AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding问题

Question

我正在尝试加密和解密一些简单的文本。但是不知何故出现了奇怪的错误：javax.crypto.BadPaddingException。为什么JCE会生成未正确填充的字节？

我有以下代码：

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import java.security.SecureRandom;

public class SimplestTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SecureRandom rnd = new SecureRandom();

        String text = "Hello, my dear! ... " + System.getProperty("user.home");
        byte[] textData = text.getBytes();

        IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(rnd.generateSeed(16));

        KeyGenerator generator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
        generator.init(128);
        SecretKey k = generator.generateKey();

        Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
        c.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, k, iv);
        c.update(textData);
        byte[] data = c.doFinal();

        System.out.println("E: " + data.length);

        c = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
        c.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, k, iv);
        c.update(data);

        System.out.println("R: " + c.doFinal().length);
    }

}

但是出于某些原因它无法工作。它将失败并显示以下异常：

E: 16
Exception in thread "main" javax.crypto.BadPaddingException: Given final block not properly padded
        at com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
        at com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
        at com.sun.crypto.provider.AESCipher.engineDoFinal(DashoA13*..)
        at javax.crypto.Cipher.doFinal(DashoA13*..)
        at SimplestTest.main(SimplestTest.java:31)

什么出了问题？数据大小为16个字节，但仍然显示“未正确填充”？

- Sergey Mashkov

Answer 1

Cipher.update也会返回一个byte[]。所以当你进行解密时，会丢失部分加密数据。将最后一节更新为以下内容：

Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
c.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, k, iv);
byte[] someData = c.update(textData);
byte[] moreData = c.doFinal();

System.out.println("E: " + (someData.length + moreData.length));

c = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
c.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, k, iv);
byte[] someDecrypted = c.update(someData);
byte[] moreDecrypted = c.doFinal(moreData);

System.out.println("R: " + (someDecrypted.length + moreDecrypted.length));

- John Watts

Answer 2

你可以省略对`update`方法的调用，直接将`byte[]`数据传递给`doFinal`方法，在一个步骤中执行加密或解密操作。

- laz