我使用MSSQL2005,如果我首先截断子表(具有FK关系的主键的表)可以截断带有外键约束的表吗?
我知道我可以:
- 使用没有where条件的
DELETE
,然后RESEED
标识符(或) - 删除FK,截断表并重新创建FK。
我以为只要在父表之前截断了子表,我可以不执行上述任何选项,但我收到以下错误:
Cannot truncate table 'TableName' because it is being referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint.
我使用MSSQL2005,如果我首先截断子表(具有FK关系的主键的表)可以截断带有外键约束的表吗?
我知道我可以:
DELETE
,然后RESEED
标识符(或)我以为只要在父表之前截断了子表,我可以不执行上述任何选项,但我收到以下错误:
Cannot truncate table 'TableName' because it is being referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint.
DELETE FROM TABLENAME
DBCC CHECKIDENT ('DATABASENAME.dbo.TABLENAME', RESEED, 0)
请注意,如果你有数百万条记录,这可能不是你想要的,因为它非常慢。
正确的做法是:如果一个表上有外键约束,那么你不能对其进行截断操作。
通常我的处理流程如下:
(当然,这一切都在一个事务中完成。)
当然,这只适用于子表已经被截断的情况。否则,我会根据我的数据情况采取不同的路线。(这里有太多的变量,无法一一详细介绍。)
原始帖子已经确定了为什么会出现这种情况;更多详细信息请参见此答案。
由于TRUNCATE TABLE
是一个DDL命令,所以它无法检查表中的记录是否被子表中的记录引用。
这就是为什么DELETE
可以工作而TRUNCATE TABLE
不能:因为数据库能够确保它没有被另一条记录引用。
没有ALTER TABLE
-- Delete all records
DELETE FROM [TableName]
-- Set current ID to "1"
-- If table already contains data, use "0"
-- If table is empty and never insert data, use "1"
-- Use SP https://github.com/reduardo7/TableTruncate
DBCC CHECKIDENT ([TableName], RESEED, 0)
https://github.com/reduardo7/TableTruncate
请注意:如果您有数百万条记录,这可能不是您想要的方法,因为它非常缓慢。
@denver_citizen提供的解决方案对我无效,但我喜欢它的精神,所以我做了一些修改:
为了公众利益,这里是更新的脚本:
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[truncate_non_empty_table]
@TableToTruncate VARCHAR(64)
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
-- GLOBAL VARIABLES
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @Debug bit
DECLARE @Recycle bit
DECLARE @Verbose bit
DECLARE @TableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedTableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ConstraintName varchar(250)
DECLARE @CreateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @CreateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @Statement varchar(max)
-- 1 = Will not execute statements
SET @Debug = 0
-- 0 = Will not create or truncate storage table
-- 1 = Will create or truncate storage table
SET @Recycle = 0
-- 1 = Will print a message on every step
set @Verbose = 1
SET @i = 1
SET @CreateStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>] FOREIGN KEY([<column>]) REFERENCES [dbo].[<reftable>] ([<refcolumn>])'
SET @DropStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] DROP CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>]'
SET @TruncateStatement = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [<tablename>]'
-- Drop Temporary tables
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#FKs') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #FKs
-- GET FKs
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id), clm1.name) as ID,
OBJECT_NAME(constraint_object_id) as ConstraintName,
OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName,
clm1.name as ColumnName,
OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName,
clm2.name as ReferencedColumnName
INTO #FKs
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fk
JOIN sys.columns clm1
ON fk.parent_column_id = clm1.column_id
AND fk.parent_object_id = clm1.object_id
JOIN sys.columns clm2
ON fk.referenced_column_id = clm2.column_id
AND fk.referenced_object_id= clm2.object_id
--WHERE OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) not in ('//tables that you do not wont to be truncated')
WHERE OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) = @TableToTruncate
ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)
-- Prepare Storage Table
IF Not EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Internal_FK_Definition_Storage')
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '1. Creating Process Specific Tables...'
-- CREATE STORAGE TABLE IF IT DOES NOT EXISTS
CREATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
(
ID int not null identity(1,1) primary key,
FK_Name varchar(250) not null,
FK_CreationStatement varchar(max) not null,
FK_DestructionStatement varchar(max) not null,
Table_TruncationStatement varchar(max) not null
)
END
ELSE
BEGIN
IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '1. Truncating Process Specific Tables...'
-- TRUNCATE TABLE IF IT ALREADY EXISTS
TRUNCATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
END
ELSE
PRINT '1. Process specific table will be recycled from previous execution...'
END
IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '2. Backing up Foreign Key Definitions...'
-- Fetch and persist FKs
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM #FKs))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT ConstraintName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @TableName = (SELECT TableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ColumnName = (SELECT ColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ReferencedTableName = (SELECT ReferencedTableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ReferencedColumnName = (SELECT ReferencedColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @DropStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DropStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName)
SET @CreateStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@CreateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<column>',@ColumnName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName),'<reftable>',@ReferencedTableName),'<refcolumn>',@ReferencedColumnName)
SET @TruncateStatementTemp = REPLACE(@TruncateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName)
INSERT INTO [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
SELECT @ConstraintName, @CreateStatementTemp, @DropStatementTemp, @TruncateStatementTemp
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Backing up [' + @ConstraintName + '] from [' + @TableName + ']'
END
END
ELSE
PRINT '2. Backup up was recycled from previous execution...'
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '3. Dropping Foreign Keys...'
-- DROP FOREING KEYS
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_DestructionStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Dropping [' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '4. Truncating Tables...'
-- TRUNCATE TABLES
-- SzP: commented out as the tables to be truncated might also contain tables that has foreign keys
-- to resolve this the stored procedure should be called recursively, but I dont have the time to do it...
/*
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @Statement = (SELECT Table_TruncationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > ' + @Statement
END
*/
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']'
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT 'TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']'
ELSE
EXEC('TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']')
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '5. Re-creating Foreign Keys...'
-- CREATE FOREING KEYS
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_CreationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Re-creating [' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '6. Process Completed'
END
好的,由于我没有找到我使用的非常简单的解决方案的示例,所以我需要进行翻译,具体步骤如下:
下面是具体步骤:
1)找到导致失败的外键名称(例如:FK_PROBLEM_REASON,带有字段ID
,来自表格TABLE_OWNING_CONSTRAINT
)
2)从表格中删除该键:
ALTER TABLE TABLE_OWNING_CONSTRAINT DROP CONSTRAINT FK_PROBLEM_REASON
3) 截断所需的表格
TRUNCATE TABLE TABLE_TO_TRUNCATE
4) 将该密钥重新添加到第一个表中:
ALTER TABLE TABLE_OWNING_CONSTRAINT ADD CONSTRAINT FK_PROBLEM_REASON FOREIGN KEY(ID) REFERENCES TABLE_TO_TRUNCATE (ID)
就是这样。
Msg 3728, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 'FK_User_UserTypeID' 不是一个约束。 Msg 3727, Level 16, State 0, Line 1 无法删除约束。请参阅先前的错误。
- Moeez使用删除语句删除表中所有行后,使用以下命令:
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
delete from tablename
DBCC CHECKIDENT ('tablename', RESEED, 0)
编辑:更正了 SQL Server 的语法。
这个过程是先移除外键约束和截断表,然后按照以下步骤添加约束。
仅适用于MySQL。
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
truncate table "yourTableName";
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
这是我编写的一段脚本,旨在自动化该过程。希望能对您有所帮助。
SET NOCOUNT ON
-- GLOBAL VARIABLES
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @Debug bit
DECLARE @Recycle bit
DECLARE @Verbose bit
DECLARE @TableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedTableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ConstraintName varchar(250)
DECLARE @CreateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @CreateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @Statement varchar(max)
-- 1 = Will not execute statements
SET @Debug = 0
-- 0 = Will not create or truncate storage table
-- 1 = Will create or truncate storage table
SET @Recycle = 0
-- 1 = Will print a message on every step
set @Verbose = 1
SET @i = 1
SET @CreateStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>] FOREIGN KEY([<column>]) REFERENCES [dbo].[<reftable>] ([<refcolumn>])'
SET @DropStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] DROP CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>]'
SET @TruncateStatement = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [<tablename>]'
-- Drop Temporary tables
DROP TABLE #FKs
-- GET FKs
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id), clm1.name) as ID,
OBJECT_NAME(constraint_object_id) as ConstraintName,
OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName,
clm1.name as ColumnName,
OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName,
clm2.name as ReferencedColumnName
INTO #FKs
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fk
JOIN sys.columns clm1
ON fk.parent_column_id = clm1.column_id
AND fk.parent_object_id = clm1.object_id
JOIN sys.columns clm2
ON fk.referenced_column_id = clm2.column_id
AND fk.referenced_object_id= clm2.object_id
WHERE OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) not in ('//tables that you do not wont to be truncated')
ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)
-- Prepare Storage Table
IF Not EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Internal_FK_Definition_Storage')
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '1. Creating Process Specific Tables...'
-- CREATE STORAGE TABLE IF IT DOES NOT EXISTS
CREATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
(
ID int not null identity(1,1) primary key,
FK_Name varchar(250) not null,
FK_CreationStatement varchar(max) not null,
FK_DestructionStatement varchar(max) not null,
Table_TruncationStatement varchar(max) not null
)
END
ELSE
BEGIN
IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '1. Truncating Process Specific Tables...'
-- TRUNCATE TABLE IF IT ALREADY EXISTS
TRUNCATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
END
ELSE
PRINT '1. Process specific table will be recycled from previous execution...'
END
IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '2. Backing up Foreign Key Definitions...'
-- Fetch and persist FKs
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM #FKs))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT ConstraintName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @TableName = (SELECT TableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ColumnName = (SELECT ColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ReferencedTableName = (SELECT ReferencedTableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ReferencedColumnName = (SELECT ReferencedColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @DropStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DropStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName)
SET @CreateStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@CreateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<column>',@ColumnName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName),'<reftable>',@ReferencedTableName),'<refcolumn>',@ReferencedColumnName)
SET @TruncateStatementTemp = REPLACE(@TruncateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName)
INSERT INTO [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
SELECT @ConstraintName, @CreateStatementTemp, @DropStatementTemp, @TruncateStatementTemp
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Backing up [' + @ConstraintName + '] from [' + @TableName + ']'
END
END
ELSE
PRINT '2. Backup up was recycled from previous execution...'
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '3. Dropping Foreign Keys...'
-- DROP FOREING KEYS
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_DestructionStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Dropping [' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '4. Truncating Tables...'
-- TRUNCATE TABLES
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @Statement = (SELECT Table_TruncationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > ' + @Statement
END
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '5. Re-creating Foreign Keys...'
-- CREATE FOREING KEYS
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_CreationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT ' > Re-creating [' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '6. Process Completed'
sys.foreign_keys
表中。(参考链接:http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186973(v=sql.105).aspx) - Michael你可以按照以下步骤操作,通过重新填充表格
来删除表格中的数据。
delete from table_name
dbcc checkident('table_name',reseed,0)
如果出现错误,那么您需要重新生成主表。