Python中的CSV Unicode编码问题：'ascii'编解码器无法在位置1处编码字符u'\xf6'，该字符超出了128个字符的范围。

Question

我从[Python官网][1]复制了这个脚本。现在遇到的问题是编码问题：

import sqlite3
import csv
import codecs
import cStringIO
import sys

class UTF8Recoder:
    """
    Iterator that reads an encoded stream and reencodes the input to UTF-8
    """
    def __init__(self, f, encoding):
        self.reader = codecs.getreader(encoding)(f)

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def next(self):
        return self.reader.next().encode("utf-8")

class UnicodeReader:
    """
    A CSV reader which will iterate over lines in the CSV file "f",
    which is encoded in the given encoding.
    """

    def __init__(self, f, dialect=csv.excel, encoding="utf-8", **kwds):
        f = UTF8Recoder(f, encoding)
        self.reader = csv.reader(f, dialect=dialect, **kwds)

    def next(self):
        row = self.reader.next()
        return [unicode(s, "utf-8") for s in row]

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

class UnicodeWriter:
    """
    A CSV writer which will write rows to CSV file "f",
    which is encoded in the given encoding.
    """

    def __init__(self, f, dialect=csv.excel, encoding="utf-8", **kwds):
        # Redirect output to a queue
        self.queue = cStringIO.StringIO()
        self.writer = csv.writer(self.queue, dialect=dialect, **kwds)
        self.stream = f
        self.encoder = codecs.getincrementalencoder(encoding)()

    def writerow(self, row):
        self.writer.writerow([s.encode("utf-8") for s in row])
        # Fetch UTF-8 output from the queue ...
        data = self.queue.getvalue()
        data = data.decode("utf-8")
        # ... and reencode it into the target encoding
        data = self.encoder.encode(data)
        # write to the target stream
        self.stream.write(data)
        # empty queue
        self.queue.truncate(0)

    def writerows(self, rows):
        for row in rows:
            self.writerow(row)

这次问题出在编码上，当我运行时出现了以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "makeCSV.py", line 87, in <module>
    uW.writerow(d)
  File "makeCSV.py", line 54, in writerow
    self.writer.writerow([s.encode("utf-8") for s in row])
AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'encode'

然后我把所有整数转换为字符串，但这次我收到了以下错误信息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "makeCSV.py", line 87, in <module>
    uW.writerow(d)
  File "makeCSV.py", line 54, in writerow
    self.writer.writerow([str(s).encode("utf-8") for s in row])
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xf6' in position 1: ordinal not in range(128)

我已经实现了上述代码来处理Unicode字符，但是它给我返回了错误。问题出在哪里？如何修复？

- torayeff

Answer 1

然后我将所有整数转换为字符串，

您将整数和字符串都转换为字节字符串。对于字符串，这将使用默认字符编码，即ASCII编码，当您有非ASCII字符时，这种方法会失败。您需要使用unicode而不是str。

self.writer.writerow([unicode(s).encode("utf-8") for s in row])

在调用该方法之前，最好将所有内容转换为Unicode。这个类专门设计用于解析Unicode字符串，而不是支持其他数据类型。

- Mark Byers

Answer 2

来自文档：

• http://docs.python.org/library/stringio.html?highlight=cstringio#cStringIO.StringIO

与StringIO模块不同，此模块无法接受不能编码为纯ASCII字符串的Unicode字符串。

也就是说，只能存储7位ASCII字符的字符串。

- Ben

Answer 3

如果您正在使用Python 2：

将编码设置为：str(s.encode("utf-8")) 即：

def writerow(self, row):
    self.writer.writerow([str(s.encode("utf-8")) for s in row])
    # Fetch UTF-8 output from the queue ...
    data = self.queue.getvalue()
    data = data.decode("utf-8")
    # ... and reencode it into the target encoding
    data = self.encoder.encode(data)
    # write to the target stream
    self.stream.write(data)
    # empty queue
    self.queue.truncate(0)

- silwalprabin