使用Espresso进行相机操作UI测试

Question

我需要使用Espresso测试项目自动化以下操作的UI测试。

操作：

点击一个按钮，打开我的手机相机。 拍照并将图像保存在SD卡存储中。 完成后还要更新屏幕上的小图像视图。

应用程序运行良好，但对于所有其他操作和类似上述操作的操作，手动测试变成了一个耗时的过程。

- Jango

---

使用 Espresso 只能测试应用程序内部的活动。相机应用程序无法被检测。请尝试使用 UI Automator：http://developer.android.com/tools/testing/testing_ui.html - haffax

Answer 1

我遇到了类似的问题，发现以下链接提供了最佳可用解决方案：相机UI测试

// CameraActivityInstrumentationTest.java
public class CameraActivityInstrumentationTest {

    // IntentsTestRule is an extension of ActivityTestRule. IntentsTestRule sets up Espresso-Intents
    // before each Test is executed to allow stubbing and validation of intents.
    @Rule
    public IntentsTestRule<CameraActivity> intentsRule = new IntentsTestRule<>(CameraActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void validateCameraScenario() {
        // Create a bitmap we can use for our simulated camera image
        Bitmap icon = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
                InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext().getResources(),
                R.mipmap.ic_launcher);

        // Build a result to return from the Camera app
        Intent resultData = new Intent();
        resultData.putExtra("data", icon);
        Instrumentation.ActivityResult result = new Instrumentation.ActivityResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, resultData);

        // Stub out the Camera. When an intent is sent to the Camera, this tells Espresso to respond 
        // with the ActivityResult we just created
        intending(toPackage("com.android.camera2")).respondWith(result);

        // Now that we have the stub in place, click on the button in our app that launches into the Camera
        onView(withId(R.id.btnTakePicture)).perform(click());

        // We can also validate that an intent resolving to the "camera" activity has been sent out by our app
        intended(toPackage("com.android.camera2"));

        // ... additional test steps and validation ...
    }
}

- Tarkik Mittal

---

有些设备，比如三星Galaxy S8，其相机应用的包名为“com.sec.android.app.camera”。这个解决方案在该设备上不起作用，是吗？ - Adam Varhegyi

Answer 2

如果您仍需要，可以使用新的Espresso-Intent来模拟活动结果，以测试此流程。请参阅Android Testing中的示例：Espresso-Intent示例。

- Yenchi

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仅做更正，正确的链接现在是https://github.com/googlesamples/android-testing/tree/master/ui/espresso/IntentsBasicSample。 - Thalescm

Answer 3

对我来说，所有的解决方案都无法直接使用，但以下方法可以。这是这个答案和这个评论的结合。

如果不调用Intents.init()，我的测试将会失败，并出现以下异常：

java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'androidx.test.espresso.intent.OngoingStubbing androidx.test.espresso.intent.Intents.internalIntending(org.hamcrest.Matcher)' on a null object reference

完整解决方案：

@Before
fun setUp() {
    Intents.init()
}

@After
fun tearDown() {
    Intents.release()
}

@Test
fun testCameraIntent() {
    // Build an ActivityResult that will return from the camera app and set your extras (if any).
    val resultData = Intent()
    resultData.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, "test.file.url")
    val result = Instrumentation.ActivityResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, resultData)

    // Mock the camera response. Now whenever an intent is sent to the camera, Espresso will respond with the result we pass here.
    intending(hasAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE)).respondWith(result)

    // Now click on the button in your app that launches the camera. 
    onView(withId(R.id.button_camera)).perform(click());

    // Optionally, we can also verify that the intent to the camera has actually been sent from out.
    intended(hasAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE))

    // At this point the onActivityResult() has been called so verify that whatever view is supposed to be displayed is indeed displayed.
    onView(withId(R.id.some_view)).check(matches(isDisplayed()))        
}

- Georgios

Answer 4

Google已经提供了一个关于相机问题的示例，他们展示了如何存根相机意图、启动相机，并测试是否从存根意图中获取图像，并在imageView上显示。

@Rule
public IntentsTestRule<ImageViewerActivity> mIntentsRule = new IntentsTestRule<>(
     ImageViewerActivity.class);

@Before
public void stubCameraIntent() {
    ActivityResult result = createImageCaptureActivityResultStub();

    // Stub the Intent.
    intending(hasAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE)).respondWith(result);
}

@Test
public void takePhoto_drawableIsApplied() {
    // Check that the ImageView doesn't have a drawable applied.
    onView(withId(R.id.imageView)).check(matches(not(hasDrawable())));

    // Click on the button that will trigger the stubbed intent.
    onView(withId(R.id.button_take_photo)).perform(click());

    // With no user interaction, the ImageView will have a drawable.
    onView(withId(R.id.imageView)).check(matches(hasDrawable()));
}

private ActivityResult createImageCaptureActivityResultStub() {
    // Put the drawable in a bundle.
    Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
    bundle.putParcelable(ImageViewerActivity.KEY_IMAGE_DATA, BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
            mIntentsRule.getActivity().getResources(), R.drawable.ic_launcher));

    // Create the Intent that will include the bundle.
    Intent resultData = new Intent();
    resultData.putExtras(bundle);

    // Create the ActivityResult with the Intent.
    return new ActivityResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, resultData);
}

查看此链接以获取更多详细信息IntentsAdvancedsample

- Dung Nguyen