我对我的文本编辑器进行了一些非常严格的重构。现在代码量大大减少,组件扩展也更加容易。我广泛使用了面向对象设计,如抽象类和接口。然而,当涉及到读取非常大的记录数组时,我注意到了一些性能上的损失。问题在于当所有操作都发生在同一个对象内部时速度很快,但是通过接口来完成时速度很慢。我制作了一个最简单的程序来说明细节:
unit Unit3;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs;
const
N = 10000000;
type
TRecord = record
Val1, Val2, Val3, Val4: integer;
end;
TArrayOfRecord = array of TRecord;
IMyInterface = interface
['{C0070757-2376-4A5B-AA4D-CA7EB058501A}']
function GetArray: TArrayOfRecord;
property Arr: TArrayOfRecord read GetArray;
end;
TMyObject = class(TComponent, IMyInterface)
protected
FArr: TArrayOfRecord;
public
procedure InitArr;
function GetArray: TArrayOfRecord;
end;
TForm3 = class(TForm)
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form3: TForm3;
MyObject: TMyObject;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
procedure TForm3.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
i: Integer;
v1, v2, f: Int64;
MyInterface: IMyInterface;
begin
MyObject := TMyObject.Create(Self);
try
MyObject.InitArr;
if not MyObject.GetInterface(IMyInterface, MyInterface) then
raise Exception.Create('Note to self: Typo in the code');
QueryPerformanceCounter(v1);
// APPROACH 1: NO INTERFACE (FAST!)
// for i := 0 to high(MyObject.FArr) do
// if (MyObject.FArr[i].Val1 < MyObject.FArr[i].Val2) or
// (MyObject.FArr[i].Val3 < MyObject.FArr[i].Val4) then
// Tag := MyObject.FArr[i].Val1 + MyObject.FArr[i].Val2 - MyObject.FArr[i].Val3
// + MyObject.FArr[i].Val4;
// END OF APPROACH 1
// APPROACH 2: WITH INTERFACE (SLOW!)
for i := 0 to high(MyInterface.Arr) do
if (MyInterface.Arr[i].Val1 < MyInterface.Arr[i].Val2) or
(MyInterface.Arr[i].Val3 < MyInterface.Arr[i].Val4) then
Tag := MyInterface.Arr[i].Val1 + MyInterface.Arr[i].Val2 - MyInterface.Arr[i].Val3
+ MyInterface.Arr[i].Val4;
// END OF APPROACH 2
QueryPerformanceCounter(v2);
QueryPerformanceFrequency(f);
ShowMessage(FloatToStr((v2-v1) / f));
finally
MyInterface := nil;
MyObject.Free;
end;
end;
{ TMyObject }
function TMyObject.GetArray: TArrayOfRecord;
begin
result := FArr;
end;
procedure TMyObject.InitArr;
var
i: Integer;
begin
SetLength(FArr, N);
for i := 0 to N - 1 do
with FArr[i] do
begin
Val1 := Random(high(integer));
Val2 := Random(high(integer));
Val3 := Random(high(integer));
Val4 := Random(high(integer));
end;
end;
end.
直接读取数据时,我得到的时间是0.14秒。但是通过接口获取数据需要1.06秒。
有没有办法在这种新设计中实现与以前相同的性能?
值得一提的是,我尝试设置 PArrayOfRecord = ^TArrayOfRecord
,重新定义了IMyInterface.arr: PArrayOfRecord
并在for
循环中使用了Arr^
等操作。这确实有所帮助,时间缩短到了0.22秒。但仍然不够好。而且是什么让它变得如此缓慢呢?