我正在尝试使用 Python 编写的爬虫程序来爬取网站。我想将 Tor 集成到 Python 中，也就是说，我想使用 Tor 匿名爬网站。
我尝试了这个方法，但好像并没有起作用。我检查了一下我的 IP 地址，发现它仍然和以前使用 Tor 之前的一样。我是通过 Python 来检查的。
import urllib2
proxy_handler = urllib2.ProxyHandler({"tcp":"http://127.0.0.1:9050"})
opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy_handler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
proxy_support = urllib2.ProxyHandler({"http" : "127.0.0.1:8118"})
opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy_support)
opener.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0')]
print opener.open('http://www.google.com').read()
请注意，传递给ProxyHandler的属性不应包含ip:port的http前缀。
Tor和Tor Bundle混淆了。Tor Bundle确实附带了Vidalia、Privoxy和Firefox，但是也有一个独立的Tor版本，可以通过apt-get/yum在Linux上安装。 - s3v3npip install PySocks
然后：
import socket
import socks
import urllib2
ipcheck_url = 'http://checkip.amazonaws.com/'
# Actual IP.
print(urllib2.urlopen(ipcheck_url).read())
# Tor IP.
socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, '127.0.0.1', 9050)
socket.socket = socks.socksocket
print(urllib2.urlopen(ipcheck_url).read())
只使用 urllib2.ProxyHandler 如 https://dev59.com/EXNA5IYBdhLWcg3wF5uO#2015649 中所示会失败，原因如下:
Tor is not an HTTP Proxy
在Ubuntu 15.10、Tor 0.2.6.10和Python 2.7.10上进行了测试。
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error PySocks doesn't support IPv6>。但是，如果使用9150端口，则可以正常工作。 - J0ANMMimport socks
import socket
import time
from stem.control import Controller
from stem import Signal
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
err = 0
counter = 0
url = "checkip.dyn.com"
with Controller.from_port(port = 9151) as controller:
try:
controller.authenticate()
socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, "127.0.0.1", 9150)
socket.socket = socks.socksocket
while counter < 10:
r = requests.get("http://checkip.dyn.com")
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content)
print(soup.find("body").text)
counter = counter + 1
#wait till next identity will be available
controller.signal(Signal.NEWNYM)
time.sleep(controller.get_newnym_wait())
except requests.HTTPError:
print("Could not reach URL")
err = err + 1
print("Used " + str(counter) + " IPs and got " + str(err) + " errors")
使用 Privoxy 作为 Tor 前面的 HTTP 代理对我而言可以正常工作 - 这是一个爬虫模板：
import urllib2
import httplib
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
from time import sleep
class Scraper(object):
def __init__(self, options, args):
if options.proxy is None:
options.proxy = "http://localhost:8118/"
self._open = self._get_opener(options.proxy)
def _get_opener(self, proxy):
proxy_handler = urllib2.ProxyHandler({'http': proxy})
opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy_handler)
return opener.open
def get_soup(self, url):
soup = None
while soup is None:
try:
request = urllib2.Request(url)
request.add_header('User-Agent', 'foo bar useragent')
soup = BeautifulSoup(self._open(request))
except (httplib.IncompleteRead, httplib.BadStatusLine,
urllib2.HTTPError, ValueError, urllib2.URLError), err:
sleep(1)
return soup
class PageType(Scraper):
_URL_TEMPL = "http://foobar.com/baz/%s"
def items_from_page(self, url):
nextpage = None
soup = self.get_soup(url)
items = []
for item in soup.findAll("foo"):
items.append(item["bar"])
nexpage = item["href"]
return nextpage, items
def get_items(self):
nextpage, items = self._categories_from_page(self._START_URL % "start.html")
while nextpage is not None:
nextpage, newitems = self.items_from_page(self._URL_TEMPL % nextpage)
items.extend(newitems)
return items()
pt = PageType()
print pt.get_items()
以下是使用Tor代理下载文件的Python代码（请更新URL）：
import urllib2
url = "http://www.disneypicture.net/data/media/17/Donald_Duck2.gif"
proxy = urllib2.ProxyHandler({'http': '127.0.0.1:8118'})
opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
file_name = url.split('/')[-1]
u = urllib2.urlopen(url)
f = open(file_name, 'wb')
meta = u.info()
file_size = int(meta.getheaders("Content-Length")[0])
print "Downloading: %s Bytes: %s" % (file_name, file_size)
file_size_dl = 0
block_sz = 8192
while True:
buffer = u.read(block_sz)
if not buffer:
break
file_size_dl += len(buffer)
f.write(buffer)
status = r"%10d [%3.2f%%]" % (file_size_dl, file_size_dl * 100. / file_size)
status = status + chr(8)*(len(status)+1)
print status,
f.close()
更新 - 最新版（v2.10.0以上）requests库支持使用socks代理，但需要额外安装requests[socks]模块。
安装 -
pip install requests requests[socks]
基本用法 -
import requests
session = requests.session()
# Tor uses the 9050 port as the default socks port
session.proxies = {'http': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:9050',
'https': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:9050'}
# Make a request through the Tor connection
# IP visible through Tor
print session.get("http://httpbin.org/ip").text
# Above should print an IP different than your public IP
# Following prints your normal public IP
print requests.get("http://httpbin.org/ip").text
requesocks库。
它基本上是requests库的一个端口。请注意，该库是一个旧版本（最后更新于2013年3月25日），可能没有与最新的requests库相同的功能。
安装 -
pip install requesocks
基本用法 -
# Assuming that Tor is up & running
import requesocks
session = requesocks.session()
# Tor uses the 9050 port as the default socks port
session.proxies = {'http': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:9050',
'https': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:9050'}
# Make a request through the Tor connection
# IP visible through Tor
print session.get("http://httpbin.org/ip").text
# Above should print an IP different than your public IP
# Following prints your normal public IP
import requests
print requests.get("http://httpbin.org/ip").text
socks5:127.0.0.1:9050。 - james-see以下解决方案适用于我在Python 3中的应用。修改自CiroSantilli的答案:
使用urllib（Python 3中的urllib2名称）：
import socks
import socket
from urllib.request import urlopen
url = 'http://icanhazip.com/'
socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, '127.0.0.1', 9150)
socket.socket = socks.socksocket
response = urlopen(url)
print(response.read())
使用requests库：
import socks
import socket
import requests
url = 'http://icanhazip.com/'
socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, '127.0.0.1', 9150)
socket.socket = socks.socksocket
response = requests.get(url)
print(response.text)
Selenium 和 PhantomJS：from selenium import webdriver
url = 'http://icanhazip.com/'
service_args = [ '--proxy=localhost:9150', '--proxy-type=socks5', ]
phantomjs_path = '/your/path/to/phantomjs'
driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(
executable_path=phantomjs_path,
service_args=service_args)
driver.get(url)
print(driver.page_source)
driver.close()
注意：如果您计划经常使用Tor，请考虑捐赠以支持他们的出色工作！（捐赠链接）
也许您遇到了一些网络连接问题？上述脚本对我有效（我替换了不同的URL-我使用了http://stackoverflow.com/ - 我按预期获取了页面：
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd" >
<html> <head>
<title>Stack Overflow</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/content/all.css?v=3856">
(etc.)
我想和大家分享一下一个对我有效的解决方案（Python3，Windows10）：
步骤1：开启Tor ControlPort，端口为9151。
Tor服务默认运行在端口9150上，而ControlPort则运行在9151端口。当你运行netstat -an时，你应该能够看到本地地址为127.0.0.1:9150和127.0.0.1:9151。
[go to windows terminal]
cd ...\Tor Browser\Browser\TorBrowser\Tor
tor --service remove
tor --service install -options ControlPort 9151
netstat -an
步骤2：Python脚本如下。
# library to launch and kill Tor process
import os
import subprocess
# library for Tor connection
import socket
import socks
import http.client
import time
import requests
from stem import Signal
from stem.control import Controller
# library for scraping
import csv
import urllib
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
def launchTor():
# start Tor (wait 30 sec for Tor to load)
sproc = subprocess.Popen(r'.../Tor Browser/Browser/firefox.exe')
time.sleep(30)
return sproc
def killTor(sproc):
sproc.kill()
def connectTor():
socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, "127.0.0.1", 9150, True)
socket.socket = socks.socksocket
print("Connected to Tor")
def set_new_ip():
# disable socks server and enabling again
socks.setdefaultproxy()
"""Change IP using TOR"""
with Controller.from_port(port=9151) as controller:
controller.authenticate()
socks.setdefaultproxy(socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5, "127.0.0.1", 9150, True)
socket.socket = socks.socksocket
controller.signal(Signal.NEWNYM)
def checkIP():
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection("icanhazip.com")
conn.request("GET", "/")
time.sleep(3)
response = conn.getresponse()
print('current ip address :', response.read())
# Launch Tor and connect to Tor network
sproc = launchTor()
connectTor()
# list of url to scrape
url_list = [list of all the urls you want to scrape]
for url in url_list:
# set new ip and check ip before scraping for each new url
set_new_ip()
# allow some time for IP address to refresh
time.sleep(5)
checkIP()
'''
[insert your scraping code here: bs4, urllib, your usual thingy]
'''
# remember to kill process
killTor(sproc)
上面的脚本将为您想要抓取的每个URL更新IP地址。只需确保睡眠时间足够长，以便IP更改。上次测试是昨天。希望这可以帮助您！