Django数据库：测试数据库问题

Question

我正在学习Django测试。我编写了一个简单的应用程序，其中包含一个简单的模型，并希望运行测试以检查模型方法的有效性，但是在运行测试时出现错误消息。

以下是models.py的内容。

from django.db import models


class Trip(models.Model):
    origin = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    destination = models.CharField(max_length=20)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.origin

    def is_valid(self):
        return self.origin != self.destination

这是test.py文件

from django.test import TestCase
from .models import Trip


# Create your tests here.
class TripModelTests(TestCase):

    def test_trip(self):
        a = Trip.objects.create(origin='a', destination='a')
        self.assertIs(a.is_valid(), True)

以下是 settings.py 文件。

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'd57r9kcrhthdc7',
        'USER': 'sdqxaruartlvrd',
        'PASSWORD': 'e7b8f85611596ed125fe3ed4ea590f821f65e317c17ee7871be75b8130d72378',
        'HOST': 'ec2-3-214-46-194.compute-1.amazonaws.com',
        'PORT': '5432',
        'TEST': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
            'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
        }
    }
}

执行 python manage.py test transport 时，我收到了以下错误信息：

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\test.py", line 23, in run_from_argv
    super().run_from_argv(argv)
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 330, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 371, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\test.py", line 53, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\test\runner.py", line 695, in run_tests
    old_config = self.setup_databases(aliases=databases)
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\test\runner.py", line 614, in setup_databases
    return _setup_databases(
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\test\utils.py", line 170, in setup_databases
    connection.creation.create_test_db(
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\creation.py", line 55, in create_test_db
    self._create_test_db(verbosity, autoclobber, keepdb)
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\creation.py", line 172, in _create_test_db
    'dbname': self.connection.ops.quote_name(test_database_name),
  File "C:\Users\fabia\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\operations.py", line 113, in quote_name
    if name.startswith('"') and name.endswith('"'):
AttributeError: 'WindowsPath' object has no attribute 'startswith'

如果我只使用默认的Django设置和sqlite数据库，测试就可以正常工作...

- Fabian Omobono

Answer 1

错误可能是由于您在settings.py中的BASE_DIR路径，您需要删除斜杠/并将其更改为以下内容。

'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),

根据您的BASE_DIR内容，您可能需要进行验证以确保它指向正确的位置。调试此问题的一种方法是在数据库字典后面设置ipdb()，这样一旦使用python manage.py runserver，就可以轻松检查DATABASES结构。

import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()

Source: https://pypi.org/project/ipdb/

- David Silveiro