我需要将大约十几个对象保存到文件中，然后稍后再恢复它们。 我尝试使用pickle和shelve的循环，但是没能正常工作。
编辑。
我想保存的所有对象都属于同一个类（我之前应该提到这一点），我没有意识到可以像这样保存整个类：
import pickle
def saveLoad(opt):
global calc
if opt == "save":
f = file(filename, 'wb')
pickle.dump(calc, f, 2)
f.close
print 'data saved'
elif opt == "load":
f = file(filename, 'rb')
calc = pickle.load(f)
else:
print 'Invalid saveLoad option'
import pickle
# obj0, obj1, obj2 are created here...
# Saving the objects:
with open('objs.pkl', 'w') as f: # Python 3: open(..., 'wb')
pickle.dump([obj0, obj1, obj2], f)
# Getting back the objects:
with open('objs.pkl') as f: # Python 3: open(..., 'rb')
obj0, obj1, obj2 = pickle.load(f)
dump() 时传入参数 protocol=-1 来减小文件大小；这样 pickle 将会使用最好的可用协议，而不是默认的历史协议（该协议更向后兼容）。在这种情况下，文件必须以二进制模式打开（分别为 wb 和 rb）。'wb'，读取模式为 'rb'）。with open('objs.pickle', 'wb') as f:（注意 wb）。 - kbrosewith open('objs.pkl') as f:相对于简单的obj1, obj2 = pickle.load(open("objs.pkl","rb"))有什么必要性？这两者之间有什么区别吗？ - mpxf = open('store.pckl', 'wb') 打开一个文件进行写入。请参考https://dev59.com/8WYr5IYBdhLWcg3wKHEp。同时，使用 f = open('store.pckl', 'rb') 打开一个文件进行读取。请参考https://dev59.com/lFrUa4cB1Zd3GeqPhS1R。 - user3731622将多个变量保存到Pickle文件的另一种方法是：
import pickle
a = 3; b = [11,223,435];
pickle.dump([a,b], open("trial.p", "wb"))
c,d = pickle.load(open("trial.p","rb"))
print(c,d) ## To verify
open函数会生成一个文件句柄，需要通过存储该句柄并调用.close方法来关闭它，或者更好的方式是使用with open(...) as ...:语句块。第二种选项通常更好，因为即使发生异常，它也会自动为您关闭文件。 - cdgraham下面的方法似乎很简单，并且可以用于不同大小的变量：
import hickle as hkl
# write variables to filename [a,b,c can be of any size]
hkl.dump([a,b,c], filename)
# load variables from filename
a,b,c = hkl.load(filename)
hickle 包比 pickle 更健壮（更少出错）且更简单（更少代码）。 - user2340939klepto，它提供了对内存、磁盘或数据库的持久化缓存。dude@hilbert>$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Nov 12 2013, 13:26:39)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66))] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from klepto.archives import file_archive
>>> db = file_archive('foo.txt')
>>> db['1'] = 1
>>> db['max'] = max
>>> squared = lambda x: x**2
>>> db['squared'] = squared
>>> def add(x,y):
... return x+y
...
>>> db['add'] = add
>>> class Foo(object):
... y = 1
... def bar(self, x):
... return self.y + x
...
>>> db['Foo'] = Foo
>>> f = Foo()
>>> db['f'] = f
>>> db.dump()
>>>
dude@hilbert>$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Nov 12 2013, 13:26:39)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66))] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from klepto.archives import file_archive
>>> db = file_archive('foo.txt')
>>> db
file_archive('foo.txt', {}, cached=True)
>>> db.load()
>>> db
file_archive('foo.txt', {'1': 1, 'add': <function add at 0x10610a0c8>, 'f': <__main__.Foo object at 0x10510ced0>, 'max': <built-in function max>, 'Foo': <class '__main__.Foo'>, 'squared': <function <lambda> at 0x10610a1b8>}, cached=True)
>>> db['add'](2,3)
5
>>> db['squared'](3)
9
>>> db['f'].bar(4)
5
>>>
""" Some objects to save """
import numpy as np
a = 6
b = 3.5
c = np.linspace(2,5,11)
""" Test the dump part """
import dill
file_name = 'dill_dump_test_file.dil'
list_of_variable_names = ('a', 'b', 'c')
with open(file_name,'wb') as file:
dill.dump(list_of_variable_names, file) # Store all the names first
for variable_name in list_of_variable_names:
dill.dump(eval(variable_name), file) # Store the objects themselves
# Clear all the variables here
""" Test the load part """
import dill
file_name = 'dill_dump_test_file.dil'
g = globals()
with open(file_name,'rb') as file:
list_of_variable_names = dill.load(file) # Get the names of stored objects
for variable_name in list_of_variable_names:
g[variable_name] = dill.load(file) # Get the objects themselves