我最近尝试运行pip命令，发现我的pip版本相当过时，所以对其进行了升级。这似乎完全破坏了我的pip安装，我无法弄清楚如何重置它。
$ pip3 --version
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (python 3.5)
You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 22.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
$ pip3 install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f3/77/23152f90de45957b59591c34dcb39b78194eb67d088d4f8799e9aa9726c4/pip-22.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.1MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 2.2MB 505kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Successfully installed pip-8.1.1
You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 22.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
$ pip3 --version
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 11, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "/home/myname/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 11, in main
from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
File "/home/myname/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py", line 12
f"pip{sys.version_info.major}",
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
这似乎源自于这个问题：https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/9526
我似乎无法卸载pip：
$ python3 -m pip uninstall pip
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python3.5/runpy.py", line 184, in _run_module_as_main
"__main__", mod_spec)
File "/usr/lib/python3.5/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File "/home/myname/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/__main__.py", line 29, in <module>
from pip._internal.cli.main import main as _main
File "/home/myname/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 57
sys.stderr.write(f"ERROR: {exc}")
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
我使用的是Python 3.5版本，但似乎无法进行升级：
$ sudo apt-get install python3.6
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package python3.6
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'python3.6'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'python3.6'
我发现了一些StackOverflow答案建议使用替代仓库，但它们也无法工作。
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install python3.6
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package python3.6
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'python3.6'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'python3.6'
我已尝试了3.6、3.7、3.8、3.9和3.10，但结果相同。
我还发现了一些堆栈溢出的答案，建议编辑/usr/bin/pip3
最初它看起来是这样的：
from pip import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(main())
我尝试了这个：
from pip._internal import __main__
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(main())
还有这个： 我尝试了这个：
from pip._internal import __main__
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(__main__._main())
但是两者都没有解决这个问题。
为了确保我没有混淆本地版本，我尝试了上述所有方法，使用/usr/bin/pip3 --version而不仅仅是pip3 --version，结果相同。
现在我有点不知道如何获得一个可用的Python和Pip版本。
来自问题的建议：
$ sudo python3.5 -m easy_install pip
Searching for pip
Best match: pip 22.1
Adding pip 22.1 to easy-install.pth file
Installing pip3 script to /usr/local/bin
Installing pip3.10 script to /usr/local/bin
Installing pip script to /usr/local/bin
Using /home/myname/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages
Processing dependencies for pip
Finished processing dependencies for pip
$ ls -lh /usr/local/bin/*pip*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 361 May 12 19:49 /usr/local/bin/pip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 363 May 12 19:49 /usr/local/bin/pip3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 369 May 12 19:49 /usr/local/bin/pip3.10
这三个语句返回相同的内容：
$ /usr/local/bin/pip --version
$ /usr/local/bin/pip3 --version
$ /usr/local/bin/pip3.10 --version
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/pip", line 11, in <module>
load_entry_point('pip==22.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 561, in load_entry_point
return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2631, in load_entry_point
return ep.load()
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2291, in load
return self.resolve()
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2297, in resolve
module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
File "/home/myname/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 57
sys.stderr.write(f"ERROR: {exc}")
^
我现在使用这里的"第二种方法"（手动安装）已经安装了Python3.6：https://askubuntu.com/questions/1152640/apt-install-doesnt-install-python3-6
然后我使用以下命令升级了pip：
sudo python3.6 -m pip install pip --upgrade
现在运行
pip --version 和 pip3 --version 会出现错误，但是直接访问可执行文件可以正常工作：$ /usr/local/bin/pip --version
pip 21.3.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)
别名目前指向：
$ which pip
/home/sortitoutsi/.local/bin/pip
$ which pip3
/home/sortitoutsi/.local/bin/pip3
看起来其他东西现在也出问题了，比如 aws。
$ aws --help
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/aws", line 19, in <module>
import awscli.clidriver
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/awscli/clidriver.py", line 17, in <module>
import botocore.session
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/botocore/session.py", line 29, in <module>
import botocore.configloader
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/botocore/configloader.py", line 19, in <module>
from botocore.compat import six
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/botocore/compat.py", line 26, in <module>
from dateutil.tz import tzlocal
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dateutil/tz/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
from .tz import *
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dateutil/tz/tz.py", line 16, in <module>
from six import string_types, PY3
ImportError: No module named six
仅通过重新安装 AWS CLI sudo python -m pip install awscli 似乎已经解决了上述问题。我猜测在某个时候通过sudo apt-get update强制更新了 AWS CLI，因为发现了一个更新的 Python 安装包。
pip：https://dev59.com/AFEG5IYBdhLWcg3wct9F#65871131 - phdsudo，因为这可能会破坏您的系统）。我推荐使用pyenv来完成这个任务，但需要进行一些设置（安装必要的构建包）。如果您使用pyenv，请仔细阅读适用于您情况的安装说明。但首先请考虑使用更高版本的操作系统。 - 9769953