我想创建一个带有可选参数和默认值的函数。
def my_function(a = nil, b=nil, c=500)
end
我想只使用我想要指定的参数来调用该函数。
my_function(b=100)
我该如何在Ruby 1.9.2中实现这个功能?
def my_function(a = nil, b=nil, c=500)
end
我想只使用我想要指定的参数来调用该函数。
my_function(b=100)
我该如何在Ruby 1.9.2中实现这个功能?
参数绑定到参数如下:
Proc
并绑定到块参数ArgumentError
这里是一个例子:
def foo(mand1, mand2, opt1=:opt1, opt2=:opt2, *splat, mand3, mand4, &block)
p local_variables.map {|v| "#{v} = #{eval(v.to_s)}" }
end
foo 1, 2, 3
# ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (3 for 4+)
foo 1, 2, 3, 4
# mand1 = 1
# mand2 = 2
# opt1 = opt1
# opt2 = opt2
# splat = []
# mand3 = 3
# mand4 = 4
# block =
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
# mand1 = 1
# mand2 = 2
# opt1 = 3
# opt2 = opt2
# splat = []
# mand3 = 4
# mand4 = 5
# block =
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
# mand1 = 1
# mand2 = 2
# opt1 = 3
# opt2 = 4
# splat = []
# mand3 = 5
# mand4 = 6
# block =
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
# mand1 = 1
# mand2 = 2
# opt1 = 3
# opt2 = 4
# splat = [5]
# mand3 = 6
# mand4 = 7
# block =
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 do end
# mand1 = 1
# mand2 = 2
# opt1 = 3
# opt2 = 4
# splat = [5, 6]
# mand3 = 7
# mand4 = 8
# block = #<Proc:0x007fdc732cb468@(pry):42>
因此,正如您从上面的第3步和示例中看到的那样,您不能这样做,因为可选参数从左到右绑定,但您想指定中间的参数。
请注意,这对 API 设计有影响:您应该设计参数列表,以便最“不稳定”的可选参数,即用户最可能希望自己提供的参数,位于最左边。
Ruby 2.0 现在具有关键字参数,这正是您要寻找的:
def foo(m1, m2, o1=:o1, o2=:o2, *s, m3, m4, key1: :key1, key2: :key2, **keys, &b)
puts local_variables.map {|v| "#{v} = #{eval(v.to_s)}" }
end
foo 1, 2, 3
# ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (3 for 4+)
foo 1, 2, 3, 4
# m1 = 1
# m2 = 2
# o1 = o1
# o2 = o2
# s = []
# m3 = 3
# m4 = 4
# key1 = key1
# key2 = key2
# b =
# keys = {}
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
# m1 = 1
# m2 = 2
# o1 = 3
# o2 = o2
# s = []
# m3 = 4
# m4 = 5
# key1 = key1
# key2 = key2
# b =
# keys = {}
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
# m1 = 1
# m2 = 2
# o1 = 3
# o2 = 4
# s = []
# m3 = 5
# m4 = 6
# key1 = key1
# key2 = key2
# b =
# keys = {}
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
# m1 = 1
# m2 = 2
# o1 = 3
# o2 = 4
# s = [5]
# m3 = 6
# m4 = 7
# key1 = key1
# key2 = key2
# b =
# keys = {}
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
# m1 = 1
# m2 = 2
# o1 = 3
# o2 = 4
# s = [5, 6]
# m3 = 7
# m4 = 8
# key1 = key1
# key2 = key2
# b =
# keys = {}
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, key1: 9
# m1 = 1
# m2 = 2
# o1 = 3
# o2 = 4
# s = [5, 6]
# m3 = 7
# m4 = 8
# key1 = 9
# key2 = key2
# b =
# keys = {}
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, key1: 9, key2: 10
# m1 = 1
# m2 = 2
# o1 = 3
# o2 = 4
# s = [5, 6]
# m3 = 7
# m4 = 8
# key1 = 9
# key2 = 10
# b =
# keys = {}
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, key1: 9, key2: 10, key3: 11
# m1 = 1
# m2 = 2
# o1 = 3
# o2 = 4
# s = [5, 6]
# m3 = 7
# m4 = 8
# key1 = 9
# key2 = 10
# b =
# keys = {:key3=>11}
foo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, key1: 9, key2: 10, key3: 11, key4: 12 do end
# m1 = 1
# m2 = 2
# o1 = 3
# o2 = 4
# s = [5, 6]
# m3 = 7
# m4 = 8
# key1 = 9
# key2 = 10
# b = #<Proc:0x007fdc75135a48@(pry):77>
# keys = {:key3=>11, key4=>12}
def my_function(h = {})
h[:c] ||= 500
# Use h[:a], h[:b], h[:c]
...
end
my_function(b: 100)
所以你想要实现关键字参数?这应该是 Ruby 2.0 的新功能,但你可以尝试使用参数哈希在 1.9.x 中模拟它。 这篇文章讨论了如何实现关键字参数,并提供以下代码示例:
def foo(options = {})
options = {bar: 'bar'}.merge(options)
puts "#{options[:bar]} #{options[:buz]}"
end
foo(buz: 'buz') # => 'bar buz'
def foo(mand1, mand2, opt1=:opt1, opt2=:opt2, *splat, mand3, mand4, &block) p local_variables.map {|v| "#{v} = #{eval(v.to_s)}" } end
是完全正确的。 - Jörg W Mittag