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使用pip安装libxml时出现错误

pythonlxmlpip
314

这是我的错误：

(mysite)zjm1126@zjm1126-G41MT-S2:~/zjm_test/mysite$ pip install lxml
Downloading/unpacking lxml
  Running setup.py egg_info for package lxml
    Building lxml version 2.3.
    Building without Cython.
    ERROR: /bin/sh: xslt-config: not found

    ** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed **

    Using build configuration of libxslt
Installing collected packages: lxml
  Running setup.py install for lxml
    Building lxml version 2.3.
    Building without Cython.
    ERROR: /bin/sh: xslt-config: not found

    ** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed **

    Using build configuration of libxslt
    building 'lxml.etree' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-i686-2.6/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:4: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    Complete output from command /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/build/lxml/setup.py';execfile(__file__)" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /tmp/pip-jOhgvD-record/install-record.txt --install-headers /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/include/site/python2.6:
    Building lxml version 2.3.

Building without Cython.

ERROR: /bin/sh: xslt-config: not found



** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed **



Using build configuration of libxslt

running install

running build

running build_py

running build_ext

building 'lxml.etree' extension

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-i686-2.6/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:4: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录

compilation terminated.

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Command /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/build/lxml/setup.py';execfile(__file__)" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /tmp/pip-jOhgvD-record/install-record.txt --install-headers /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/include/site/python2.6 failed with error code 1
Storing complete log in /home/zjm1126/.pip/pip.log

我能做什么？

更新：

(mysite)zjm1126@zjm1126-G41MT-S2:~/zjm_test/mysite$ pip install lxml
Downloading/unpacking lxml
  Running setup.py egg_info for package lxml
    Building lxml version 2.3.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26
    Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib
Installing collected packages: lxml
  Running setup.py install for lxml
    Building lxml version 2.3.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26
    Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib
    building 'lxml.etree' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-i686-2.6/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:4: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    Complete output from command /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/build/lxml/setup.py';execfile(__file__)" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /tmp/pip-NJw2ws-record/install-record.txt --install-headers /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/include/site/python2.6:
    Building lxml version 2.3.

Building without Cython.

Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26

Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib

running install

running build

running build_py

running build_ext

building 'lxml.etree' extension

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-i686-2.6/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:4: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录

compilation terminated.

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Command /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/build/lxml/setup.py';execfile(__file__)" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /tmp/pip-NJw2ws-record/install-record.txt --install-headers /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/include/site/python2.6 failed with error code 1
Storing complete log in /home/zjm1126/.pip/pip.log

日志:

------------------------------------------------------------
/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/bin/pip run on Thu Mar  3 17:07:27 2011
Downloading/unpacking mysql-python
  Running setup.py egg_info for package mysql-python
    running egg_info
    creating pip-egg-info/MySQL_python.egg-info
    writing pip-egg-info/MySQL_python.egg-info/PKG-INFO
    writing top-level names to pip-egg-info/MySQL_python.egg-info/top_level.txt
    writing dependency_links to pip-egg-info/MySQL_python.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
    writing pip-egg-info/MySQL_python.egg-info/PKG-INFO
    writing top-level names to pip-egg-info/MySQL_python.egg-info/top_level.txt
    writing dependency_links to pip-egg-info/MySQL_python.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
    writing manifest file 'pip-egg-info/MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found
    reading manifest file 'pip-egg-info/MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
    warning: no files found matching 'MANIFEST'
    warning: no files found matching 'ChangeLog'
    warning: no files found matching 'GPL'
    writing manifest file 'pip-egg-info/MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
Installing collected packages: mysql-python
  Running setup.py install for mysql-python
    Running command /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/build/mysql-python/setup.py';execfile(__file__)" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /tmp/pip-XuVIux-record/install-record.txt --install-headers /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/include/site/python2.6
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-i686-2.6
    copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6
    creating build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building '_mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-i686-2.6
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,2,3,'final',0) -D__version__=1.2.3 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-i686-2.6/_mysql.o -DBIG_JOINS=1 -fno-strict-aliasing -DUNIV_LINUX -DUNIV_LINUX
    In file included from _mysql.c:29:
    pymemcompat.h:10: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    Complete output from command /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/build/mysql-python/setup.py';execfile(__file__)" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /tmp/pip-XuVIux-record/install-record.txt --install-headers /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/include/site/python2.6:
    running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build/lib.linux-i686-2.6

copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6

creating build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb

copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb

creating build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants

copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-2.6/MySQLdb/constants

running build_ext

building '_mysql' extension

creating build/temp.linux-i686-2.6

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,2,3,'final',0) -D__version__=1.2.3 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-i686-2.6/_mysql.o -DBIG_JOINS=1 -fno-strict-aliasing -DUNIV_LINUX -DUNIV_LINUX

In file included from _mysql.c:29:

pymemcompat.h:10: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录

compilation terminated.

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Command /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/build/mysql-python/setup.py';execfile(__file__)" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /tmp/pip-XuVIux-record/install-record.txt --install-headers /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/include/site/python2.6 failed with error code 1
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-0.8.1-py2.6.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 130, in main
    self.run(options, args)
  File "/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-0.8.1-py2.6.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 228, in run
    requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options)
  File "/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-0.8.1-py2.6.egg/pip/req.py", line 1043, in install
    requirement.install(install_options, global_options)
  File "/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-0.8.1-py2.6.egg/pip/req.py", line 559, in install
    cwd=self.source_dir, filter_stdout=self._filter_install, show_stdout=False)
  File "/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip-0.8.1-py2.6.egg/pip/__init__.py", line 249, in call_subprocess
    % (command_desc, proc.returncode))
InstallationError: Command /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/build/mysql-python/setup.py';execfile(__file__)" install --single-version-externally-managed --record /tmp/pip-XuVIux-record/install-record.txt --install-headers /home/zjm1126/zjm_test/mysite/include/site/python2.6 failed with error code 1
1
原来是内存问题。请参考此链接：https://dev59.com/Beo6XIcBkEYKwwoYJAzV#26762938 - Mayank Jaiswal
28个回答
532

请确保已安装libxml2和libxslt的开发包

根据lxml文档，假设您正在运行基于Debian的发行版：

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt-dev python-dev

对于基于Debian的系统，安装python-lxml或python3-lxml已知的构建依赖项应该就足够了。

sudo apt-get install build-dep python3-lxml
15
由于缺少Python.h，因此需要安装python2.6-dev。请运行以下命令进行安装：sudo apt-get install python2.6-dev。 - Jabba
21
请执行以下命令安装所需软件包：sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev python-dev。这将安装libxml2-dev、libxslt1-dev和python-dev软件包。 - daonb
6
在基于Red Hat的系统中（如Red Hat、Suse和CentOS），将软件包名称中的dev替换为devel。因此，正确的名称是：python-devel、libxml2-devel和libxslt-devel。 - Alan Evangelista
16
我正在使用 Windows 7 x64 操作系统，如何安装libxml2和libxslt1？ - Mithril
3
我还需要在Debian Jessie上安装zlib1g-dev。 - jhulst
显示剩余4条评论
114

这对我有用：

yum install libxslt-devel libxml2-devel
我在 Fedora 18 上确认了这一点。 - Cacovsky
5
也可以使用CentOS 6.4版本，搭配Python-2.7。 - florin.bunau
已在 Fedora 19 上确认 pip install lxml --upgrade 可行。 - imbr
对于 Debian 系统，请执行以下命令安装 libxslt-dev：sudo apt-get install libxslt-dev。 - epoch
RHEL安装已确认。 - Alexander.Iljushkin
显示剩余6条评论
79

如果您正在使用Ubuntu / Lubuntu 13.04或Ubuntu 13.10，并且遇到“/ usr / bin / ld：无法找到-lz”的问题，则可能还需要安装zlib1g-dev软件包：

sudo apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev

把它们全部组合在一起：

sudo apt-get install -y libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev zlib1g-dev python3-pip
sudo pip3 install lxml
请勿在包名之间加逗号，否则答案完美。 - jrvidotti
这应该出现在顶部。 - igauravsehrawat
6
我也必须为Ubuntu 14.04 LTS安装这个软件包。 - RaSi
3
这是这个主题中唯一对我有用的答案，适用于Ubuntu 14.04LTS，两年后 :) 谢谢。 - bosnjak
3
没错，在Ubuntu 14.04上，对我来说也是缺少了zlib1g-dev库。 - Case
显示剩余2条评论
35

不，你缺少Python头文件。这通常在Linux上发生，当你使用系统自带的Python时会出现这种情况(有一些原因不要这样做，但那是另一个问题)。

你可能需要安装一些包，通常叫做python-dev或python-devel。

 sudo yum install python-devel
或者
 sudo aptitude install python-dev

或者类似的东西。

4
为什么要踩这个回答？它是正确的。它说：“Python.h 没有那个文件或目录”，意思是“没有这样的文件或目录”。Python头文件缺失。安装它们就可以解决问题。 - Lennart Regebro
1
答案是正确的。在我的情况下，我必须安装 python2.6-dev。 - Jabba
谢谢，这正是我遇到问题的原因。 - GoTTimw
2
这也是我的问题，除了我需要python3-dev来处理Python3。 - Niko
24

只需安装依赖项：

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt-dev python-dev

现在，您可以使用pip软件包管理工具进行安装：

pip install lxml

对于Python 3用户：

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt-dev python3-dev

pip3 install lxml
12

在Windows上，我在尝试在Python 3.4中手动安装后出现了与3.3已安装有关的相同错误。最终，我通过安装wheel并从Python34目录运行pip来解决了这个问题。

1) 从此处下载wheel：http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#lxml

2) cd Python34\Scripts

3) pip.exe C:\Users\Home\Downloads\lxml- ......... .whl

2
对于Python 3.5似乎需要使用'install'命令：pip.exe install C:\Users\<user>\Downloads\lxml-3.6.4-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl - Kent Kruckeberg
错误：lxml-4.4.1-pp372-pp372-win32.whl不支持此平台。我正在运行Windows 10。尝试安装amd64版本时出现相同的错误。 - Calydon
10

我通过增加服务器内存解决了这个问题。

我原本只有512MB内存，但当我升级到1GB时就没有问题了。

在尝试修复问题之前，我也手动安装了每个软件包，但我不确定这一步是否是必要的。

我提供了帮助，但是情况不同。这里的gcc退出状态为1。而在我的情况下，它是4（请参见https://dev59.com/7GQo5IYBdhLWcg3wUd-L）。 - silentser
这个对我解决了问题，我使用的是boo2docker所以增加了虚拟机的内存。谢谢！ - Paulo
谢谢！我在一个Vagrant虚拟机中遇到了这个问题，现在已经解决了。 - cjauvin
这是一种教你跳过被接受的答案的回答方式。这真是一个巨大的时间节省者。 - Phillip Martin
是的，这是使用虚拟化（Vagrant）的人们遇到的问题。谢谢，这解决了我的问题。 - kerbrose
6
STATIC_DEPS=true easy_install lxml
6
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

yum remove audit
yum install gcc
yum install libxslt-devel libxml2-devel

cd lxml-x.x.x
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
6

我正在使用Ubuntu 14.04，这对我解决了问题。

sudo apt-get build-dep python3-lxml
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt-dev python-dev
这是解决我的问题的方法。更具体地说，是“apt-get install python-lxml”。 - Jason Paw
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