这个错误已经被多次讨论，但似乎没有任何答案适用于我。我在Python 2和3上有相当丰富的经验。这是我第一次使用django。我开始制作一个项目，在使用基本数据库之后，我第一次调用class.objects时发生了标题错误。尝试修复一段时间后，我转向了django教程，并决定一步一步地完成所有内容。错误再次发生，具体地说是在“编写您的第一个Django应用程序，第3部分”中，在使用render之前。
目录：
\home_dir
\lib
\Scripts
\src
\.idea
\pages
\polls
\migrations
__init__.py
admin.py
apps.py
models.py
test.py
views.py
\templates
\django_proj
__init__.py
asgi.py
manage.py
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py
__init__.py
db.sqlite3
manage.py
不要理会页面，这只是一个测试应用程序。
django_proj\settings.py：
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'django.contrib.sites',
# My App
'polls'
'pages'
]
模板和数据库已经配置好。
polls\apps.py：
from django.apps import AppConfig
class PollsConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'polls'
polls\models.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
import datetime
# Create your models here.
class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
published_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
objects = models.Manager()
def __str__(self):
return self.question_text
def was_pub_recently(self):
return self.published_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
vote = models.IntegerField(default=0)
def __str__(self):
return self.choice_text
polls\views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from src.polls.models import Question
from django.template import loader
# Create your views here.
def index(request, *args, **kwargs):
latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-published_date'[:5])
template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
context = {
'latest_question_list': latest_question_list
}
return HttpResponse(template.render(context, request))
def details(request, question_id, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse(f"Question: {question_id}")
def results(request, question_id, *args, **kwargs):
response = f"Results for question {question_id}"
return HttpResponse(response)
def vote(request, question_id, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse(f"Vote on question {question_id}")
django_proj\urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path
from src.pages.views import home_view, base_view, context_view
from src.polls.views import index, details, results, vote
urlpatterns = [
path('', home_view, name='home'),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('base/', base_view, name='base'),
path('context/', context_view, name="context"),
# Polls
path('home/', index, name='index'),
path('<int:question_id>/', details, name='details'),
path('<int:question_id>/results/', results, name='results'),
path('<int:question_id>/vote/', vote, name='vote'),
]
错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\panos\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\threading.py", line 926, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "c:\users\panos\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\threading.py", line 870, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 117, in inner_run
self.check(display_num_errors=True)
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 395, in check
include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 382, in _run_checks
return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\registry.py", line 72, in run_checks
new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 13, in check_url_config
return check_resolver(resolver)
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 23, in check_resolver
return check_method()
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 407, in check
for pattern in self.url_patterns:
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 48, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 588, in url_patterns
patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 48, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 581, in urlconf_module
return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
File "c:\users\panos\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\src\testdjango\urls.py", line 20, in <module>
from src.polls.views import index, details, results, vote
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\src\polls\views.py", line 3, in <module>
from .models import Question
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\src\polls\models.py", line 7, in <module>
class Question(models.Model):
File "C:\Users\panos\Dev\cfehome\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 115, in __new__
"INSTALLED_APPS." % (module, name)
RuntimeError: Model class src.polls.models.Question doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS.
Python版本3.7
Django版本3.0.4
我已经尝试过：
https://medium.com/@michal.bock/fix-weird-exceptions-when-running-django-tests-f58def71b59a
还有其他两个解决方案，但是我没有链接。
在尝试了12个小时之后，我的推测是：这可能是一个兼容性问题或我的导入和初始化文件出现了严重错误。
编辑。看起来是我的错。对于所有遇到相同错误的人，请确保将您的应用程序放入INSTALLED_APPS中，接下来确保您目录中的所有文件都按照django文档建议正确归档（如果您选择以不同的方式创建它们，请确保您也相应地修复导入）。此外，不要在名称中使用像django、test等单词，因为django的搜索器可能会遇到它们并覆盖重要的django函数。