我想在使用ASP.NET Web API时,从客户端应用程序对用户进行身份验证。我已经查看了该网站上的所有视频并阅读了此论坛帖子。
正确地放置[Authorize]
属性会返回401 Unauthorized
状态。然而,我需要知道如何允许用户登录到API。
我想要从Android应用程序向API提供用户凭据,使用户登录并且所有后续API调用都经过预验证。
我想在使用ASP.NET Web API时,从客户端应用程序对用户进行身份验证。我已经查看了该网站上的所有视频并阅读了此论坛帖子。
正确地放置[Authorize]
属性会返回401 Unauthorized
状态。然而,我需要知道如何允许用户登录到API。
我想要从Android应用程序向API提供用户凭据,使用户登录并且所有后续API调用都经过预验证。
允许用户登录API。
您需要在请求中发送有效的Forms身份验证cookie。通常,当服务器通过调用[FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie]
方法(请参见MSDN)进行身份验证(LogOn
操作)时,会将此cookie发送。
因此,客户端需要执行两个步骤:
LogOn
操作发送HTTP请求。这个操作将调用FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie
方法(如果凭据有效),该方法随后将在响应中设置表单身份验证cookie。[Authorize]
保护的操作发送HTTP请求。让我们举个例子。假设您的Web应用程序中定义了2个API控制器:
第一个控制器负责处理身份验证:
public class AccountController : ApiController
{
public bool Post(LogOnModel model)
{
if (model.Username == "john" && model.Password == "secret")
{
FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(model.Username, false);
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
还有第二个包含只有授权用户才能看到的受保护操作:
[Authorize]
public class UsersController : ApiController
{
public string Get()
{
return "This is a top secret material that only authorized users can see";
}
}
现在我们可以编写一个客户端应用程序来调用这个 API。以下是一个简单的控制台应用程序示例(确保已经安装了 Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Client
和 Microsoft.Net.Http
NuGet 包):
using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
using (var httpClient = new HttpClient())
{
var response = httpClient.PostAsJsonAsync(
"http://localhost:26845/api/account",
new { username = "john", password = "secret" },
CancellationToken.None
).Result;
response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
bool success = response.Content.ReadAsAsync<bool>().Result;
if (success)
{
var secret = httpClient.GetStringAsync("http://localhost:26845/api/users");
Console.WriteLine(secret.Result);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Sorry you provided wrong credentials");
}
}
}
}
以下是两个HTTP请求在网络上传输的样子:
身份验证请求:
POST /api/account HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Host: localhost:26845
Content-Length: 39
Connection: Keep-Alive
{"username":"john","password":"secret"}
身份验证响应:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: ASP.NET Development Server/10.0.0.0
Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2012 13:24:41 GMT
X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319
Set-Cookie: .ASPXAUTH=REMOVED FOR BREVITY; path=/; HttpOnly
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: -1
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 4
Connection: Close
true
请求保护数据:
GET /api/users HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:26845
Cookie: .ASPXAUTH=REMOVED FOR BREVITY
受保护数据的响应:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: ASP.NET Development Server/10.0.0.0
Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2012 13:24:41 GMT
X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: -1
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 66
Connection: Close
"This is a top secret material that only authorized users can see"
我以安卓为例。
public abstract class HttpHelper {
private final static String TAG = "HttpHelper";
private final static String API_URL = "http://your.url/api/";
private static CookieStore sCookieStore;
public static String invokePost(String action, List<NameValuePair> params) {
try {
String url = API_URL + action + "/";
Log.d(TAG, "url is" + url);
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
if (params != null && params.size() > 0) {
HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
return invoke(httpPost);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
}
return null;
}
public static String invokePost(String action) {
return invokePost(action, null);
}
public static String invokeGet(String action, List<NameValuePair> params) {
try {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(API_URL);
sb.append(action);
if (params != null) {
for (NameValuePair param : params) {
sb.append("?");
sb.append(param.getName());
sb.append("=");
sb.append(param.getValue());
}
}
Log.d(TAG, "url is" + sb.toString());
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(sb.toString());
return invoke(httpGet);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
}
return null;
}
public static String invokeGet(String action) {
return invokeGet(action, null);
}
private static String invoke(HttpUriRequest request)
throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
String result = null;
DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
// restore cookie
if (sCookieStore != null) {
httpClient.setCookieStore(sCookieStore);
}
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
response.getEntity().getContent()));
for (String s = reader.readLine(); s != null; s = reader.readLine()) {
builder.append(s);
}
result = builder.toString();
Log.d(TAG, "result is ( " + result + " )");
// store cookie
sCookieStore = ((AbstractHttpClient) httpClient).getCookieStore();
return result;
}
请注意: i.不能使用localhost,Android设备将localhost视为其自身主机。 ii.如果在IIS中部署Web API,则必须开启表单身份验证。
使用这段代码并访问数据库
[HttpPost]
[Route("login")]
public IHttpActionResult Login(LoginRequest request)
{
CheckModelState();
ApiResponse<LoginApiResponse> response = new ApiResponse<LoginApiResponse>();
LoginResponse user;
var count = 0;
RoleName roleName = new RoleName();
using (var authManager = InspectorBusinessFacade.GetAuthManagerInstance())
{
user = authManager.Authenticate(request);
} reponse(ok)
}
$('#lnkClose').click(function () {
$('#divErrorText').hide('fade');
});
$('#btnRegister').click(function () {
$.ajax({
url: '/api/account/register',
method: 'POST',
data: {
Email: $('#txtEmail').val(),
Password: $('#txtPassword').val(),
ConfirmPassword: $('#txtConfirmPassword').val()
},
success: function () {
$('#successModel').modal('show');
},
error: function (jqXHR) {
$('#divErrorText').text(jqXHR.responseText);
$('#divError').show('fade');
$('#divErrorText').show('fade');
}
})
});
});