Boost Asio HTTPS请求出现“证书验证失败”错误

Question

Boost Asio HTTPS请求出现“证书验证失败”错误

7

我正在尝试使用Boost.Asio从C++应用程序通过HTTPS连接读取数据。我参考了一个类似的SO问题（使用Boost.Asio和OpenSSL进行HTTPS请求），但仍然遇到“证书验证失败”的错误。

我稍微更新了代码 - 使用谷歌代替www.mtgox.com，因为该网站已更改并给我浏览器警告，提示存在自签名证书的问题。我想象Google的证书链不会有这些问题。

我已下载发行者证书并确认它可以在命令行中正常工作：

openssl s_client -showcerts  -CApath ./certs -connect google.com:443

给我：

CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=2 C = US, O = Equifax, OU = Equifax Secure Certificate Authority
verify return:1
depth=1 C = US, O = Google Inc, CN = Google Internet Authority
verify return:1
depth=0 C = US, ST = California, L = Mountain View, O = Google Inc, CN = *.google.com
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=*.google.com
   i:/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIF/DCCBWWgAwIBAgIKHN4TOQAAAAB/azANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBGMQswCQYD
VQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UEChMKR29vZ2xlIEluYzEiMCAGA1UEAxMZR29vZ2xlIElu
dGVybmV0IEF1dGhvcml0eTAeFw0xMzAzMDcxNDI0MDFaFw0xMzA2MDcxOTQzMjda
MGYxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpDYWxpZm9ybmlhMRYwFAYDVQQHEw1N
b3VudGFpbiBWaWV3MRMwEQYDVQQKEwpHb29nbGUgSW5jMRUwEwYDVQQDFAwqLmdv
b2dsZS5jb20wgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBANVtYuy195QvNel7
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Fg0w9XZkm5uyKIi4olF9ahjWDdlzRJNwYp8cEfReW2d7buBbRIRx7QHywR3FSi9B
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BgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIwHQYDVR0OBBYEFDeOUXJygXLBA10KGrRYrS7UX19J
MB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFL/AMOv1QxE+Z7qekfv8atrjaxIkMFsGA1UdHwRUMFIwUKBO
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BggrBgEFBQcwAoZKaHR0cDovL3d3dy5nc3RhdGljLmNvbS9Hb29nbGVJbnRlcm5l
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c4ILKi5nb29nbGUuZnKCCyouZ29vZ2xlLmh1ggsqLmdvb2dsZS5pdIILKi5nb29n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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
 1 s:/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority
   i:/C=US/O=Equifax/OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIICsDCCAhmgAwIBAgIDC2dxMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAME4xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVT
MRAwDgYDVQQKEwdFcXVpZmF4MS0wKwYDVQQLEyRFcXVpZmF4IFNlY3VyZSBDZXJ0
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UUIuOss4jHg7y/j7lYe8vJD5UDI=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=*.google.com
issuer=/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 2744 bytes and written 348 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA
Server public key is 1024 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.1
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA
    Session-ID: A69DDC4E1D33F3D03603AED0CC9F101CC1A49BEE76D61AC0508A780D9E2AF06A
    Session-ID-ctx: 
    Master-Key: 8B08C4A8FB1332EE278F037B115EB4E3E6EF51BCE464B05F8B0652A2773FD34FC2F769B2AB51DCC57CF9844A8B747F97
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 100800 (seconds)
    TLS session ticket:
    0000 - 1f 6b 71 a9 3c 1f 83 b0-ad 45 ee 74 5f bb d6 3f   .kq.<....E.t_..?
    0010 - 06 a3 01 3a a6 00 53 da-b2 72 9b 16 d5 5f 54 75   ...:..S..r..._Tu
    0020 - 7e 35 10 1d c8 7e 6e 9e-29 dc f1 67 97 aa 94 77   ~5...~n.)..g...w
    0030 - 81 f5 a4 6c 25 29 61 13-12 6b d3 13 86 40 95 ae   ...l%)a..k...@..
    0040 - d0 6b d9 1f 9e 62 a4 09-68 8a fb 7b 6a b0 34 74   .k...b..h..{j.4t
    0050 - 57 0e 2f 45 d8 e9 9c 10-af 43 dc 83 b7 bd 8f 63   W./E.....C.....c
    0060 - 5e 84 d4 e1 bd 8a 18 55-de 4b a7 58 1e 9d b1 bf   ^......U.K.X....
    0070 - 84 de bb 0b 4a 9b 46 7f-cf 94 8b e3 48 53 54 49   ....J.F.....HSTI
    0080 - 1a 3b f9 41 4b 08 fc ac-b6 09 f0 5b 65 bf e3 cd   .;.AK......[e...
    0090 - 62 7b ad e4                                       b{..

    Start Time: 1363898770
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 0 (ok)

如果我接着输入

GET

我得到了Google首页的HTML/JavaScript代码，这正是我期望的内容。

然而，我的代码仍然无法实现预期的功能。（我已经尽可能把代码缩短了）：

#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <ostream>
#include <string>


class client
{
public:
  client(boost::asio::io_service& io_service, boost::asio::ssl::context& context, boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver::iterator endpoint_iterator)
    : socket_(io_service, context)
  {
    socket_.set_verify_mode(boost::asio::ssl::context::verify_peer);
    socket_.set_verify_callback(boost::bind(&client::verify_certificate, this, _1, _2));

    boost::asio::async_connect(socket_.lowest_layer(), endpoint_iterator, boost::bind(&client::handle_connect, this, boost::asio::placeholders::error));
  }

  bool verify_certificate(bool preverified, boost::asio::ssl::verify_context& ctx)
  {
    char subject_name[256];
    X509* cert = X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert(ctx.native_handle());
    X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_subject_name(cert), subject_name, 256);
    std::cout << "Verifying:\n" << subject_name << std::endl;

    return preverified;
  }

  void handle_connect(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if(!error){
      std::cout << "Connection OK!" << std::endl;
      socket_.async_handshake(boost::asio::ssl::stream_base::client, boost::bind(&client::handle_handshake, this, boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }else{
      std::cout << "Connect failed: " << error.message() << std::endl;
    }
  }

  void handle_handshake(const boost::system::error_code& error)
  {
    if(!error){
      std::cout << "Sending request: " << std::endl;

      std::stringstream request_;

      request_ << "GET HTTP/1.1\r\n";
      request_ << "Host: google.com\r\n";
      request_ << "Accept-Encoding: *\r\n";
      request_ << "\r\n";

      std::cout << request_.str() << std::endl;

      boost::asio::async_write(socket_, boost::asio::buffer(request_.str()), boost::bind(&client::handle_write, this, boost::asio::placeholders::error, boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred));
    }else{
      std::cout << "Handshake failed: " << error.message() << std::endl;
    }
  }

  void handle_write(const boost::system::error_code& error, size_t bytes_transferred)
  {
    if (!error){
      std::cout << "Sending request OK!" << std::endl;
      boost::asio::async_read(socket_, boost::asio::buffer(reply_, bytes_transferred), boost::bind(&client::handle_read, this, boost::asio::placeholders::error, boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred));
    }else{
      std::cout << "Write failed: " << error.message() << std::endl;
    }
  }

  void handle_read(const boost::system::error_code& error, size_t bytes_transferred)
  {
    if (!error){
      std::cout << "Reply: ";
      std::cout.write(reply_, bytes_transferred);
      std::cout << "\n";
    }else{
      std::cout << "Read failed: " << error.message() << std::endl;
    }
  }

private:
  boost::asio::ssl::stream<boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket> socket_;
  char reply_[0x1 << 16];
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  try{
    boost::asio::io_service io_service;

    boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver resolver(io_service);
    boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver::query query("www.google.com", "443");
    boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver::iterator iterator = resolver.resolve(query);
    boost::asio::ssl::context context(boost::asio::ssl::context::sslv23);
    context.add_verify_path("/home/mint/workspace/BoostExamples/certs");
    client c(io_service, context, iterator);
    io_service.run();
  }catch (std::exception& e){
    std::cerr << "Exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
  }

  std::cin.get();
  return 0;
}

出现以下错误：

Connection OK!
Verifying:
/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority
Handshake failed: certificate verify failed

我认为我已经正确加载了证书，但我不确定如何从Boost中获取更多信息以更好地解决问题。我使用的是Linux Mint系统，因此我不知道Debian与SSL 3的问题是否也会影响到我。即使进行了广泛的搜索并阅读了Boost.Asio文档，也没有得到太多帮助。虽然有很多参考资料，但是解释较少。

如果您有任何关于我的错误或如何找出问题原因的建议，将不胜感激。

- Joseph Wickremasinghe

请在问题本身中包含相关代码（最好是 sscce），而不是链接到其他网站。 - Sam Miller

2个回答

4

从您发布的代码中，我目前只能看到一个比较明显的原因。

看起来您在verify_certificate(...)函数中直接返回了 bool。如果这是false，那怎么办？如果boost没有预验证它，您的函数应该执行验证——而不是像现在这样简单地返回结果。

试着返回true。如果可以运行，往下看。

我可以保证您的代码应该可以直接工作，因为这是boost示例代码。但是有可能您的context.add_verify_path("/home/mint/workspace/BoostExamples/certs");会弄乱它……或者说，目录中的文件没有预期名称。参考文献如下：

Each file in the directory must contain a single certificate.
The files must be named using the subject name's hash and an extension of ".0".

- fredrik

是的，问题出在 preverified 布尔变量上（我的证书格式是正确的）。当我返回 true 时，它就工作了 - 谢谢！然而，这意味着如果直接从 Boost 网站上复制粘贴示例代码，它将无法正常工作。也许我应该通知他们以便更新代码？ - Joseph Wickremasinghe

这个例子可能会起作用 - 它不会为证书添加另一个路径。您是否验证了证书文件的名称？ - fredrik

4

我顺便提一下，仅返回 true 将意味着接受所有证书！ - fredrik

连接正常！正在验证： /C=US/O=GeoTrust Inc./CN=GeoTrust Global CA 正在验证： /C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority G2 正在验证： /C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=www.google.com 正在发送请求： GET HTTP/1.1 Host: google.com Accept-Encoding: *请求发送成功！回复：HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found Content-Type: text/html; chars然后停止。 - CocoCrisp

网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的

可以查看英文原文，
原文链接

- twes · Accepted Answer

`OpenSSL` 可能适合你的需求：

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    ...
    boost::asio::ssl::context context(boost::asio::ssl::context::sslv23);
    context.set_default_verify_paths();
    ...
}

Boost在底层使用OpenSSL的SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths()。

来自boost文档:

配置上下文以使用默认目录查找认证机构证书。

另请参见http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_53_0/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/ssl__context/set_default_verify_paths.html

Boost Asio HTTPS请求出现“证书验证失败”错误

OpenSSL 可能适合你的需求：

`OpenSSL` 可能适合你的需求：