ASP.NET Core中的AppSettings在托管服务内部使用时失败

Question

ASP.NET Core中的AppSettings在托管服务内部使用时失败

c#.netasp.net-coreautofac

3

我有以下内容：

   public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
                WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                    .UseStartup<Startup>()
                    .ConfigureServices(services => services.AddAutofac());

public class HostedServiceA : IHostedService
{
    private readonly AppSettings appSettings;

    public HostedServiceA(AppSettings appSettings)
    {
        this.appSettings = appSettings;
    }

    public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }

    public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
    services.AddHttpClient();

    services.Configure<AppSettings>(Configuration.GetSection("AppSettings"));

    services.AddAutoMapper(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies());

    services.AddHostedService<HostedServiceA>();
}

public void ConfigureContainer(ContainerBuilder builder)
{
    builder.RegisterType<SomeService>().As<ISomeService>().SingleInstance();
}

我正在使用autofac。当我尝试运行时，会出现异常，程序无法启动：AppSettings 也在其他服务中使用。当我从 HostedService 中删除 AppSettings 时，它就可以正常工作。

Unhandled Exception: Autofac.Core.DependencyResolutionException: An exception was thrown while activating Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.HostedServiceExecutor -> ?:Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.IHostedService[] -> Test.MicroService.MicroServices.Web.HostedServices.RatesHostedService. ---> Autofac.Core.DependencyResolutionException: None of the constructors found with 'Autofac.Core.Activators.Reflection.DefaultConstructorFinder' on type 'Test.MicroService.MicroServices.Web.HostedServices.RatesHostedService' can be invoked with the available services and parameters:
Cannot resolve parameter 'Test.MicroService.MicroServices.Infrastructure.AppSettings appSettings' of constructor 'Void .ctor(Test.MicroService.MicroServices.Infrastructure.AppSettings)'.                                            at Autofac.Core.Activators.Reflection.ReflectionActivator.GetValidConstructorBindings(IComponentContext context, IEnumerable`1 parameters) in C:\projects\autofac\src\Autofac\Core\Activators\Reflection\ReflectionActivator.cs:line 160
   at Autofac.Core.Activators.Reflection.ReflectionActivator.ActivateInstance(IComponentContext context, IEnumerable`1 parameters) in C:\projects\autofac\src\Autofac\Core\Activators\Reflection\ReflectionActivator.cs:line 120
   at Autofac.Core.Resolving.InstanceLookup.Activate(IEnumerable`1 parameters, Object& decoratorTarget) in C:\projects\autofac\src\Autofac\Core\Resolving\InstanceLookup.cs:line 118
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at Autofac.Core.Resolving.InstanceLookup.Activate(IEnumerable`1 parameters, Object& decoratorTarget) in C:\projects\autofac\src\Autofac\Core\Resolving\InstanceLookup.cs:line 136
   at Autofac.Core.Lifetime.LifetimeScope.GetOrCreateAndShare(Guid id, Func`1 creator) in C:\projects\autofac\src\Autofac\Core\Lifetime\LifetimeScope.cs:line 306
   at Autofac.Core.Resolving.InstanceLookup.Execute() in C:\projects\autofac\src\Autofac\Core\Resolving\InstanceLookup.cs:line 85
   at Autofac.Core.Resolving.ResolveOperation.GetOrCreateInstance(ISharingLifetimeScope currentOperationScope, IComponentRegistration registration, IEnumerable`1 parameters) in C:\projects\autofac\src\Autofac\Core\Resolving\ResolveOperation.cs:line 130                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 at Autofac.Core.Resolving.ResolveOperation.Execute(IComponentRegistration registration, IEnumerable`1 parameters) in C:\projects\autofac\src\Autofac\Core\Resolving\ResolveOperation.cs:line 83
   at Autofac.ResolutionExtensions.TryResolveService(IComponentContext context, Service service, IEnumerable`1 parameters, Object& instance) in C:\projects\autofac\src\Autofac\ResolutionExtensions.cs:line 1041
   at Autofac.ResolutionExtensions.ResolveService(IComponentContext context, Service service, IEnumerable`1 parameters) in C:\projects\autofac\src\Autofac\ResolutionExtensions.cs:line 871
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService(IServiceProvider provider, Type serviceType)
   at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetRequiredService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost.StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.RunAsync(IWebHost host, CancellationToken token, String shutdownMessage)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.RunAsync(IWebHost host, CancellationToken token)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.WebHostExtensions.Run(IWebHost host)

我做错了什么？

- pantonis

错误信息并未提到 appsettings 文件。它抱怨你自己的自定义 Test.MicroService.MicroServices.Infrastructure.AppSettings 类没有在 DI 容器中注册，或者找不到该类。 - Panagiotis Kanavos

@PanagiotisKanavos，我已经完成了services.Configure<AppSettings>(Configuration.GetSection("AppSettings"));。我编辑了原帖并添加了当我在其他地方使用AppSettings时，它可以正常工作的内容。但是当我将其添加到HostedService中时，它不起作用。 - pantonis

然而，这正是错误抱怨的内容。您配置了Autofac吗？您的Main是什么样子的？它应该在.UseStartup<Startup>()之前包含.ConfigureServices(services => services.AddAutofac())。 - Panagiotis Kanavos

已经注册成功。我编辑了我的初始帖子，添加了注册autofac的代码。 - pantonis

顺序不对。 - Panagiotis Kanavos

2个回答

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- vsarunov · Answer 1

托管服务在单独的线程上运行。DI 每个线程都有自己的工作，您需要像这样做：

public MyHostedService(IServiceScopeFactory serviceScopeFactory)
            : base(consumer)
        {
            _serviceScopeFactory = serviceScopeFactory ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(serviceScopeFactory));

        }

And inside the method use like this:

using (var scope = _serviceScopeFactory.CreateScope())
                {
                    var storageService = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<MyService>();

}

- Panagiotis Kanavos · Answer 2

最有可能的是 Autofac 没有被配置，或者配置没有出现在正确的位置。

错误提示说即使有一个调用，Autofac 也找不到 Test.MicroService.MicroServices.Infrastructure.AppSettings 类。

services.Configure<AppSettings>(Configuration.GetSection("AppSettings"));

这个调用将会在当前 DI 容器中注册 AppSettings 类。这意味着 DI 容器必须在任何尝试注册服务之前进行配置。

var host = new WebHostBuilder()
    .UseKestrel()
    .ConfigureServices(services => services.AddAutofac())
    ....
    .UseStartup<Startup>()
    .Build();