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Android Marshmallow如何请求权限？

androidandroid-6.0-marshmallowandroid-permissions
202

我目前正在开发一个需要多个“危险”权限的应用程序。因此，我尝试在Android Marshmallow（API级别23）中添加“请求权限”，但无法找到如何执行的方法。

如何在我的应用程序中使用新的权限模型请求权限？

1
看这里，这就是你需要的全部内容：https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html - Thomas R.
1
请看这个链接：http://inthecheesefactory.com/blog/things-you-need-to-know-about-android-m-permission-developer-edition/en - Dory
你有没有看过Google在GitHub上的示例代码库？ - IgorGanapolsky
当时我刚接触安卓开发，看了developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html这个网页，后来安卓6.0发布了，Google的培训让我更加困惑，而且找不到任何相关教程。 - Nilabja
https://dev59.com/G1sW5IYBdhLWcg3wSFnX#52708289 - HAXM
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26个回答
293

从文档中请求运行时权限中有您可以使用的代码示例。

此答案中的代码片段取自该文档。

使用以下代码打开对话框：

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                    new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
                    1);

获取 Activity 结果如下：

@Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
                                       String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case 1: {

          // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
          if (grantResults.length > 0
                    && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                // permission was granted, yay! Do the
                // contacts-related task you need to do.          
            } else {

                // permission denied, boo! Disable the
                // functionality that depends on this permission.
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Permission denied to read your External storage", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
            return;
        }

        // other 'case' lines to check for other
        // permissions this app might request
    } }

更多信息：https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html

另外，如果用户点击取消，则执行以下操作：else if（grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults [0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED） - mehmet
2
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions 在Nugat中是否已经被弃用？ - ThunderWiring
1
你从哪里获取那个变量？是通过 ActivityCompat 吗？ - gumuruh
1
@gumuruh，什么变量？ - CoolMind
@AMITAVA https://dev59.com/x6Dia4cB1Zd3GeqPMv4F - Dixit Panchal
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67

我正在使用这种结构来检查我的应用程序是否拥有权限，如果没有权限则请求权限。所以在我想要进行检查的主要代码中编写如下：

int MyVersion = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;
if (MyVersion > Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1) {
                if (!checkIfAlreadyhavePermission()) {
                    requestForSpecificPermission();
                }
}

checkIfAlreadyhavePermission()模块的实现方式如下：

private boolean checkIfAlreadyhavePermission() {
    int result = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS);
    if (result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

requestForSpecificPermission() 模块的实现如下：

private void requestForSpecificPermission() {
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS, Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS, Manifest.permission.READ_SMS, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 101);
}

在 Activity 中使用 Override：

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case 101:
            if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                //granted
            } else {
                //not granted
            }
            break;
        default:
            super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    }
}

请参考此链接以获取更多详细信息：http://revisitingandroid.blogspot.in/2017/01/how-to-check-and-request-for-run-time.html

4
友情建议：将checkIfAlreadyhavePermission中的if语句替换为return result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;。 - Ellen Spertus
20

从Android Marshmallow开始，我们需要请求用户特定的权限。我们还可以通过代码检查是否已经给予了权限。以下是常见所需权限列表：

  • android.permission_group.CALENDAR

    • android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
    • android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

  • android.permission_group.CAMERA

    • android.permission.CAMERA

  • android.permission_group.CONTACTS

    • android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
    • android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
    • android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS

  • android.permission_group.LOCATION

    • android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
    • android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

  • android.permission_group.MICROPHONE

    • android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

  • android.permission_group.PHONE

    • android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
    • android.permission.CALL_PHONE
    • android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
    • android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
    • android.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
    • android.permission.USE_SIP
    • android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS

  • android.permission_group.SENSORS

    • android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

  • android.permission_group.SMS

    • android.permission.SEND_SMS
    • android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
    • android.permission.READ_SMS
    • android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
    • android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
    • android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

  • android.permission_group.STORAGE

    • android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    • android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

以下是检查权限的示例代码：

if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale((Activity) context, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR)) {
        AlertDialog.Builder alertBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);
        alertBuilder.setCancelable(true);
        alertBuilder.setMessage("Write calendar permission is necessary to write event!!!");
        alertBuilder.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN)
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity)context, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR}, MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_WRITE_CALENDAR);
            }
        });
    } else {
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity)context, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR}, MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_WRITE_CALENDAR);
    }
}
18
我使用了谷歌开发者编写的这个包装器（推荐）。它非常容易使用。

https://github.com/googlesamples/easypermissions

处理检查功能并在需要时请求权限
public void locationAndContactsTask() {
    String[] perms = { Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS };
    if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, perms)) {
        // Have permissions, do the thing!
        Toast.makeText(this, "TODO: Location and Contacts things", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    } else {
        // Ask for both permissions
        EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this, getString(R.string.rationale_location_contacts),
                RC_LOCATION_CONTACTS_PERM, perms);
    }
}
1
@Farhan 我明白你的意思 :) 我只希望Android的API能够更简单，这样我们就不必使用包装器了。 - younes0
我没看到“RC_CAMERA_AND_LOCATION”是从哪里来的，或者在哪里找到其他权限而不是这些，你知道它是从哪里来的吗？ - Fonix
15

我为在Activity或Fragment中请求运行时权限而创建的类

它还可以帮助您更轻松地显示理由或打开设置以启用权限，即使用户拒绝了一个权限（有/没有不再询问选项）

class RequestPermissionHandler(private val activity: Activity? = null,
                               private val fragment: Fragment? = null,
                               private val permissions: Set<String> = hashSetOf(),
                               private val listener: Listener? = null
) {
    private var hadShowRationale: Boolean = false

    fun requestPermission() {
        hadShowRationale = showRationaleIfNeed()
        if (!hadShowRationale) {
            doRequestPermission(permissions)
        }
    }

    fun retryRequestDeniedPermission() {
        doRequestPermission(permissions)
    }

    private fun showRationaleIfNeed(): Boolean {
        val unGrantedPermissions = getPermission(permissions, Status.UN_GRANTED)
        val permanentDeniedPermissions = getPermission(unGrantedPermissions, Status.PERMANENT_DENIED)
        if (permanentDeniedPermissions.isNotEmpty()) {
            val consume = listener?.onShowSettingRationale(unGrantedPermissions)
            if (consume != null && consume) {
                return true
            }
        }

        val temporaryDeniedPermissions = getPermission(unGrantedPermissions, Status.TEMPORARY_DENIED)
        if (temporaryDeniedPermissions.isNotEmpty()) {
            val consume = listener?.onShowPermissionRationale(temporaryDeniedPermissions)
            if (consume != null && consume) {
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }

    fun requestPermissionInSetting() {
        val intent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS)
        val packageName = activity?.packageName ?: run {
            fragment?.requireActivity()?.packageName
        }
        val uri = Uri.fromParts("package", packageName, null)
        intent.data = uri
        activity?.apply {
            startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE)
        } ?: run {
            fragment?.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE)
        }
    }

    fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<String>,
                                   grantResults: IntArray) {
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) {
            for (i in grantResults.indices) {
                if (grantResults[i] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    markNeverAskAgainPermission(permissions[i], false)
                } else if (!shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permissions[i])) {
                    markNeverAskAgainPermission(permissions[i], true)
                }
            }
            var hasShowRationale = false
            if (!hadShowRationale) {
                hasShowRationale = showRationaleIfNeed()
            }
            if (hadShowRationale || !hasShowRationale) {
                notifyComplete()
            }
        }
    }

    fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int) {
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) {
            getPermission(permissions, Status.GRANTED).forEach {
                markNeverAskAgainPermission(it, false)
            }
            notifyComplete()
        }
    }

    fun cancel() {
        notifyComplete()
    }

    private fun doRequestPermission(permissions: Set<String>) {
        activity?.let {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(it, permissions.toTypedArray(), REQUEST_CODE)
        } ?: run {
            fragment?.requestPermissions(permissions.toTypedArray(), REQUEST_CODE)
        }
    }

    private fun getPermission(permissions: Set<String>, status: Status): Set<String> {
        val targetPermissions = HashSet<String>()
        for (p in permissions) {
            when (status) {
                Status.GRANTED -> {
                    if (isPermissionGranted(p)) {
                        targetPermissions.add(p)
                    }
                }
                Status.TEMPORARY_DENIED -> {
                    if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(p)) {
                        targetPermissions.add(p)
                    }
                }
                Status.PERMANENT_DENIED -> {
                    if (isNeverAskAgainPermission(p)) {
                        targetPermissions.add(p)
                    }
                }
                Status.UN_GRANTED -> {
                    if (!isPermissionGranted(p)) {
                        targetPermissions.add(p)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return targetPermissions
    }

    private fun isPermissionGranted(permission: String): Boolean {
        return activity?.let {
            ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(it, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
        } ?: run {
            ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(fragment!!.requireActivity(), permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
        }
    }

    private fun shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission: String): Boolean {
        return activity?.let {
            ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(it, permission)
        } ?: run {
            ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(fragment!!.requireActivity(), permission)
        }
    }

    private fun notifyComplete() {
        listener?.onComplete(getPermission(permissions, Status.GRANTED), getPermission(permissions, Status.UN_GRANTED))
    }

    private fun getPrefs(context: Context): SharedPreferences {
        return context.getSharedPreferences("SHARED_PREFS_RUNTIME_PERMISSION", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
    }

    private fun isNeverAskAgainPermission(permission: String): Boolean {
        return getPrefs(requireContext()).getBoolean(permission, false)
    }

    private fun markNeverAskAgainPermission(permission: String, value: Boolean) {
        getPrefs(requireContext()).edit().putBoolean(permission, value).apply()
    }

    private fun requireContext(): Context {
        return fragment?.requireContext() ?: run {
            activity!!
        }
    }

    enum class Status {
        GRANTED, UN_GRANTED, TEMPORARY_DENIED, PERMANENT_DENIED
    }

    interface Listener {
        fun onComplete(grantedPermissions: Set<String>, deniedPermissions: Set<String>)
        fun onShowPermissionRationale(permissions: Set<String>): Boolean
        fun onShowSettingRationale(permissions: Set<String>): Boolean
    }

    companion object {
        const val REQUEST_CODE = 200
    }
}

在Activity中使用如下：

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private lateinit var smsAndStoragePermissionHandler: RequestPermissionHandler

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        smsAndStoragePermissionHandler = RequestPermissionHandler(this@MainActivity,
                permissions = setOf(Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE),
                listener = object : RequestPermissionHandler.Listener {
                    override fun onComplete(grantedPermissions: Set<String>, deniedPermissions: Set<String>) {
                        Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, "complete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                        text_granted.text = "Granted: " + grantedPermissions.toString()
                        text_denied.text = "Denied: " + deniedPermissions.toString()
                    }

                    override fun onShowPermissionRationale(permissions: Set<String>): Boolean {
                        AlertDialog.Builder(this@MainActivity).setMessage("To able to Send Photo, we need SMS and" + " Storage permission")
                                .setPositiveButton("OK") { _, _ ->
                                    smsAndStoragePermissionHandler.retryRequestDeniedPermission()
                                }
                                .setNegativeButton("Cancel") { dialog, _ ->
                                    smsAndStoragePermissionHandler.cancel()
                                    dialog.dismiss()
                                }
                                .show()
                        return true // don't want to show any rationale, just return false here
                    }

                    override fun onShowSettingRationale(permissions: Set<String>): Boolean {
                        AlertDialog.Builder(this@MainActivity).setMessage("Go Settings -> Permission. " + "Make SMS on and Storage on")
                                .setPositiveButton("Settings") { _, _ ->
                                    smsAndStoragePermissionHandler.requestPermissionInSetting()
                                }
                                .setNegativeButton("Cancel") { dialog, _ ->
                                    smsAndStoragePermissionHandler.cancel()
                                    dialog.cancel()
                                }
                                .show()
                        return true
                    }
                })

        button_request.setOnClickListener { handleRequestPermission() }
    }

    private fun handleRequestPermission() {
        smsAndStoragePermissionHandler.requestPermission()
    }

    override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<String>,
                                            grantResults: IntArray) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)
        smsAndStoragePermissionHandler.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions,
                grantResults)
    }

    override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
        smsAndStoragePermissionHandler.onActivityResult(requestCode)
    }
}

Github上的代码

演示视频

3
我能提供的最佳解决方案是关于如何请求许可的。 - DolDurma
@Phan，你有一个请求权限并处理未处理的代码片段吗？ - binrebin
这段代码似乎是用 Kotlin 写的。有 Java 版本可用吗？ - saumilsdk
13

Android-M即API 23引入了运行时权限以减少Android设备中的安全漏洞，用户现在可以直接在运行时管理应用程序权限。因此，如果用户拒绝了您的应用程序的特定权限，则必须通过请求权限对话框获得该权限，正如您在查询中提到的那样。

因此，在执行操作之前，请检查您是否有访问资源链接的权限，如果您的应用程序没有该特定权限，则可以请求该权限链接并处理权限请求响应，就像下面这样。

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
        String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
            // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
            if (grantResults.length > 0
                && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                // permission was granted, yay! Do the
                // contacts-related task you need to do.

               } else {

                // permission denied, boo! Disable the
                // functionality that depends on this permission.
            }
            return;
        }

        // other 'case' lines to check for other
        // permissions this app might request
    }
}
所以最后，如果你计划与新版本一起工作以避免强制关闭，浏览行为变更是一个好习惯哦 :) 权限最佳实践。 你可以在这里查看官方示例应用程序。
请注意，在接收回调时，必须确保noHistory=false。如果您没有收到回调，请参考此链接。我浪费了数小时才弄清楚这个问题。 - Atul
9

将权限添加到AndroidManifest.xml文件中。

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<application ...>
 ....
</application>

检查 Android 版本是否需要运行时权限。

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1) {
    askForPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, 1);
}

如果没有授权，请向用户请求授权

private void askForPermission(String permission, int requestCode) {
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(c, permission)
            != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(MainActivity.this, permission)) {
            Toast.makeText(c, "Please grant the requested permission to get your task done!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{permission}, requestCode);
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{permission}, requestCode);
        }
    }
}

如果权限被授予或未被授予，则执行某些操作。

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case 1:
            if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                //permission with request code 1 granted
                Toast.makeText(this, "Permission Granted" , Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            } else {
                //permission with request code 1 was not granted
                Toast.makeText(this, "Permission was not Granted" , Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
            break;
        default:
            super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    }
}
8

从安卓6.0（API 23）开始，默认情况下所有危险权限都被禁用，根据官方文档。在安装应用程序后，当您第一次打开应用程序时，您需要在运行时授予权限。

我是通过以下方式实现的：

public class MarshMallowPermission {

    public static final int EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE_BY_GALLERY = 0;
    public static final int EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE_BY_CAMERA = 1;
    public static final int EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE_BY_LOAD_PROFILE = 2;
    public static final int CAMERA_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 3;
    public static final int LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 4;
    Activity activity;
    Context mContext;

    public MarshMallowPermission(Activity activity) {
        this.activity = activity;
        this.mContext = activity;
    }

    public boolean checkPermissionForExternalStorage(){
        int result = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        if (result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean checkPermissionForCamera(){
        int result = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
        if (result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean checkLocationPermission(){

        int result = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
        if (result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public void requestPermissionForExternalStorage(int requestCode){
        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)){
            Toast.makeText(mContext.getApplicationContext(), "External Storage permission needed. Please allow in App Settings for additional functionality.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},requestCode);
        }
    }

    public void requestPermissionForCamera(){
        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)){
            Toast.makeText(mContext.getApplicationContext(), "Camera permission needed. Please allow in App Settings for additional functionality.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA},CAMERA_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
        }
    }
    public void requestPermissionForLocation(){
        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) && ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)){
            Toast.makeText(mContext.getApplicationContext(), "Location permission needed. Please allow in App Settings for additional functionality.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
        }
    }
}

在您的活动类中：

 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity{

   private MarshMallowPermission marshMallowPermission;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.d("NavHome", "Oncreate_nav");
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        marshMallowPermission = new MarshMallowPermission(MainActivity.this);



        if (!marshMallowPermission.checkPermissionForExternalStorage()) {
            marshMallowPermission.requestPermissionForExternalStorage(MarshMallowPermission.EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE_BY_LOAD_PROFILE);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

        switch (requestCode) {
            case MarshMallowPermission.EXTERNAL_STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE_BY_LOAD_PROFILE:
                if (grantResults.length > 0
                        && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                    //permission granted successfully

                } else {

                 //permission denied

                }
                break;
    }
    }

}
4
我正在使用这个作为基础Fragment类。我只从一个Fragment中请求权限，但是您可以重构它并制作一个类似的Activity版本。
public class BaseFragment extends Fragment {

    private static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_BLOCK_INTERNAL = 555;
    private static final String PERMISSION_SHARED_PREFERENCES = "permissions";

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        if (requestCode == PERMISSION_REQUEST_BLOCK_INTERNAL) {
            boolean allPermissionsGranted = true;

            for (int iGranting : grantResults) {
                if (iGranting != PermissionChecker.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    allPermissionsGranted = false;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (allPermissionsGranted && permissionBlock != null) {
                permissionBlock.run();
            }

            permissionBlock = null;
        }
    }

    public void runNowOrAskForPermissionsFirst(String permission, Runnable block) {
        if (hasPermission(permission)) {
            block.run();
        } else if (!hasPermissionOrWillAsk(permission)) {
            permissionBlock = block;
            askForPermission(permission, PERMISSION_REQUEST_BLOCK_INTERNAL);
        }
    }

    public boolean hasPermissionOrWillAsk(String permission) {
        boolean hasPermission = hasPermission(permission);
        boolean hasAsked = hasPreviouslyAskedForPermission(permission);
        boolean shouldExplain = shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission);

        return hasPermission || (hasAsked && !shouldExplain);
    }

    private boolean hasPermission(String permission) {
        return (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getContext(), permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED);
    }

    private boolean hasPreviouslyAskedForPermission(String permission) {
        SharedPreferences prefs = getContext().getSharedPreferences(PERMISSION_SHARED_PREFERENCES, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
        return prefs.getBoolean(permission, false);
    }

    private void askForPermission(String permission, int requestCode) {
        SharedPreferences.Editor editor = getContext().getSharedPreferences(PERMISSION_SHARED_PREFERENCES, Context.MODE_PRIVATE).edit();

        editor.putBoolean(permission, true);
        editor.apply();

        requestPermissions(new String[] { permission }, requestCode);
    }
}

有两个关键方法需要使用：

  • hasPermissionOrWillAsk - 使用此方法查看用户是否拒绝再次询问权限。当用户向您表示不希望某项功能时，这对于禁用UI非常有用。

  • runNowOrAskForPermissionsFirst - 使用此方法运行需要权限的代码。如果用户已经授予权限，则代码将立即运行。否则，如果用户同意授权，则代码将稍后运行。或者根本不运行。这很好，因为可以在一个地方指定代码。

下面是一个示例：

mFragment.runNowOrAskForPermissionsFirst(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        ...do something if we have permission...
    }
});

很高兴得到反馈。需要说明的是，这个特定例子有点简化了，你还需要检查设备上是否启用了位置服务（这与权限不同）。此外，它只支持一种权限，但如果需要同时支持多个权限，则很容易进行修改。

4
为了处理运行时权限，谷歌提供了一个库项目。您可以从这里查看 https://github.com/googlesamples/easypermissions 添加以下依赖项到您的build.gradle文件中即可安装EasyPermissions：
dependencies {
compile 'pub.devrel:easypermissions:0.3.0'
}

为了开始使用EasyPermissions，你需要让你的Activity（或Fragment）重写onRequestPermissionsResult方法：
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

    // Forward results to EasyPermissions
    EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);
}

@Override
public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, List<String> list) {
    // Some permissions have been granted
    // ...
}

@Override
public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, List<String> list) {
    // Some permissions have been denied
    // ...
}
}

这里将为您提供一个可工作的示例，演示此库的使用方法 https://github.com/milon87/EasyPermission

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