我有一个显示NSAttributedString的UITextView。 这个字符串包含我想要点击的单词，当它们被点击时我会被回调以便执行某个操作。 我知道UITextView可以检测URL的点击并回调我的代理，但这些不是URL。
在我看来，随着iOS 7和TextKit的强大功能，现在应该是可能的。 但是我找不到任何例子，也不确定从哪里开始。
我了解现在可以在字符串中创建自定义属性（尽管我尚未这样做），也许这些属性将有助于检测是否已经点击了其中一个单词？ 无论如何，我仍然不知道如何拦截该点击并检测点击发生在哪个单词上。
请注意，不需要兼容iOS 6。
我希望能够更好地帮助他人。继Shmidt的回答之后，可以完全按照我在原问题中所要求的方式进行操作。
1）创建具有自定义属性的属性字符串，并将其应用于可点击的单词。例如：
NSAttributedString* attributedString = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"a clickable word" attributes:@{ @"myCustomTag" : @(YES) }];
[paragraph appendAttributedString:attributedString];
2）创建一个UITextView来显示该字符串，并添加一个UITapGestureRecognizer。然后处理点击事件：
- (void)textTapped:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer
{
UITextView *textView = (UITextView *)recognizer.view;
// Location of the tap in text-container coordinates
NSLayoutManager *layoutManager = textView.layoutManager;
CGPoint location = [recognizer locationInView:textView];
location.x -= textView.textContainerInset.left;
location.y -= textView.textContainerInset.top;
// Find the character that's been tapped on
NSUInteger characterIndex;
characterIndex = [layoutManager characterIndexForPoint:location
inTextContainer:textView.textContainer
fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints:NULL];
if (characterIndex < textView.textStorage.length) {
NSRange range;
id value = [textView.attributedText attribute:@"myCustomTag" atIndex:characterIndex effectiveRange:&range];
// Handle as required...
NSLog(@"%@, %d, %d", value, range.location, range.length);
}
}
只要你知道如何操作，这就非常容易！
对于初学者来说，有时候设置东西可能有些困难（至少我是这样），所以这个示例会更详细一些。
UITextView。
使用一个名为 textView 的 outlet 将 UITextView 连接到 ViewController。
我们将通过创建一个扩展来创建一个自定义属性。
注意：这个步骤技术上是可选的，但是如果你不这么做，下一部分的代码需要使用标准属性，例如
NSAttributedString.Key.foregroundColor。使用自定义属性的好处在于你可以定义你想要存储在属性文本范围内的值。
使用文件 > 新建 > 文件... > iOS > 源代码 > Swift 文件添加一个新的 Swift 文件。你可以给它取任何你想要的名字。我要把我的命名为 NSAttributedStringKey+CustomAttribute.swift。
将以下代码粘贴到文件中：
import Foundation
extension NSAttributedString.Key {
static let myAttributeName = NSAttributedString.Key(rawValue: "MyCustomAttribute")
}
将ViewController.swift中的代码替换为以下内容。注意 UIGestureRecognizerDelegate。
import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController, UIGestureRecognizerDelegate {
@IBOutlet weak var textView: UITextView!
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Create an attributed string
let myString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: "Swift attributed text")
// Set an attribute on part of the string
let myRange = NSRange(location: 0, length: 5) // range of "Swift"
let myCustomAttribute = [ NSAttributedString.Key.myAttributeName: "some value"]
myString.addAttributes(myCustomAttribute, range: myRange)
textView.attributedText = myString
// Add tap gesture recognizer to Text View
let tap = UITapGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: #selector(myMethodToHandleTap(_:)))
tap.delegate = self
textView.addGestureRecognizer(tap)
}
@objc func myMethodToHandleTap(_ sender: UITapGestureRecognizer) {
let myTextView = sender.view as! UITextView
let layoutManager = myTextView.layoutManager
// location of tap in myTextView coordinates and taking the inset into account
var location = sender.location(in: myTextView)
location.x -= myTextView.textContainerInset.left;
location.y -= myTextView.textContainerInset.top;
// character index at tap location
let characterIndex = layoutManager.characterIndex(for: location, in: myTextView.textContainer, fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints: nil)
// if index is valid then do something.
if characterIndex < myTextView.textStorage.length {
// print the character index
print("character index: \(characterIndex)")
// print the character at the index
let myRange = NSRange(location: characterIndex, length: 1)
let substring = (myTextView.attributedText.string as NSString).substring(with: myRange)
print("character at index: \(substring)")
// check if the tap location has a certain attribute
let attributeName = NSAttributedString.Key.myAttributeName
let attributeValue = myTextView.attributedText?.attribute(attributeName, at: characterIndex, effectiveRange: nil)
if let value = attributeValue {
print("You tapped on \(attributeName.rawValue) and the value is: \(value)")
}
}
}
}
现在，如果您点击“Swift”中的“w”，您应该会得到以下结果：
character index: 1
character at index: w
You tapped on MyCustomAttribute and the value is: some value
UIColor.green的文本颜色NSAttributedString.Key.foregroundColor。这个答案基于这个问题的几个其他答案。除此之外，请参阅：
如果字符索引小于12 {
textView.textColor = UIColor.magenta
} else {
textView.textColor = UIColor.blue
}非常清晰和简单易懂的代码。 - Jeremy Andrews这是一个稍作修改的版本，基于@tarmes答案。在没有下面的微调之前，我无法让value变量返回除null以外的任何内容。此外，为了确定结果操作，我需要完整的属性字典返回。如果我违反了协议，请提前谅解。
具体的微调是使用textView.textStorage而不是textView.attributedText。身为iOS程序员新手，我真的不知道为什么，但也许其他人可以给我们启示。
在点击处理方法中的具体修改：
NSDictionary *attributesOfTappedText = [textView.textStorage attributesAtIndex:characterIndex effectiveRange:&range];
在我的视图控制器中的完整代码
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
self.textView.attributedText = [self attributedTextViewString];
UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(textTapped:)];
[self.textView addGestureRecognizer:tap];
}
- (NSAttributedString *)attributedTextViewString
{
NSMutableAttributedString *paragraph = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a string with " attributes:@{NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor blueColor]}];
NSAttributedString* attributedString = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"a tappable string"
attributes:@{@"tappable":@(YES),
@"networkCallRequired": @(YES),
@"loadCatPicture": @(NO)}];
NSAttributedString* anotherAttributedString = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@" and another tappable string"
attributes:@{@"tappable":@(YES),
@"networkCallRequired": @(NO),
@"loadCatPicture": @(YES)}];
[paragraph appendAttributedString:attributedString];
[paragraph appendAttributedString:anotherAttributedString];
return [paragraph copy];
}
- (void)textTapped:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer
{
UITextView *textView = (UITextView *)recognizer.view;
// Location of the tap in text-container coordinates
NSLayoutManager *layoutManager = textView.layoutManager;
CGPoint location = [recognizer locationInView:textView];
location.x -= textView.textContainerInset.left;
location.y -= textView.textContainerInset.top;
NSLog(@"location: %@", NSStringFromCGPoint(location));
// Find the character that's been tapped on
NSUInteger characterIndex;
characterIndex = [layoutManager characterIndexForPoint:location
inTextContainer:textView.textContainer
fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints:NULL];
if (characterIndex < textView.textStorage.length) {
NSRange range;
NSDictionary *attributes = [textView.textStorage attributesAtIndex:characterIndex effectiveRange:&range];
NSLog(@"%@, %@", attributes, NSStringFromRange(range));
//Based on the attributes, do something
///if ([attributes objectForKey:...)] //make a network call, load a cat Pic, etc
}
}
iOS 7使制作自定义链接并在触摸时执行所需操作变得更加容易。 在Ray Wenderlich网站上有非常好的例子。
UITextView检测链接，但它仍然无法检测到链接的原因。我还将其设置为不可选择状态。+1 - Kedar ParanjapeNSLayoutManager *layoutManager = textView.layoutManager;
CGPoint location = [touch locationInView:textView];
NSUInteger characterIndex;
characterIndex = [layoutManager characterIndexForPoint:location
inTextContainer:textView.textContainer
fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints:NULL];
if (characterIndex < textView.textStorage.length) {
// valid index
// Find the word range here
// using -enumerateSubstringsInRange:options:usingBlock:
}
我可以很简单地用NSLinkAttributeName来解决这个问题。
Swift 2
class MyClass: UIViewController, UITextViewDelegate {
@IBOutlet weak var tvBottom: UITextView!
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
let attributedString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: "click me ok?")
attributedString.addAttribute(NSLinkAttributeName, value: "cs://moreinfo", range: NSMakeRange(0, 5))
tvBottom.attributedText = attributedString
tvBottom.delegate = self
}
func textView(textView: UITextView, shouldInteractWithURL URL: NSURL, inRange characterRange: NSRange) -> Bool {
UtilityFunctions.alert("clicked", message: "clicked")
return false
}
}
if URL.scheme == "cs"的URL，并且在if语句之外设置return true，这样UITextView就可以处理正常点击的https://链接。 - Daniel Storm使用 Swift 3 检测带属性文本上的行为的完整示例
let termsAndConditionsURL = TERMS_CONDITIONS_URL;
let privacyURL = PRIVACY_URL;
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
self.txtView.delegate = self
let str = "By continuing, you accept the Terms of use and Privacy policy"
let attributedString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: str)
var foundRange = attributedString.mutableString.range(of: "Terms of use") //mention the parts of the attributed text you want to tap and get an custom action
attributedString.addAttribute(NSLinkAttributeName, value: termsAndConditionsURL, range: foundRange)
foundRange = attributedString.mutableString.range(of: "Privacy policy")
attributedString.addAttribute(NSLinkAttributeName, value: privacyURL, range: foundRange)
txtView.attributedText = attributedString
}
然后您可以使用 shouldInteractWith URL UITextViewDelegate 委托方法来捕获操作。因此，请确保已正确设置委托。
func textView(_ textView: UITextView, shouldInteractWith URL: URL, in characterRange: NSRange) -> Bool {
let storyboard = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil)
let vc = storyboard.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "WebView") as! SKWebViewController
if (URL.absoluteString == termsAndConditionsURL) {
vc.strWebURL = TERMS_CONDITIONS_URL
self.navigationController?.pushViewController(vc, animated: true)
} else if (URL.absoluteString == privacyURL) {
vc.strWebURL = PRIVACY_URL
self.navigationController?.pushViewController(vc, animated: true)
}
return false
}
同样地，您可以根据您的需求执行任何操作。
干杯！
在Swift 5和iOS 12中，您可以创建UITextView的子类，并覆盖point(inside:with:)以进行一些TextKit实现，以使其中的某些NSAttributedStrings具有可点击性。
以下代码展示了如何创建一个UITextView，它只响应其中带下划线的NSAttributedString的点击：
InteractiveUnderlinedTextView.swift
import UIKit
class InteractiveUnderlinedTextView: UITextView {
override init(frame: CGRect, textContainer: NSTextContainer?) {
super.init(frame: frame, textContainer: textContainer)
configure()
}
required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
super.init(coder: aDecoder)
configure()
}
func configure() {
isScrollEnabled = false
isEditable = false
isSelectable = false
isUserInteractionEnabled = true
}
override func point(inside point: CGPoint, with event: UIEvent?) -> Bool {
let superBool = super.point(inside: point, with: event)
let characterIndex = layoutManager.characterIndex(for: point, in: textContainer, fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints: nil)
guard characterIndex < textStorage.length else { return false }
let attributes = textStorage.attributes(at: characterIndex, effectiveRange: nil)
return superBool && attributes[NSAttributedString.Key.underlineStyle] != nil
}
}
ViewController.swift
import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
let linkTextView = InteractiveUnderlinedTextView()
linkTextView.backgroundColor = .orange
let mutableAttributedString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: "Some text\n\n")
let attributes = [NSAttributedString.Key.underlineStyle: NSUnderlineStyle.single.rawValue]
let underlinedAttributedString = NSAttributedString(string: "Some other text", attributes: attributes)
mutableAttributedString.append(underlinedAttributedString)
linkTextView.attributedText = mutableAttributedString
let tapGesture = UITapGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: #selector(underlinedTextTapped))
linkTextView.addGestureRecognizer(tapGesture)
view.addSubview(linkTextView)
linkTextView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
linkTextView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerXAnchor).isActive = true
linkTextView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerYAnchor).isActive = true
linkTextView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.readableContentGuide.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
}
@objc func underlinedTextTapped(_ sender: UITapGestureRecognizer) {
print("Hello")
}
}
你可以使用characterIndexForPoint:inTextContainer:fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints:来实现。它的工作方式与您想要的略有不同-您需要测试点击的字符是否属于一个魔法单词。但这并不复杂。
顺便说一句，我强烈推荐观看WWDC 2013的介绍
使用这个Swift扩展：
import UIKit
extension UITapGestureRecognizer {
func didTapAttributedTextInTextView(textView: UITextView, inRange targetRange: NSRange) -> Bool {
let layoutManager = textView.layoutManager
let locationOfTouch = self.location(in: textView)
let index = layoutManager.characterIndex(for: locationOfTouch, in: textView.textContainer, fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints: nil)
return NSLocationInRange(index, targetRange)
}
}
为您的文本视图添加以下选择器的UITapGestureRecognizer：
guard let text = textView.attributedText?.string else {
return
}
let textToTap = "Tap me"
if let range = text.range(of: textToTap),
tapGesture.didTapAttributedTextInTextView(textView: textTextView, inRange: NSRange(range, in: text)) {
// Tap recognized
}