用了。 - npace

@muhammad babar，你能告诉我如何使用MultipartEntityBuilder上传多张图片吗？ - Menma

16

在 Android Studio 依赖中，使用以下代码引入 Apache HttpComponents 库：compile 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpmime:4.3.4' compile 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.3.2' - Tyler Davis

@MuhammadBabar 在这两行代码上抛出了错误：HttpEntity entity = entityBuilder.build(); post.setEntity(entity); - moDev

@MuhammadBabar 仍然是相同的结果。我已经添加了其他的jar包，但它仍然抛出相同的错误。 - moDev

显示剩余5条评论

16

这是我亲测可行的轻量级解决方案，没有使用外部HTTPCore等库。由于我遇到了64K方法的问题，所以我别无选择，只能避免使用HTTPCore库。

import java.util.List;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * This utility class provides an abstraction layer for sending multipart HTTP
 * POST requests to a web server.
 *
 * @author www.codejava.net
 */
public class MultipartUtility {
    private final String boundary;
    private static final String LINE_FEED = "\r\n";
    private HttpURLConnection httpConn;
    private String charset;
    private OutputStream outputStream;
    private PrintWriter writer;

    /**
     * This constructor initializes a new HTTP POST request with content type
     * is set to multipart/form-data
     *
     * @param requestURL
     * @param charset
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public MultipartUtility(String requestURL, String charset)
            throws IOException {
        this.charset = charset;

        // creates a unique boundary based on time stamp
        boundary = "===" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "===";

        URL url = new URL(requestURL);
        httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        httpConn.setUseCaches(false);
        httpConn.setDoOutput(true); // indicates POST method
        httpConn.setDoInput(true);
        httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
                "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
        httpConn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "CodeJava Agent");
        httpConn.setRequestProperty("Test", "Bonjour");
        outputStream = httpConn.getOutputStream();
        writer = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream, charset),
                true);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a form field to the request
     *
     * @param name  field name
     * @param value field value
     */
    public void addFormField(String name, String value) {
        writer.append("--" + boundary).append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"")
                .append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.append("Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" + charset).append(
                LINE_FEED);
        writer.append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.append(value).append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.flush();
    }

    /**
     * Adds a upload file section to the request
     *
     * @param fieldName  name attribute in <input type="file" name="..." />
     * @param uploadFile a File to be uploaded
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void addFilePart(String fieldName, File uploadFile)
            throws IOException {
        String fileName = uploadFile.getName();
        writer.append("--" + boundary).append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.append(
                "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + fieldName
                        + "\"; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"")
                .append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.append(
                "Content-Type: "
                        + URLConnection.guessContentTypeFromName(fileName))
                .append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.append("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary").append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.flush();

        FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(uploadFile);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
        int bytesRead = -1;
        while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        }
        outputStream.flush();
        inputStream.close();

        writer.append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.flush();
    }

    /**
     * Adds a header field to the request.
     *
     * @param name  - name of the header field
     * @param value - value of the header field
     */
    public void addHeaderField(String name, String value) {
        writer.append(name + ": " + value).append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.flush();
    }

    /**
     * Completes the request and receives response from the server.
     *
     * @return a list of Strings as response in case the server returned
     * status OK, otherwise an exception is thrown.
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public List<String> finish() throws IOException {
        List<String> response = new ArrayList<String>();

        writer.append(LINE_FEED).flush();
        writer.append("--" + boundary + "--").append(LINE_FEED);
        writer.close();

        // checks server's status code first
        int status = httpConn.getResponseCode();
        if (status == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    httpConn.getInputStream()));
            String line = null;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                response.add(line);
            }
            reader.close();
            httpConn.disconnect();
        } else {
            throw new IOException("Server returned non-OK status: " + status);
        }

        return response;
    }
}

使用方法

private void uploadMedia() {
        try {

            String charset = "UTF-8";
            File uploadFile1 = new File("/sdcard/myvideo.mp4");
            String requestURL = Data.BASE_URL+Data.URL_UPLOAD_REACTION_TEST;

            MultipartUtility multipart = new MultipartUtility(requestURL, charset);

//            multipart.addHeaderField("User-Agent", "CodeJava");
//            multipart.addHeaderField("Test-Header", "Header-Value");

            multipart.addFormField("friend_id", "Cool Pictures");
            multipart.addFormField("userid", "Java,upload,Spring");

            multipart.addFilePart("uploadedfile", uploadFile1);

            List<String> response = multipart.finish();

            Log.v("rht", "SERVER REPLIED:");

            for (String line : response) {
                Log.v("rht", "Line : "+line);

            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

接受上传的PHP代码

<?php

    $friend_id = $_REQUEST['friend_id'];
    $userid = $_REQUEST['userid'];

    echo 'friend_id : '.$friend_id. ' userid '.$userid;

    move_uploaded_file($_FILES['uploadedfile']['tmp_name'], "./uploads/".$_FILES["uploadedfile"]["name"]);

?>

- Rohit Mandiwal

对于这个边界，我的代码抛出了400 Bad Request错误。我将边界更改为boundary = "---" + System.currentTimeMillis()；然后请求在后端被正确解析。 - Prashant

为什么这个如此复杂呢……？并不是一个问题。只是很烦人，需要在这种环境中做这么多工作。 - Neo42

我使用这个方法成功了，但是不得不在addFilePart()中删除最后一个append(LINEFEED)。谢谢。 - David Wood

6

更加易用、轻量级（32k）和性能更出色：

Android异步Http客户端库：http://loopj.com/android-async-http/ 实现方法：如何使用Volley在Android中发送“multipart/form-data” POST请求

- Hpsaturn

loopj asynchttpclient库非常棒。但是如果您想同时上传多个文件，它会失败:S - Sebastian Breit

@Perroloco，你可能需要增加超时时间才能成功处理大型/多个文件。默认的超时时间可能太短了。你尝试过使用更长的超时时间吗？因为我已经成功地使用loopj一次发送了多个文件... - Chris

谢谢@Chris，我尝试了，但仍然失败了...我通过执行多个请求来解决了它。 - Sebastian Breit

1

loopj没有显示进度的选项，但上传文件非常好。 - vuhung3990

谢谢@Hpsatum，搜索持续了6个小时，最后这个解决方案非常好！！ - Iftikar Urrhman Khan

3

试试这个：

    public void SendMultipartFile() {
    Log.d(TAG, "UPLOAD: SendMultipartFile");
    DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
    HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost( <url> );

    File file = new File("/sdcard/spider.jpg");

    Log.d(TAG, "UPLOAD: setting up multipart entity");

    MultipartEntity mpEntity = new MultipartEntity(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
    Log.d(TAG, "UPLOAD: file length = " + file.length());
    Log.d(TAG, "UPLOAD: file exist = " + file.exists());

    try {
        mpEntity.addPart("datafile", new FileBody(file, "application/octet"));
        mpEntity.addPart("id", new StringBody("1"));
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
        Log.d(TAG, "UPLOAD: UnsupportedEncodingException");
        e1.printStackTrace();
    }

    httppost.setEntity(mpEntity);
    Log.d(TAG, "UPLOAD: executing request: " + httppost.getRequestLine());
    Log.d(TAG, "UPLOAD: request: " + httppost.getEntity().getContentType().toString());


    HttpResponse response;
    try {
        Log.d(TAG, "UPLOAD: about to execute");
        response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
        Log.d(TAG, "UPLOAD: executed");
        HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
        Log.d(TAG, "UPLOAD: respose code: " + response.getStatusLine().toString());
        if (resEntity != null) {
            Log.d(TAG, "UPLOAD: " + EntityUtils.toString(resEntity));
        }
        if (resEntity != null) {
            resEntity.consumeContent();
        }
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

- Jóni

1

这需要像之前的例子一样的第三方库。 - Lassi Kinnunen

使用以下代码在Android Studio中添加依赖项：compile 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpmime:4.3.4'和compile 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.3.2'。 - Tyler Davis

3

我强烈推荐Loopj。

我成功地使用它来一次性上传多个文件，包括不同的MIME类型。只需这样做：

File myVideo = new File("/path/to/myvideo.mp4");
File myPic = new File("/path/to/mypic.jpg");
RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
try {
  params.put("profile_picture", myPic);
  params.put("my_video", myVideo);
} catch(FileNotFoundException e) {}

对于大量或者较大的文件，您可能需要增加超时时间，否则将使用默认的超时时间，这可能太短：

client.setTimeout(500000) //make this the appropriate timeout in milliseconds

请查看以下链接，了解loopj的完整描述以及如何使用它，这是我目前遇到的最简单易用的异步http库：

http://loopj.com/android-async-http/ http://loopj.com/android-async-http/doc/com/loopj/android/http/AsyncHttpClient.html

- Chris

2

您可以使用GentleRequest进行http请求，它是一个轻量级的库(免责声明:我是作者):

Connections connections = new HttpConnections();
Binary binary = new PacketsBinary(new 
BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)), 
   file.length());
//Content-Type is set to multipart/form-data; boundary= 
//{generated by multipart object}
MultipartForm multipart = new HttpMultipartForm(
    new HttpFormPart("user", "aplication/json", 
       new JSONObject().toString().getBytes()),
    new HttpFormPart("java", "java.png", "image/png", 
       binary.content()));
Response response = connections.response(new 
    PostRequest(url, multipart));
if (response.hasSuccessCode()) {
    byte[] raw = response.body().value();
    String string = response.body().stringValue();
    JSONOBject json = response.body().jsonValue();
 } else {

 }

欢迎查看：https://github.com/Iprogrammerr/Gentle-Request

- Iprogrammerr

像个大佬一样…… - AKTanara

2

public class Multipart{
    private final Map<String, String> headrs;
    private String url;
    private HttpURLConnection con;
    private OutputStream os;

    private String delimiter = "--";
    private String boundary = "TRR" + Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis()) + "TRR";

    public Multipart (String url, Map<String, String> headers) {
        this.url = url;
        this.headrs = headers;
    }

    public void connectForMultipart() throws Exception {
        con = (HttpURLConnection) (new URL(url)).openConnection();
        con.setRequestMethod("POST");
        con.setDoInput(true);
        con.setDoOutput(true);
        con.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headrs.entrySet()) {
            con.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
        }
        con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
        con.connect();
        os = con.getOutputStream();
    }

    public void addFormPart(String paramName, String value) throws Exception {
        writeParamData(paramName, value);
    }

    public void addFilePart(String paramName, String fileName, byte[] data) throws Exception {
        os.write((delimiter + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes());
        os.write(("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + paramName + "\"; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"\r\n").getBytes());
        os.write(("Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n").getBytes());
        os.write(("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary\r\n").getBytes());
        os.write("\r\n".getBytes());

        os.write(data);

        os.write("\r\n".getBytes());
    }

    public void finishMultipart() throws Exception {
        os.write((delimiter + boundary + delimiter + "\r\n").getBytes());
    }


    public String getResponse() throws Exception {
        InputStream is = con.getInputStream();
        byte[] b1 = new byte[1024];
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();

        while (is.read(b1) != -1)
            buffer.append(new String(b1));

        con.disconnect();

        return buffer.toString();
    }


    private void writeParamData(String paramName, String value) throws Exception {


        os.write((delimiter + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes());
        os.write("Content-Type: text/plain\r\n".getBytes());//;charset=utf-8
        os.write(("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + paramName + "\"\r\n").getBytes());
        ;
        os.write(("\r\n" + value + "\r\n").getBytes());


    }
}

然后调用以下内容

Multipart multipart = new Multipart(url__, map);
            multipart .connectForMultipart();
multipart .addFormPart(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
multipart .addFilePart(KeyName, "FileName", imagedata);
multipart .finishMultipart();

- VV W

1

移除所有的httpclient、httpmime依赖项，添加这个依赖项compile 'commons-httpclient:commons-httpclient:3.1'。这个依赖项内置了MultipartRequestEntity，因此您可以轻松地将一个或多个文件上传到服务器。

public class FileUploadUrlConnection extends AsyncTask<String, String, String> {
private Context context;
private String url;
private List<File> files;

public FileUploadUrlConnection(Context context, String url, List<File> files) {
    this.context = context;
    this.url = url;
    this.files = files;
}

@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... params) {

    HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
    PostMethod post = new PostMethod(url);
    HttpClientParams connectionParams = new HttpClientParams();

    post.setRequestHeader(// Your header goes here );

    try {
        Part[] parts = new Part[files.size()];
        for (int i=0; i<files.size(); i++) {
            Part part = new FilePart(files.get(i).getName(), files.get(i));
            parts[i] = part;
        }

        MultipartRequestEntity entity = new MultipartRequestEntity(parts, connectionParams);

        post.setRequestEntity(entity);

        int statusCode = client.executeMethod(post);
        String response = post.getResponseBodyAsString();

        Log.v("Multipart "," "+response);
        if(statusCode == 200) {
            return response;
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } 
 return null;
}

您可以添加请求和响应超时时间。

client.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 10000);
client.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 10000);

- karthik vishnu kumar

0

如果您正在使用AOSP库Volley，这里有一个简单的方法。

按照以下方式扩展类Request<T>-

public class MultipartRequest extends Request<String> {
    private static final String FILE_PART_NAME = "file";
    private final Response.Listener<String> mListener;
    private final Map<String, File> mFilePart;
    private final Map<String, String> mStringPart;
    MultipartEntityBuilder entity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
    HttpEntity httpentity;

    public MultipartRequest(String url, Response.ErrorListener errorListener,
                            Response.Listener<String> listener, Map<String, File> file,
                            Map<String, String> mStringPart) {
        super(Method.POST, url, errorListener);
        mListener = listener;
        mFilePart = file;
        this.mStringPart = mStringPart;
        entity.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
        buildMultipartEntity();
    }

    public void addStringBody(String param, String value) {
        mStringPart.put(param, value);
    }

    private void buildMultipartEntity() {
        for (Map.Entry<String, File> entry : mFilePart.entrySet()) {
            // entity.addPart(entry.getKey(), new FileBody(entry.getValue(), ContentType.create("image/jpeg"), entry.getKey()));
            try {
                entity.addBinaryBody(entry.getKey(), Utils.toByteArray(new FileInputStream(entry.getValue())), ContentType.create("image/jpeg"), entry.getKey() + ".JPG");
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : mStringPart.entrySet()) {
            if (entry.getKey() != null && entry.getValue() != null) {
                entity.addTextBody(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getBodyContentType() {
        return httpentity.getContentType().getValue();
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] getBody() throws AuthFailureError {
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        try {
            httpentity = entity.build();
            httpentity.writeTo(bos);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            VolleyLog.e("IOException writing to ByteArrayOutputStream");
        }
        return bos.toByteArray();
    }

    @Override
    protected Response<String> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
        Log.d("Response", new String(response.data));
        return Response.success(new String(response.data), getCacheEntry());
    }

    @Override
    protected void deliverResponse(String response) {
        mListener.onResponse(response);
    }
}

您可以创建并添加请求，例如-

Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();
        params.put("name", name.getText().toString());
        params.put("email", email.getText().toString());
        params.put("user_id", appPreferences.getInt( Utils.PROPERTY_USER_ID, -1) + "");
        params.put("password", password.getText().toString());
        params.put("imageName", pictureName);
        Map<String, File> files = new HashMap<>();
        files.put("photo", new File(Utils.LOCAL_RESOURCE_PATH + pictureName));
        MultipartRequest multipartRequest = new MultipartRequest(Utils.BASE_URL + "editprofile/" + appPreferences.getInt(Utils.PROPERTY_USER_ID, -1), new Response.ErrorListener() {
            @Override
            public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                Log.d("Error: ", error.toString());
                FugaDialog.showErrorDialog(ProfileActivity.this);
            }
        }, new Response.Listener<String>() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(String jsonResponse) {
                JSONObject response = null;
                try {
                    Log.d("jsonResponse: ", jsonResponse);
                    response = new JSONObject(jsonResponse);

                } catch (JSONException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                try {
                    if (response != null && response.has("statusmessage") && response.getBoolean("statusmessage")) {
                        updateLocalRecord();

                    }
                } catch (JSONException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                FugaDialog.dismiss();
            }

        }, files, params);
        RequestQueue queue = Volley.newRequestQueue(this);
        queue.add(multipartRequest);

- Sanjeet A

网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的

可以查看英文原文，
原文链接

- vinzenzweber · Accepted Answer

更新于2014年4月29日：

我的回答已经有些过时了，我猜你更想使用某种高级别的库，比如Retrofit。

基于这篇博客，我想出了以下解决方案：http://blog.tacticalnuclearstrike.com/2010/01/using-multipartentity-in-android-applications/

你需要下载附加的库文件才能运行MultipartEntity！

1）从http://james.apache.org/download.cgi#Apache_Mime4J下载httpcomponents-client-4.1.zip，并将apache-mime4j-0.6.1.jar添加到你的项目中。

2）从http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi下载httpcomponents-client-4.1-bin.zip，并将httpclient-4.1.jar、httpcore-4.1.jar和httpmime-4.1.jar添加到你的项目中。

3）使用以下示例代码。

private DefaultHttpClient mHttpClient;


public ServerCommunication() {
    HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
    params.setParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.PROTOCOL_VERSION, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
    mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(params);
}


public void uploadUserPhoto(File image) {

    try {

        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("some url");

        MultipartEntity multipartEntity = new MultipartEntity(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);  
        multipartEntity.addPart("Title", new StringBody("Title"));
        multipartEntity.addPart("Nick", new StringBody("Nick"));
        multipartEntity.addPart("Email", new StringBody("Email"));
        multipartEntity.addPart("Description", new StringBody(Settings.SHARE.TEXT));
        multipartEntity.addPart("Image", new FileBody(image));
        httppost.setEntity(multipartEntity);

        mHttpClient.execute(httppost, new PhotoUploadResponseHandler());

    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.e(ServerCommunication.class.getName(), e.getLocalizedMessage(), e);
    }
}

private class PhotoUploadResponseHandler implements ResponseHandler<Object> {

    @Override
    public Object handleResponse(HttpResponse response)
            throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {

        HttpEntity r_entity = response.getEntity();
        String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(r_entity);
        Log.d("UPLOAD", responseString);

        return null;
    }

}