我使用Python的(3.5.2)requests库(2.12.4)向Primer-BLAST网站发送查询。以下是我为此任务编写的脚本:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import requests
# BaseURL being accessed
url = 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/primertool.cgi'
# Dictionary of query parameters
data = {
'INPUT_SEQUENCE' : 'TCTTCTGAGAAAGTCTGAGGCTCCTTAGTACCTTCTCTAGTATGAACTGTTCAGCCTGCCCGCAAGTTGTAACTACGCAGGCGCCAAGACAGCCAACCAAGGAGGCTGCAGA',
'ORGANISM' : 'Mus musculus'
}
# Make a POST request and read the response
with requests.session() as session:
poster = session.post(url, data=data)
for key, value in poster.headers.items():
print(key, ':', value)
我需要从响应头信息中检索NCBI-RCGI-RetryURL字段。然而,只有在使用Google Chrome的HTTP跟踪扩展时,我才能看到此字段。下面是使用Google Chrome进行POST和响应的完整跟踪:
POST https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/primertool.cgi
Origin: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.101 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryBflp51Ny9ReeA5A9
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
Referer: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/index.cgi?LINK_LOC=reset
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
Cookie: sv-userdata-key-www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov=G5KxXzyQ81U_vs1aHK_7XDWciF1B8AjjDUmDunVbhIZhZ4p4t_SVK4ASpbTT8iDSJVcxBH9oUAB3K2xNWjp3G0koYCloBlYuSxdoIGIkYzl2; ncbi_sid=0751457F9A561D01_0000SID; _ga=GA1.2.567134514.1503994317; _gid=GA1.2.654339584.1503994317; _gat=1; starnext=MYGwlsDWB2CmAeAXAXAbgK7RAewIYBM4lkAmAXgAcAnMAW1ioCMRcBnRAMgBYzm3FWsXFWAALDgEZymHAUkBOMgAYA7AFYpXFQDF5AQTUA2ACIBRFRKVXrN2xI4klygMJcSltQA59R0wGY/S1tg63t3Shp6JhZ2AFI/PQA5AHlE03i9PnZBYTEMlLSHcgB3UoA6aGBGMAqQWgqwUTKAc2wANwceajoGLMR81NMHQwie6P4BtIy+nJFxEhVRqL7J9ISZoTnVh08l3pj+lWcC9KON3NFYo5OHRQkuLiUOPyd5K2eJMnvH5/JPDWefjIADNcCBBM8eIgqOhYM81F83GpniMJH4SPJnosSFxnrtAoZ5Li/IoXp5DCpuE50RIpNxPlIAtxyNBcIgwG04Q8yDI8IQEJwuAiSBw1EDvk81DxPEo/KKEfIRUYyCRDIZRYtJbtaT81HcOIYnE9DAycUA=
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2017 13:38:27 GMT
Server: Apache
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
Referrer-Policy: origin-when-cross-origin
Content-Security-Policy: upgrade-insecure-requests
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, private, must-revalidate
Expires: 0
NCBI-PHID: 0C421A7A9A56E5310000000000000001.m_2
NCBI-RCGI-RetryURL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/primertool.cgi?ctg_time=1504013907&job_key=aWO2H68Wor6FhLSBueGQs8P6gYHu6Zqc7w
NCBI-SID: 0751457F9A561D01_0000SID
Pragma: no-cache
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, PUT, OPTIONS, PATCH, DELETE
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: Origin,X-Accept-Charset,X-Accept,Content-Type,X-Requested-With,NCBI-SID,NCBI-PHID
Content-Type: text/html
Set-Cookie: ncbi_sid=0751457F9A561D01_0000SID; domain=.nih.gov; path=/; expires=Wed, 29 Aug 2018 13:38:27 GMT
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Content-Encoding: gzip
X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
Keep-Alive: timeout=1, max=9
Connection: Keep-Alive
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
以下是我从脚本中获取的所有头部信息:
Date : Tue, 29 Aug 2017 14:41:08 GMT
Server : Apache
Strict-Transport-Security : max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
Referrer-Policy : origin-when-cross-origin
Content-Security-Policy : upgrade-insecure-requests
Accept-Ranges : bytes
Vary : Accept-Encoding
Content-Encoding : gzip
X-UA-Compatible : IE=Edge
X-XSS-Protection : 1; mode=block
Content-Length : 2516
Keep-Alive : timeout=1, max=10
Connection : Keep-Alive
Content-Type : text/html
NCBI-RCGI-RetryURL字段很重要,因为它包含了我需要执行GET请求以检索结果的URL。
编辑:
根据Maurice Meyer的建议更新脚本:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import requests
# BaseURL being accessed
url = 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/primertool.cgi'
# Dictionary of query parameters
data = {
'INPUT_SEQUENCE' : 'TCTTCTGAGAAAGTCTGAGGCTCCTTAGTACCTTCTCTAGTATGAACTGTTCAGCCTGCCCGCAAGTTGTAACTACGCAGGCGCCAAGACAGCCAACCAAGGAGGCTGCAGA',
'ORGANISM' : 'Mus musculus'
}
# Extra headers
headers = {
'Origin' : 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests' : '1',
'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.101 Safari/537.36',
'Content-Type' : 'multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryBflp51Ny9ReeA5A9',
'Accept' : 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
'Referer' : 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/index.cgi?LINK_LOC=reset',
'Accept-Encoding' : 'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language' : 'en-US,en;q=0.8',
'Cookie' : 'sv-userdata-key-www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov=G5KxXzyQ81U_vs1aHK_7XDWciF1B8AjjDUmDunVbhIZhZ4p4t_SVK4ASpbTT8iDSJVcxBH9oUAB3K2xNWjp3G0koYCloBlYuSxdoIGIkYzl2; ncbi_sid=0751457F9A561D01_0000SID; _ga=GA1.2.567134514.1503994317; _gid=GA1.2.654339584.1503994317; _gat=1; starnext=MYGwlsDWB2CmAeAXAXAbgK7RAewIYBM4lkAmAXgAcAnMAW1ioCMRcBnRAMgBYzm3FWsXFWAALDgEZymHAUkBOMgAYA7AFYpXFQDF5AQTUA2ACIBRFRKVXrN2xI4klygMJcSltQA59R0wGY/S1tg63t3Shp6JhZ2AFI/PQA5AHlE03i9PnZBYTEMlLSHcgB3UoA6aGBGMAqQWgqwUTKAc2wANwceajoGLMR81NMHQwie6P4BtIy+nJFxEhVRqL7J9ISZoTnVh08l3pj+lWcC9KON3NFYo5OHRQkuLiUOPyd5K2eJMnvH5/JPDWefjIADNcCBBM8eIgqOhYM81F83GpniMJH4SPJnosSFxnrtAoZ5Li/IoXp5DCpuE50RIpNxPlIAtxyNBcIgwG04Q8yDI8IQEJwuAiSBw1EDvk81DxPEo/KKEfIRUYyCRDIZRYtJbtaT81HcOIYnE9DAycUA='
}
# Make a POST request and read the response
with requests.session() as session:
poster = session.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
for key, value in poster.headers.items():
print(key, ':', value)
更新的输出仍然没有差异:
Date : Tue, 29 Aug 2017 15:05:27 GMT
Server : Apache
Strict-Transport-Security : max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
Referrer-Policy : origin-when-cross-origin
Content-Security-Policy : upgrade-insecure-requests
Accept-Ranges : bytes
Vary : Accept-Encoding
Content-Encoding : gzip
X-UA-Compatible : IE=Edge
X-XSS-Protection : 1; mode=block
Content-Length : 2517
Keep-Alive : timeout=1, max=10
Connection : Keep-Alive
Content-Type : text/html
NCBI-PHID
、NCBI-RCGI-JobStatus
、NCBI-SID
。但没有重试URL。 - illright