我正在尝试使用正则表达式验证输入的 IP 地址。我已经在互联网上搜索了一段时间,但找不到适当的正则表达式。
我编写了一个小程序来测试正则表达式,请参见此处,(IP 地址是随机生成的,如果其中有些地址属于某人,我很抱歉)
你能帮助我找到一个有效的解决方案,在客户端验证用户输入吗?(它可以是 IPv4、IPv6 或主机名,端口未包含在地址中)
谢谢。
我编写了一个小程序来测试正则表达式,请参见此处,(IP 地址是随机生成的,如果其中有些地址属于某人,我很抱歉)
你能帮助我找到一个有效的解决方案,在客户端验证用户输入吗?(它可以是 IPv4、IPv6 或主机名,端口未包含在地址中)
谢谢。
我成功地编写了一个正则表达式,可以匹配我所能想到的IPv6、IPv4和主机名,但不幸的是,一些看似无效的IP地址在某些情况下是有效的主机名,但我想这没关系。
下面是正则表达式 :) 测试程序可以在这里找到。
(^\s*((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?))\s*$)|(^\s*((?=.{1,255}$)[0-9A-Za-z](?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]|\b-){0,61}[0-9A-Za-z])?(?:\.[0-9A-Za-z](?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]|\b-){0,61}[0-9A-Za-z])?)*\.?)\s*$)|(^\s*((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?\s*$)
(
^
\s*( //IPv4
(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)
)\s*
$
)
|
(
^
\s*( //Hostname RFC 1123
(?=.{1,255}$)[0-9A-Za-z](?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]|\b-){0,61}[0-9A-Za-z])?(?:\.[0-9A-Za-z](?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]|\b-){0,61}[0-9A-Za-z])?)*\.?
)\s*
$
)
|
(
^
\s*( //IPv6
(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))
)(%.+)?\s*
$
)
我搞定了:http://jsfiddle.net/AJEzQ/
^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])$|^(([a-zA-Z]|[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])\.)*([A-Za-z]|[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*[A-Za-z0-9])$|^(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){6})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){5})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){4})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,1}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){3})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,2}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){2})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,3}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):)(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,4}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::)(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,5}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::)(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,6}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::))))$
在node.js中,你可以使用内置模块net
,它具有net.isIP(ip)
、net.isIPv4(ip)
和net.isIPv6(ip)
函数。
可以在强大的库 ippaddr.js
[2] 中找到:
这是一个全面的JS列表,可以以模块化的方式编程构建正则表达式。
这样可以将这些正则表达式的复杂性分解为更容易理解的基本部分。 它还可以让您节省代码大小 :)
注意:这仅用于验证IP地址版本4和6(不是主机名或其他与URI RFC相关的内容):
// A list of regular expressions that match arbitrary IPv4 addresses,
// for which a number of weird notations exist.
// Note that an address like 0010.0xa5.1.1 is considered legal.
const ipv4Part = '(0?\\d+|0x[a-f0-9]+)';
const ipv4Regexes = {
fourOctet: new RegExp(`^${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}$`, 'i'),
threeOctet: new RegExp(`^${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}$`, 'i'),
twoOctet: new RegExp(`^${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}$`, 'i'),
longValue: new RegExp(`^${ipv4Part}$`, 'i')
};
// Regular Expression for checking Octal numbers
const octalRegex = new RegExp(`^0[0-7]+$`, 'i');
const hexRegex = new RegExp(`^0x[a-f0-9]+$`, 'i');
const zoneIndex = '%[0-9a-z]{1,}';
// IPv6-matching regular expressions.
// For IPv6, the task is simpler: it is enough to match the colon-delimited
// hexadecimal IPv6 and a transitional variant with dotted-decimal IPv4 at
// the end.
const ipv6Part = '(?:[0-9a-f]+::?)+';
const ipv6Regexes = {
zoneIndex: new RegExp(zoneIndex, 'i'),
'native': new RegExp(`^(::)?(${ipv6Part})?([0-9a-f]+)?(::)?(${zoneIndex})?$`, 'i'),
deprecatedTransitional: new RegExp(`^(?:::)(${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}(${zoneIndex})?)$`, 'i'),
transitional: new RegExp(`^((?:${ipv6Part})|(?:::)(?:${ipv6Part})?)${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}(${zoneIndex})?$`, 'i')
};
正则表达式的整洁性是有代价的,需要更多的“分叉”解析逻辑。
请在此处检查相应的解析方法:
IPv4.parser
: https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/8c18488416e20f2d624ab6f727638673018a2a46/lib/ipaddr.js#L405
IPv6.parser
: https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/8c18488416e20f2d624ab6f727638673018a2a46/lib/ipaddr.js#L799
上述正则表达式与解析逻辑结合起来,通过对每个地址类型的断言匹配了充分条件(与之前答案中的直接匹配超大正则表达式一样)。
然而,对于每种地址类型,可能存在许多必要条件。我们可以使用这些条件来断言相反的情况(即输入不是任何一种类型):检查缺少:
字符是一种断言地址绝对不是IPv6的方法。当希望以最佳方式简单地区分(即分类)输入时,这非常方便。对于根本不包含冒号的输入运行整个IPv6正则表达式将是一种开销。
同样值得注意的是,上述库在进行IPv6验证时(或者特别是想区分两种地址类型的输入时),还实现了充分条件与必要条件之间的区别[1]:
ipaddr.IPv6.isValid = function (string) {
// Since IPv6.isValid is always called first, this shortcut
// provides a substantial performance gain.
if (typeof string === 'string' && string.indexOf(':') === -1) {
return false;
}
try {
const addr = this.parser(string);
new this(addr.parts, addr.zoneId);
return true;
} catch (e) {
return false;
}
};
ipaddr.js
区分 v4 和 v6:function getIpVersionNum(addr) {
try {
const parse_addr = ipaddr.parse(addr);
const kind = parse_addr.kind();
if (kind === 'ipv4') {
return 4; //IPv4
} else if (kind === 'ipv6') {
return 6; //IPv6
} else {
throw new Error('unexpected return value');
}
// parse() will throw an error when address passes neither validation
} catch (err) {
return 0; //not 4 or 6
}
}
[1] 这里是ipaddr.js的Github页面,您可以在这里找到源代码。
[2] 您还可以在这个网站上找到ipaddr.js,并下载它作为npm包使用。
1.2.3.4
应该肯定通过,因为它是有效的 IPv4 地址,不是吗? - Mikulas Dite