WPF如何创建带有验证和绑定的自定义文本框

4
我正在开发一个自定义的货币编辑文本框。
我看到了一些现成的,但它们很复杂和/或不太可用,迫使你采用不良做法(例如硬编码控件上应该使用的名称)。
所以我决定自己做,但我在处理绑定选项时遇到了麻烦,因为分配给绑定属性的属性必须是十进制数,但TextBox控件的Text属性接受字符串。
我想到的答案是,也许可以覆盖基类(TextBox)中Text属性的访问方法(getter和setter),但这是不允许的。
我的绑定应该设置为值,该值将TextBox的Text属性格式化为文本(带有货币符号和其他所有内容),但在Get方法中将其转换回数字数据类型。
这是我目前取得的成果:
public class CurrencyTextBox : TextBox
    {
        private bool IsValidKey(Key key)
        {
            int k = (int)key;
            return ((k >= 34 && k <= 43) //digits 0 to 9
                || (k >= 74 && k <= 83) //numeric keypad 0 to 9
                || (k == 2) //back space
                || (k == 32) //delete
                );
        }
        private void Format()
        {
            //formatting decimal to currency text here
            //Done! no problems here
        }
        private void FormatBack()
        {
            //formatting currency text to decimal here
            //Done! no problems here
        }
        private void ValueChanged(object sender, TextChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.Format();
        }
        private void MouseClicked(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
        {
            this.Format();
            // Prevent changing the caret index
            this.CaretIndex = this.Text.Length;
            e.Handled = true;
        }
        private void MouseReleased(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
        {
            this.Format();
            // Prevent changing the caret index
            this.CaretIndex = this.Text.Length;
            e.Handled = true;
        }
        private void KeyPressed(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
        {
            if (IsValidKey(e.Key))
                e.Handled = true;
            if (Keyboard.Modifiers != ModifierKeys.None)
                return;
            this.Format();
        }
        private void PastingEventHandler(object sender, DataObjectEventArgs e)
        {
            // Prevent copy/paste
            e.CancelCommand();
        }
        public override void OnApplyTemplate()
        {
            base.OnApplyTemplate();
            // Disable copy/paste
            DataObject.AddCopyingHandler(this, PastingEventHandler);
            DataObject.AddPastingHandler(this, PastingEventHandler);
            this.CaretIndex = this.Text.Length;
            this.PreviewKeyUp += KeyPressed;
            this.PreviewMouseDown += MouseClicked;
            this.PreviewMouseUp += MouseReleased;
            this.TextChanged += ValueChanged;
            this.Format();
        }
    }

以下是 XAML 代码:

<MyNamespace:CurrencyTextBox x:Name="TxbCurrency" Text="{Binding Path=DataContext.Element.Currency, ValidatesOnDataErrors=True}" />

到目前为止,一切都很好!十进制属性到文本框文本的绑定是“正确的”。但是,如何在编辑后从文本获取十进制数现在是问题所在。
从十进制到.Text的绑定使用装箱来隐藏ToString()方法。
问题在这里: 在这种情况下,我如何重载Parse()方法,以使用我的FormatBack()方法从TextBox的Text中获取十进制数?


我应该让用户输入任何文本,即使是字符串,并在失去焦点时调用,如果他没有添加小数值。 - safi
我猜问题不太清楚。问题出在绑定上,而不是格式逻辑上。文本格式化已经没问题了... - Rafael Ravena Vicente
如果是这种情况,创建一个名为“Value”的新“依赖属性”,并将您的货币绑定到它。 - safi
4个回答

7

如果有人遇到同样的问题,以下是货币文本框的完整代码。随意使用、修改、出售(不过我认为它并没有太大价值)或者尽情玩耍!

/*
 * the necessary usings:
 * using System.Globalization;
 * using System.Windows;
 * using System.Windows.Controls;
 * using System.Windows.Input;
 * using System.Threading;
 * And don't forget to change the currency settings on the XAML
 * or in the defaults (on the contructor)
 * It's set by default to Brazilian Real (R$)
 */
public class CurrencyTextBox : TextBox
{
    public CurrencyTextBox()
    {
        CurrencySymbol = "R$ ";
        CurrencyDecimalPlaces = 2;
        DecimalSeparator = ",";
        ThousandSeparator = ".";
        Culture = "pt-BR";
    }
    public string CurrencySymbol { get; set; }
    private int CurrencyDecimalPlaces { get; set; }
    public string DecimalSeparator { get; set; }
    public string ThousandSeparator { get; set; }
    public string Culture { get; set; }
    private bool IsValidKey(int k)
    {
        return (k >= 34 && k <= 43) //digits 0 to 9
            || (k >= 74 && k <= 83) //numeric keypad 0 to 9
            || (k == 2) //back space
            || (k == 32) //delete
            ;
    }
    private string Format(string text)
    {
        string unformatedString = text == string.Empty ? "0,00" : text; //Initial state is always string.empty
        unformatedString = unformatedString.Replace(CurrencySymbol, ""); //Remove currency symbol from text
        unformatedString = unformatedString.Replace(DecimalSeparator, ""); //Remove separators (decimal)
        unformatedString = unformatedString.Replace(ThousandSeparator, ""); //Remove separators (thousands)
        decimal number = decimal.Parse(unformatedString) / (decimal)Math.Pow(10, CurrencyDecimalPlaces); //The value will have 'x' decimal places, so divide it by 10^x
        unformatedString = number.ToString("C", CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(Culture));
        return unformatedString;
    }
    private decimal FormatBack(string text)
    {
        string unformatedString = text == string.Empty ? "0.00" : text;
        unformatedString = unformatedString.Replace(CurrencySymbol, ""); //Remove currency symbol from text
        unformatedString = unformatedString.Replace(ThousandSeparator, ""); //Remove separators (thousands);
        CultureInfo current = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture; //Let's change the culture to avoid "Input string was in an incorrect format"
        Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(Culture);
        decimal returnValue = decimal.Parse(unformatedString);
        Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = current; //And now change it back, cuz we don't own the world, right?
        return returnValue;
    }
    private void ValueChanged(object sender, TextChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        // Keep the caret at the end
        this.CaretIndex = this.Text.Length;
    }
    private void MouseClicked(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
    {
        // Prevent changing the caret index
        e.Handled = true;
        this.Focus();
    }
    private void MouseReleased(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
    {
        // Prevent changing the caret index
        e.Handled = true;
        this.Focus();
    }
    private void KeyReleased(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
    {
        this.Text = Format(this.Text);
        this.Value = FormatBack(this.Text);
    }
    private void KeyPressed(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
    {
        if (IsValidKey((int)e.Key))
            return;
        e.Handled = true;
        this.CaretIndex = this.Text.Length;
    }
    private void PastingEventHandler(object sender, DataObjectEventArgs e)
    {
        // Prevent/disable paste
        e.CancelCommand();
    }
    public override void OnApplyTemplate()
    {
        base.OnApplyTemplate();
        DataObject.AddCopyingHandler(this, PastingEventHandler);
        DataObject.AddPastingHandler(this, PastingEventHandler);
        this.CaretIndex = this.Text.Length;
        this.KeyDown += KeyPressed;
        this.KeyUp += KeyReleased;
        this.PreviewMouseDown += MouseClicked;
        this.PreviewMouseUp += MouseReleased;
        this.TextChanged += ValueChanged;
        this.Text = Format(string.Empty);
    }
    public decimal? Value
    {
        get { return (decimal?)this.GetValue(ValueProperty); }
        set { this.SetValue(ValueProperty, value); }
    }
    public static readonly DependencyProperty ValueProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
        "Value",
        typeof(decimal?),
        typeof(CurrencyTextBox),
        new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(new decimal?(), FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.BindsTwoWayByDefault, new PropertyChangedCallback(ValuePropertyChanged)));
    private static void ValuePropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        ((CurrencyTextBox)d).Value = ((CurrencyTextBox)d).FormatBack(e.NewValue.ToString());
    }
}

还有 XAML:

<myNamespace:CurrencyTextBox
    Value="{Binding Path=DataContext.MyDecimalProperty, ValidatesOnDataErrors=True, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"
    CurrencySymbol="R$ "
    Culture="pt-BR"
    CurrencyDecimalPlaces="2"
    DecimalSeparator=","
    ThousandSeparator="." />

哇,这真的很有帮助!但我还有另一个问题:当我把这个控件放到我的 WPF 用户界面上时,绑定的初始值直到我显式地告诉控件更新才会显示出来。你的代码里是否有实现这种功能的方法?编辑: 我在 Value 的 Setter 中添加了以下内容: if(!this.IsFocused) this.Text = String.Format("{0:0.00}", value) - Leon Bohmann
为什么要添加事件处理程序而不是仅覆盖基本处理程序?为什么不使用“protected override void OnKeyUp(KeyEventArgs e)”而是“private void KeyReleased(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)”? - Jamie

5

像这样创建新的 依赖属性(Dependency Property)

public static readonly DependencyProperty ValueProperty = 
     DependencyProperty.Register(
         "Value", 
         typeof(decimal?),
         typeof(CurrencyTextBox),
         new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(
                     new decimal?(), 
                     FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.BindsTwoWayByDefault, 
                     new PropertyChangedCallback(ValuePropertyChanged)));

private static void ValuePropertyChanged(
                         DependencyObject d,
                         DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
    CurrencyTextBox x = (CurrencyTextBox)d;
    x.Value = (decimal?)e.NewValue;
}

然后绑定到这个新属性


1
这解决了问题。在ValuePropertyChanged()中,我使用FormatBack设置了Value属性,然后就完成了!点赞!由于我的“新手”声望,无法投票! - Rafael Ravena Vicente

0

看一下这篇文章,我认为它会对你有所帮助。 http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/15239/Validation-in-Windows-Presentation-Foundation

或者你可以放置这个

private static bool IsTextAllowed(string text)
{
    Regex regex = new Regex("[^0-9.-]+"); //regex that matches disallowed text
    return !regex.IsMatch(text);
}

在编程中,可以在PreviewTextInput事件中添加以下代码:

e.Handled = !IsTextAllowed(e.Text);

这段代码的作用是判断输入的文本是否符合要求,如果不符合则将其忽略。

0

我认为这实际上是不可能的,除非是一个只允许数字的框。理想情况下,您希望有一个框,只能包含有效的输入,但小数包含一些字符(如“-”和“.”),它们本身就无效。用户不能在不使框处于无效状态的情况下开始键入“-”。

同样,他们可以输入“1.”,然后删除1并将框留在不确定状态。当然,它会导致验证错误和红色边框,但您的视图模型仍然认为该值为1,并且不知道问题所在。

对于正整数,您只能允许数字,并在空白时自动插入零(尽管这有点不友好)

对于小数和负整数,我认为您能做的最好的事情就是限制用户可以键入的键,但仍然需要将数字属性包装在字符串中并进行验证 - 在按下OK按钮时或者最好实现INotifyDataError以显示错误并禁用OK按钮。


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