将嵌套的JSON响应反序列化为嵌套结构体

Question

以下是我调用的Web API返回的示例JSON：

```json

这里是样例 JSON 返回：

```

{
    "Ability1": "Noxious Fumes",
    "AbilityId1": 7812,
    "AttackSpeed": 0.86,
    "Cons": "",
    "HP5PerLevel": 0.47,
    "Health": 360,
    "Speed": 350,
    "abilityDescription1": {
      "itemDescription": {
        "cooldown": "12s",
        "cost": "60/70/80/90/100",
        "description": "Agni summons a cloud of noxious fumes at his ground target location, doing damage every second. Firing any of Agni's abilities into the fumes detonates the gas, stunning all enemies in the radius.",
        "menuitems": [
          {
            "description": "Ability:",
            "value": "Ground Target"
          },
          {
            "description": "Affects:",
            "value": "Enemy"
          },
          {
            "description": "Damage:",
            "value": "Magical"
          },
          {
            "description": "Radius:",
            "value": "20"
          }
        ],
        "rankitems": [
          {
            "description": "Damage per Tick:",
            "value": "10/20/30/40/50 (+5% of your magical power)"
          },
          {
            "description": "Fumes Duration:",
            "value": "10s"
          },
          {
            "description": "Stun Duration:",
            "value": "1s"
          }
        ],
        "secondaryDescription": ""
      }
    },
    "abilityDescription5": {
      "itemDescription": {
        "cooldown": "",
        "cost": "",
        "description": "After hitting with 4 basic attacks, Agni will gain a buff. On the next cast of Flame Wave or Rain Fire, all enemies hit by those abilities will be additionally set ablaze, taking damage every .5s for 3s.",
        "menuitems": [
          {
            "description": "Affects:",
            "value": "Enemy"
          },
          {
            "description": "Damage:",
            "value": "Magical"
          }
        ],
        "rankitems": [
          {
            "description": "Damage per Tick:",
            "value": "5 (+10% of your magical power)"
          }
        ],
        "secondaryDescription": ""
      }
    },
    "basicAttack": {
      "itemDescription": {
        "cooldown": "",
        "cost": "",
        "description": "",
        "menuitems": [
          {
            "description": "Damage:",
            "value": "34 + 1.5/Lvl (+20% of Magical Power)"
          },
          {
            "description": "Progression:",
            "value": "None"
          }
        ],
        "rankitems": [],
        "secondaryDescription": ""
      }
    },
    "id": 1737,
    "ret_msg": null
  }

我的结构体:

type God struct {
    Ability1                      string
    Ability2                      string
    Ability3                      string
    Ability4                      string
    Ability5                      string
    AbilityId1                    int
    AbilityId2                    int
    AbilityId3                    int
    AbilityId4                    int
    AbilityId5                    int
    Attack_speed                  float64
    Attack_speed_per_level        float64
    Cons                          string
    Hp5_per_level                 float64
    Health                        int
    Health_per_five               int
    Health_per_level              int
    Item1                         string
    Item2                         string
    Item3                         string
    Item4                         string
    Item5                         string
    Item6                         string
    Item7                         string
    Item8                         string
    Item9                         string
    ItemId1                       int
    ItemId2                       int
    ItemId3                       int
    ItemId4                       int
    ItemId5                       int
    ItemId6                       int
    ItemId7                       int
    ItemId8                       int
    ItemId9                       int
    Lore                          string
    Mp5_per_level                 float64
    Magic_protection              int
    Magic_protection_per_level    int
    Mana                          int
    Mana_per_five                 float64
    Mana_per_level                int
    Name                          string
    On_free_rotation              string
    Pantheon                      string
    Physical_power                int
    Physical_power_per_level      int
    Physical_protection           int
    Physical_protection_per_level float64
    Pros                          string
    Roles                         string
    Speed                         int
    Title                         string
    Type                          string
    Abilitydescription1           struct {
        Item_description struct {
            Cooldown    string
            Cost        string
            Description string
            Menu_items  struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Rank_items struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Secondary_description string
        }
    }
    Ability_description2 struct {
        Item_description struct {
            Cooldown    string
            Cost        string
            Description string
            Menu_items  struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Rank_items struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Secondary_description string
        }
    }
    Ability_description3 struct {
        Item_description struct {
            Cooldown    string
            Cost        string
            Description string
            Menu_items  struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Rank_items struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Secondary_description string
        }
    }
    Ability_description4 struct {
        Item_description struct {
            Cooldown    string
            Cost        string
            Description string
            Menu_items  struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Rank_items struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Secondary_description string
        }
    }
    Ability_description5 struct {
        Item_description struct {
            Cooldown    string
            Cost        string
            Description string
            Menu_items  struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Rank_items struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Secondary_description string
        }
    }
    Basic_attack struct {
        Item_description struct {
            cooldown    string
            cost        string
            description string
            Menu_items  struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Rank_items struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
            }
            Secondary_description string
        }
    }
    Id      int
    Ret_msg string
}

以下是我如何将JSON响应解析为结构体数组：

var gods []God
json.Unmarshal(jsonResponse, &gods)
return gods

除了abilityDescription1 (2、3、4、5)及其结构内的所有内容外，一切都已正确编排。

有什么建议吗？

- sergserg

---

看起来区别在于名称：Item_description与itemDescription。 - Verran

仍然完全没有绑定。如果是这样，为什么Mana_per_five可以正确地绑定到原始JSON名称:ManaPerFive？只是想理解一下-谢谢！ - sergserg

你可以尝试使用http://mholt.github.io/json-to-go/来帮助生成与你的JSON匹配的Go结构体。 - Matt

使用结构体标签将JSON字段名映射到结构体字段名。 由于许多结构体字段是小写的且未公开，因此编码/解码json包无法访问/编组到它们。 可以使用http://golang.org/pkg/reflect/#StructTag 或 ItemDesc string \json:"item_description"` `来解决此问题。 - elithrar

有人可以做一下吗？我会标记为已接受的解决方案。谢谢！ - sergserg

Answer 1

使用结构标签将JSON字段名称映射到结构字段名称。

您的许多结构字段都是小写字母，因此未公开，这意味着encoding/json包无法访问/编组到它们中。请查看http://golang.org/pkg/reflect/#StructTag（JSON包将“Description”与“description”匹配，即小写字母已经匹配）。

为了提高可读性/添加标签的能力，最好将您的结构拆分成单独的项，然后将它们嵌入其中。您有一些重复出现Rank_items的情况，而您可以定义它一次，然后根据需要进行嵌入：

例如：

   Basic_attack struct {
        ItemDescription ItemDesc `json:"itemDescription"`
        Menu []MenuItems `json:"menuitems"`
        Rank []RankItems  `json:"rankitems"`
   }

   ItemDesc struct {
        Cooldown    string `json:"cooldown"`
        Cost        string `json:"cost"`
        Description string `json:"description"`
        Menu        []MenuItems `json:"menuitems"`
        ...
   }

   MenuItems  struct {
            Description string 
            Value       string
  }

   RankItems struct {
                Description string
                Value       string
   }

- elithrar