Robolectric：IllegalStateException：您需要在此活动中使用Theme.AppCompat主题（或其后代）

Question

我刚接触Robolectric和Android的仪器测试。我按照Robolectric的指南来测试我的第一个测试。但是，我遇到了以下问题： java.lang.IllegalStateException: You need to use a Theme.AppCompat theme (or descendant) with this activity. 我搜索了这个错误，但是没有找到帮助解决的方法。我包含了可能导致该错误的所有内容。

Gradle:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt' //needed for source code generation
apply plugin: 'jacoco'
apply plugin: 'de.mobilej.unmock'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 22
    buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"

    testOptions {
        unitTests.returnDefaultValues = true
    }

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "#######"
        minSdkVersion 15
        targetSdkVersion 22
        testHandleProfiling true
        testFunctionalTest true
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
    buildTypes {
        debug{
            testCoverageEnabled false
        }
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }

    lintOptions {
        abortOnError false
    }

    jacoco {
        version "0.7.1.201405082137"
    }

    packagingOptions {
        exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
        exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
        exclude 'META-INF/notice.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/license.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/dependencies.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/LGPL2.1'
        exclude 'META-INF/services/javax.annotation.processing.Processor'
        exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
    }

    jacoco {
        version "0.7.1.201405082137"
    }
}

def coverageSourceDirs = [
        '../app/src/main/java'
]

unMock {
    // URI to download the android-all.jar from. e.g. https://oss.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/org/robolectric/android-all/
    allAndroid =
            'https://oss.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/org/robolectric/android-all/4.3_r2-robolectric-0/android-all-4.3_r2-robolectric-0.jar'

    // classes to keep
    // matched by "startsWith" - you also need to include the dependencies manually
    // if you start with an "-" the class will match by "equals" (and it will additionally  match
    // inner classes of this class)
    keep = [
            "android.view.LayoutInflater",
            "android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity"
    ]
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:22.0.+'
    compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:22.0.+'

    //Easy parsing JSON to POJO and vice versa
    compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.3.1'

    //Photo's from URL to ImageView
    compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2'

    //REST API into an interface
    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:1.9.0'

    //Dependency Injection
    compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.0.1'
    apt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.0.1'
    provided 'org.glassfish:javax.annotation:10.0-b28'
    compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:7.0.1'

    //Realm
    compile 'io.realm:realm-android:0.82.1'

    //RxAndroid (old version)
    compile 'io.reactivex:rxandroid:0.24.0'

    testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'

    //Powermock
    testCompile ('org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito:1.6.2'){
        exclude group: 'org.mockito'
    }
    testCompile 'org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:1.6.2'

    //Testing Framework
    //compile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:2.0.31-beta'
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'

    //Robolectric
    testCompile "org.robolectric:robolectric:2.4"
}

清单：

<uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="15"
        android:targetSdkVersion="22" />
<application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".ui.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/title">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
</application>

values/styles.xml

<!-- Base application theme. -->
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
    <!-- colorPrimary is used for the default action bar background -->
    <item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
    <!-- colorPrimaryDark is used for the status bar -->
    <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
    <!-- colorAccent is used as the default value for colorControlActivated,
     which is used to tint widgets -->
    <item name="colorAccent">@color/accent</item>

    <!-- set the application's background color -->
    <item name="android:colorBackground">@color/icons</item>
</style>

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
    //implementation
}

MainActivityTest.java

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
public class MainActivityRoboTest {

    @Test
    public void test_onCreate_RecyclerViewShouldBeAvailable() throws Exception {
        MainActivity activity = Robolectric.setupActivity(MainActivity.class);
        RecyclerView r = (RecyclerView) activity.findViewById(R.id.rv);
    }
}

编辑

完整堆栈跟踪

java.lang.IllegalStateException: You need to use a Theme.AppCompat theme (or descendant) with this activity.
    at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegateImplBase.onCreate(AppCompatDelegateImplBase.java:124)
    at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegateImplV7.onCreate(AppCompatDelegateImplV7.java:146)
    at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity.onCreate(AppCompatActivity.java:59)
    at ui.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:38)
    at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5008)
    at org.robolectric.internal.ReflectionHelpers$3.run(ReflectionHelpers.java:64)
    at org.robolectric.internal.ReflectionHelpers.traverseClassHierarchy(ReflectionHelpers.java:114)
    at org.robolectric.internal.ReflectionHelpers.callInstanceMethodReflectively(ReflectionHelpers.java:59)
    at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController$1.run(ActivityController.java:115)
    at org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowLooper.runPaused(ShadowLooper.java:268)
    at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController.create(ActivityController.java:111)
    at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController.create(ActivityController.java:122)
    at org.robolectric.util.ActivityController.setup(ActivityController.java:202)
    at org.robolectric.Robolectric.setupActivity(Robolectric.java:1388)
    at ui.MainActivityRoboTest.test_onCreate_RecyclerViewShouldBeAvailable(MainActivityRoboTest.java:21)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$2.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:236)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:158)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:140)

- timr

---

你的代码实现了哪个API版本？ - KOTIOS

see updated question. - timr

Answer 1

我刚刚解决了同样的问题，我的解决方法是:

创建一个虚拟应用程序并在onCreate()中设置主题:

public class TestApplication extends Application {

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        setTheme(R.style.AppTheme); //or just R.style.Theme_AppCompat
    }
}

然后在测试中，您可以在配置文件中指定应用程序类：

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
@Config(application = TestApplication.class)
public class YourActivityTest {
    //tests
}

- Szymon Chaber

---

整洁高效，解决了我的问题。 - Berby Huang

工作吧。谢谢！ - Victor Maldonado

根据您使用的组件不同，您可能需要设置不同的主题 setTheme(R.style.Theme_MaterialComponents_NoActionBar)。 - Leonardo Sibela

请注意，在某些情况下，我们最近需要以这种方式编写：androidx.appcompat.R.style.Theme_AppCompat - Renetik

Answer 2

当我想启动一个具有appBar的片段时，我遇到了这个问题。

以下方法对我有用。

        launchFragmentInContainer<ProfileSettingsFragment>(themeResId = R.style.AppTheme).moveToState(Lifecycle.State.RESUMED)

- Mieszko Koźma

---

谢谢！它对我起作用了！ - Kurt Capatan

Answer 3

如果活动中有使用该上下文的组件，则另一种解决方案是获取Robolectric上下文对象，并将其主题设置为AppCompat。以下是单元测试中的Kotlin代码示例：

 val context: Context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()
 context.setTheme(R.style.your_theme_extending_AppCompat_Theme)
 // Use this context throughout the test.


 

- sorry_I_wont

---

这正是我所需要的解决方案。谢谢。 - Jorge Salas

Answer 4

尝试这个： 将您的Android清单文件更改为以下内容：

<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat" >
    <activity
        android:name=".ui.MainActivity"
        android:label="@string/title">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>
</application>

- KISHORE_ZE

---

你是指 android:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat" 吗？我已经添加了，但仍然出现相同的错误。 - timr

我能看到完整的logcat吗？ - KISHORE_ZE

也许还需要完整的 build.gradle 文件。 - KISHORE_ZE

尝试重新启动Android Studio。同时，SDK管理器是否配置正确？您删除了任何文件吗？ - KISHORE_ZE

这个答案与OP描述的Robolectric问题无关。 - IgorGanapolsky

Answer 5

这是Robotelectric的一个错误，以下是解决方法： 在运行Robolectric时遇到的Android Lolipop Appcompat问题 您也可以尝试升级到Robotelectric 3.0，以检查是否已修复该问题。

- Derek Fung

---

那么我认为它在3.0版本中并没有解决问题，你应该尝试一下解决方法。 - Derek Fung

很抱歉，但是解决方案也不能正常工作: android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: no such theme com.be.apppackage:themes/AppTheme。 - timr

Answer 6

在某些情况下，需要手动设置主题。

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
class YourClassTest {
    private val activity: Activity = Robolectric.buildActivity(Activity::class.java).create().get()

    @Before
    fun setupTheme() {
        activity.setTheme(R.style.Theme_MaterialComponents_Light)
    }
}

如果你要测试一个依赖于主题的自定义视图/组件，请记得在将主题分配给活动后再实例化它。

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
class YourClassTest {
    private val activity: Activity = Robolectric.buildActivity(Activity::class.java).create().get()
    private lateinit var yourCustomComponent: YourCustomComponent

    @Before
    fun setupTheme() {
        activity.setTheme(R.style.Theme_MaterialComponents_Light)
        yourCustomComponent = YourCustomComponent(activity)
    }
}

- Luiz Filipe Medeira

Answer 7

你应该使用RobolectricGradleTestRunner。

import org.robolectric.RobolectricGradleTestRunner;

@RunWith(RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class)
@Config(constants = BuildConfig.class, manifest = Config.NONE)
public class MainActivityRoboTest {

它解决了我的问题。

- jiahao

Answer 8

只需使用@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)，你就可以愉快地进行编程了

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
public class MainActivityTest {

    @Test
    public void myTest() throws Exception {
        assertEquals(true, true);
    }
}

在这里查看更多信息：http://robolectric.org/getting-started/

- whalemare

---

请在投票之前检查问题/答案的日期和当前版本，该问题是针对Robolection v2.4版本提出的。 - whalemare