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Tomcat 7 运行的 Web 应用程序中出现 NoClassDefFoundError 错误

javamaventomcat7maven-3guice-servlet
10

我有一个使用Gucie-Servlet框架编写、由Maven 3构建的Java Web应用程序。当我将其部署到Tomcat 7容器并尝试通过浏览器访问时，Tomcat会返回404状态码。以下是来自Tomcat的日志:

Apr 4, 2013 11:39:50 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
Apr 4, 2013 11:39:50 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
Apr 4, 2013 11:39:55 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class ru.hive.webserver.config.HiveServletConfig
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: ru/hive/base/db/modules/DatabaseModule
    at ru.hive.webserver.config.HiveServletConfig.getInjector(HiveServletConfig.java:24)
    at com.google.inject.servlet.GuiceServletContextListener.contextInitialized(GuiceServletContextListener.java:45)
    at ru.hive.webserver.config.HiveServletConfig.contextInitialized(HiveServletConfig.java:19)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4797)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5291)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:977)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1655)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:439)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:895)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:918)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: ru.hive.base.db.modules.DatabaseModule
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1713)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1558)
    ... 17 more
Apr 4, 2013 11:39:55 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: ContextListener: contextInitialized()
Apr 4, 2013 11:39:55 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: SessionListener: contextInitialized()
Apr 4, 2013 11:39:55 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: ContextListener: attributeAdded('org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache', 'org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache@e8606c')

异常表示我的应用程序的 CLASSPATH 中没有名为 ru.hive.base.db.modules.DatabaseModule 的类，但事实并非如此：

frodo@shire:~/apache-tomcat-7.0.37/webapps/hive/WEB-INF/lib$ ls -l
total 30132
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo     4467 нояб. 22 13:46 aopalliance-1.0.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 27010023 апр.   4 11:39 base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo   232019 дек.  18 10:12 commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo    58160 авг.   2  2011 commons-codec-1.4.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo   196768 дек.  18 10:12 commons-digester-2.1.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo   163151 нояб. 22 13:46 commons-io-2.1.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo    60686 авг.   2  2011 commons-logging-1.1.1.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo   189285 нояб. 28 15:01 gson-2.2.2.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo   710492 февр.  6 18:59 guice-3.0.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo    65012 февр. 13 13:21 guice-servlet-3.0.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo   352585 нояб. 22 13:46 httpclient-4.1.3.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo   181410 нояб. 22 13:46 httpcore-4.1.4.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo    26938 нояб. 22 13:46 httpmime-4.1.3.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo     2497 февр.  6 18:59 javax.inject-1.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo    31866 февр.  6 18:59 jsr305-2.0.1.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo    25962 нояб. 22 13:46 slf4j-api-1.6.4.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo   371816 нояб. 22 13:46 solr-solrj-4.0.0.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo   520969 нояб. 22 13:46 wstx-asl-3.2.7.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo   608239 нояб. 22 13:46 zookeeper-3.3.6.jar

JAR base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar包含一个Tomcat找不到的类。JAR内部的目录结构与堆栈跟踪中完整类名相同。我的项目的pom.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>webserver</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.42-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <name>Api servlet</name>

    <parent>
        <groupId>ru.hive</groupId>
        <artifactId>main</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.41-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../main</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>

            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>

            <properties>
                <solr.url>http://localhost:8983/solr</solr.url>
            </properties>

            <build>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>2.0</version>
                        <configuration>
                            <server>local_tomcat</server>
                            <url>http://192.168.0.39:8080/manager/text</url>
                            <path>/hive</path>
                            <update>true</update>
                            <username>user</username>
                            <password>pass</password>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>production</id>

            <properties>
                <solr.url>http://localhost:8983/solr/hive</solr.url>
            </properties>

            <build>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>2.0</version>
                        <configuration>
                            <server>production_tomcat</server>
                            <url>http://some.ip.address:8080/manager/text</url>
                            <path>/hive</path>
                            <update>true</update>
                            <username>user</username>
                            <password>pass</password>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ru.hive</groupId>
            <artifactId>base</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.42-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.inject.extensions</groupId>
            <artifactId>guice-servlet</artifactId>
            <version>3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.findbugs</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsr305</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.solr</groupId>
            <artifactId>solr-solrj</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-digester</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-digester</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
            <id>central</id>
            <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
            <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>repo</id>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
                <checksumPolicy>ignore</checksumPolicy>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
            <url>file://${project.basedir}/lib</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <releases>
                <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
            <id>central</id>
            <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name>
            <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>

    <build>
        <finalName>hive</finalName>

        <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
        <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
        <testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
        <outputDirectory>target/classes</outputDirectory>
        <testOutputDirectory>target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
        <directory>target</directory>

        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>1.3</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.0</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>

        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>default-war</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>war</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <archive>
                                <manifest>
                                    <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                                    <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                                </manifest>
                            </archive>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>

                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                        </manifest>
                    </archive>
                    <webResources>
                        <webResource>
                            <directory>src/main/webapp/META-INF</directory>
                            <includes>
                                <include>context.xml</include>
                            </includes>
                            <filtering>true</filtering>
                            <targetPath>META-INF</targetPath>
                        </webResource>
                    </webResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>default-clean</id>
                        <phase>clean</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>clean</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>default-install</id>
                        <phase>install</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>install</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.3</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>default-resources</id>
                        <phase>process-resources</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>resources</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <id>default-testResources</id>
                        <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>testResources</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.7.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>default-test</id>
                        <phase>test</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>test</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.2</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>default-testCompile</id>
                        <phase>test-compile</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>testCompile</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <id>default-compile</id>
                        <phase>compile</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>compile</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

    <reporting>
        <outputDirectory>target/site</outputDirectory>
    </reporting>
</project>

那么问题是我做错了什么，为什么会出现ClassDefNotFound异常？
PS. maven-war-plugin配置的编辑版本:
<plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.3</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>default-war</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>war</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <webResources>
            <webResource>
                <directory>src/main/webapp/META-INF</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>context.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
                <targetPath>META-INF</targetPath>
            </webResource>
        </webResources>
    </configuration>
    </plugin>

附录. ru.hive.webserver.config.HiveServletConfig 类的清单

package ru.hive.webserver.config;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;

import ru.hive.base.db.modules.DatabaseModule;
import ru.hive.base.state.modules.StateManagerModule;
import ru.hive.webserver.api.ApiServlet;
import ru.hive.webserver.scheduler.Scheduler;

import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
import com.google.inject.servlet.GuiceServletContextListener;
import com.google.inject.servlet.ServletModule;

public class HiveServletConfig extends GuiceServletContextListener {

    @Override
    protected Injector getInjector() {
        return Guice.createInjector(new ServletModule() {
            @Override
            protected void configureServlets() {
                install(new DatabaseModule());
                install(new StateManagerModule());

                serve("/api").with(ApiServlet.class);
                serve("/scheduler").with(Scheduler.class);
            }
        });
    }

}

PPPS. <TOMCAT_HOME>/lib 中的 JAR 列表：

`-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton   15264 марта 22 18:38 annotations-api.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton   54176 марта 22 18:38 catalina-ant.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton  132729 марта 22 18:38 catalina-ha.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 1563926 марта 22 18:38 catalina.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton  255182 марта 22 18:38 catalina-tribes.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 1796326 марта 22 18:38 ecj-4.2.1.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton   46085 марта 22 18:38 el-api.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton  123241 марта 22 18:38 jasper-el.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton  599131 марта 22 18:38 jasper.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton   88690 марта 22 18:38 jsp-api.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton  177599 марта 22 18:38 servlet-api.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton    6873 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-api.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton  795308 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-coyote.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton  235411 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-dbcp.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton   77364 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-i18n-es.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton   48693 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-i18n-fr.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton   51678 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-i18n-ja.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton  123958 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-jdbc.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton   23174 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-util.jar`
1
您尝试将包含类的JAR文件放置在Tomcat的/lib目录中了吗？ - David
@david99world，在将JAR添加到<TOMCAT_HOME>/lib后，结果仍然相同。 - Fyodor Sherstobitov
ru.hive.webserver.config.HiveServletConfig类在哪里？ - Samuel EUSTACHI
@SamuelEUSTACHI，我已将此类清单添加到初始帖子中。 - Fyodor Sherstobitov
这个类是我的应用程序的一部分，并位于 WEB-INF/classes 目录中，而不是外部 JAR。它为我用于依赖注入的 Guice-Servlet 框架提供配置。 - Fyodor Sherstobitov
显示剩余6条评论
4个回答
5

好的，我找到了解决方案。经过仔细研究我的<TOMCAT_HOME>/logs/catalina.log，我发现了这条记录：

Apr 5, 2013 1:38:26 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
INFO: validateJarFile(/home/frodo/apache-tomcat-7.0.37/webapps/hive/WEB-INF/lib/base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 2.3, section 9.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class

这篇文章解释了这个信息的原因 - 我的JAR文件base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar包含与Servlet API相关的内容，因此不能被Tomcat加载。所以，在启动后，我的Web应用程序找不到该JAR中的类。我在这个JAR中使用了Twitter commons的一些部分，其中包含对Servlet API的实现。在检查了base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar的依赖关系之后，我的应用程序开始并成功加载所需的类。感谢大家！

2
这是一个棘手的问题。在我看来，这个jar验证不应该是静默的，并且默认情况下应该阻止应用程序启动。这是基本的tomcat行为（如果应用程序启动但存在问题，请查看应用程序日志；如果应用程序无法启动，请查看catalina或localhost日志）。在catalina.log中记录并让应用程序启动是相当不寻常和错误的。 - Samuel EUSTACHI
0
根本原因可能是 maven-war-plugin 已被配置为
<configuration>
    <archive>
        <manifest>
            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
        </manifest>
    </archive>
</configuration>

以上配置是为 创建 Skinny WAR 而设计的，它将 所有 war 库 引用到 ear/lib 中。
请尝试从 maven-war-plugin 配置中删除它们。然后再次构建并部署到 Tomcat 上。
我希望这可以帮助您。
我已经更改了maven-war-plugin的配置。在初始问题消息中发布了新的配置。但它没有起作用。日志中仍然出现相同的异常。 - Fyodor Sherstobitov
0

复制文件

  • com.sodius.mdw.core.jar
  • org.eclipse.emf.common.*version_name.jar
  • org.eclipse.emf.ecore.**.jar
  • org.eclipse.emf.ecore.xmi_2.9.1.v20130827-0309.jar

在你的ServletProjectName/WebContent/Web-INF/lib目录下

0

我通过在Eclipse的Java Build Path中添加Tomcat服务器来解决了这个问题。

右键单击项目 -> Build Path -> Configure Build Path -> Add library..（出现在对话框的右侧） -> Server Runtime -> 选择“Apache Tomcat v..” -> 完成

然后在服务器上运行该项目。

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