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使用Java将XML转换为JSON

javaxmljson
8
有没有一种方法可以将xml文件转换为json？由于XML的结构可能是任意的，因此没有POJO类可用于实例化。我需要将xml转换为json或Map，不带根节点。
例如：
<import name="person">
    <item>
        <firstName>Emil</firstName>
        <lastName>Example</lastName>
        <addresses>
            <address>
                <street>Example Blvd.</street>
            </address>
            <address>
                <street>Example Ave.</street>
            </address>
        </addresses>
    </item>
</import>

预期的 JSON

{
    "firstName": "Emil",
    "lastName": "Example",
    "addresses": [
        { "street" : "Example Blvd." },
        { "street" : "Example Ave." }
    ]
}
2
你听说过SAX或DOM解析器吗？使用基本的XML解析应该相当容易。 - Smutje
1
XML 到 JSON 之间没有规范的映射。那么属性或命名空间呢？包含文本和其他元素的元素呢？ - user1907906
2
可能是 在Java中将XML转换为JSON的最快方法 的重复问题。 - Joe
@Dominic - 有没有办法我们可以移除根元素，或者反过来做呢？ - PAA
7个回答
17
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.json.XML;

XML.toJSONObject(xml_text).toString()

org.json.XML

2
如果有人想知道如何获取此库的JAR文件，请访问以下链接：https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.json/json/ - Eugenijus S.
@所有人- 你们能否指导一下 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59450130/convert-json-to-xml-and-vice-versa?noredirect=1#comment105082819_59450130？ - PAA
8
您可以从json.org使用JSON和XML库。
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.json.XML;
import org.junit.Test;

public class XmlToJsonTest {
    private static final String XML_TEXT = "<note>\n" +
            "<to>Tove</to>\n" +
            "<from>Jani</from>\n" +
            "<heading>Reminder</heading>\n" +
            "<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>\n" +
            "</note>";
    private static final int PRETTY_PRINT_INDENT_FACTOR = 4;

    @Test
    public void convert() {
        JSONObject xmlJSONObj = XML.toJSONObject(XML_TEXT);
        String jsonPrettyPrintString = xmlJSONObj.toString(PRETTY_PRINT_INDENT_FACTOR);
        System.out.println(jsonPrettyPrintString);
    }
}

源代码

<note>
    <to>Tove</to>
    <from>Jani</from>
    <heading>Reminder</heading>
    <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>

输出

{"note": {
    "heading": "Reminder",
    "from": "Jani",
    "to": "Tove",
    "body": "Don't forget me this weekend!"
}}
这不是我想要的（“没有根节点”）。 - Dominic
3
去掉开头和结尾的符号 ")"。 - KonK
3
如果您正在使用Java 8，您应该查看我的开源库：unXml。 unXml基本上从Xpath映射到Json属性。
它可以在Maven Central上获得。 示例 
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
import com.nerdforge.unxml.factory.ParsingFactory;
import com.nerdforge.unxml.parsers.Parser;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;

public class ParserExample {
    public ObjectNode parseXml(String xml){
        Parsing parsing = ParsingFactory.getInstance().create();
        Document document = parsing.xml().document(xml);

        Parser<ObjectNode> parser = parsing.obj("//item")
            .attribute("firstName", "firstName")
            .attribute("lastName", "lastName")
            .attribute("addresses", parsing.arr("addresses/address", parsing.obj()
                .attribute("street", "street")
            ))
            .build();

        ObjectNode result = parser.apply(document);
        return result;
    }
}

它会返回一个Jackson ObjectNode，其中包含你示例中的JSON。
2
在这个网站上，您可以在页面底部的Java部分找到一些有用的类来完成您的任务。
public class Main {

    public static int PRETTY_PRINT_INDENT_FACTOR = 4;
    public static String TEST_XML_STRING = "Your xml string here";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            JSONObject xmlJSONObj = XML.toJSONObject(TEST_XML_STRING);
            String jsonPrettyPrintString = xmlJSONObj.toString(PRETTY_PRINT_INDENT_FACTOR);
            System.out.println(jsonPrettyPrintString);
        } catch (JSONException je) {
            System.out.println(je.toString());
        }
    }
}
链接已经失效。 - Kasun Siyambalapitiya
是的，链接已经失效了，但是 http://www.json.org/ 包含了一个“Java”部分，其中列出了所有可用的处理 JSON 的开源库。我使用了这个库：https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.json/json/。 - Eugenijus S.
2

Underscore-java 库提供了静态方法 U.xmlToJson(xml)。实时示例

import com.github.underscore.U;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final String xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<root>\n"
            + "  <FirstItem>1</FirstItem>\n  <SecondItem>2</SecondItem>\n</root>";
        System.out.println(U.xmlToJson(xml));
    }
}

// {
//  "FirstItem": "1",
//  "SecondItem": "2"
// }
有没有办法去掉XML根标签，直接创建JSON？反之亦然？ - PAA
您可以将XML转换为Map，编辑Map，然后生成JSON。 - Valentyn Kolesnikov
请问您能否分享源代码示例？ - PAA
1

你可以使用标准工具进行操作

  1. 使用来自jdk的工具xjc来从模式生成Java类

    自从Java 9，你必须使用--add-modules java.se.ee将JAXB显式添加为模块 参考：如何解决Java 9中的java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError：javax/xml/bind/JAXBException

自Java 11以来，您必须从https://javaee.github.io/jaxb-v2/中下载xjc

  1. 使用Jackson将XML读入并以JSON格式输出

示例

使用https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4.1/metadata.xsd

1. Use the tool xjc from your jdk

In my example I will use a fairly complex example based on datacite schemas.

/path/to/jdk/bin/xjc -d /path/to/java/project \
-p stack24174963.datacite \
 https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4.1/metadata.xsd

This will reply with

parsing a schema...
compiling a schema...
stack24174963/datacite/Box.java
stack24174963/datacite/ContributorType.java
stack24174963/datacite/DateType.java
stack24174963/datacite/DescriptionType.java
stack24174963/datacite/FunderIdentifierType.java
stack24174963/datacite/NameType.java
stack24174963/datacite/ObjectFactory.java
stack24174963/datacite/Point.java
stack24174963/datacite/RelatedIdentifierType.java
stack24174963/datacite/RelationType.java
stack24174963/datacite/Resource.java
stack24174963/datacite/ResourceType.java
stack24174963/datacite/TitleType.java
stack24174963/datacite/package-info.java

2. Read in as XML write out as JSON using Jackson

  import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
  import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;

  import stack24174963.datacite.Resource;

  public class HowToXmlToJsonWithSchema {
    @Test
    public void readXmlAndConvertToSchema() throws Exception {
        String example = "schemas/datacite/kernel-4.1/example/datacite-example-complicated-v4.1.xml";
        try (InputStream in = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(example)) {
            Resource resource = JAXB.unmarshal(in, Resource.class);
            System.out.println(asJson(resource));
        }
    }

    private String asJson(Object obj) throws Exception {
        StringWriter w = new StringWriter();
        new ObjectMapper().configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true).writeValue(w, obj);
        String result = w.toString();
        return result;
    }
  }

Prints:

 {
      "identifier" : {
        "value" : "10.5072/testpub",
        "identifierType" : "DOI"
      },
      "creators" : {
        "creator" : [ {
          "creatorName" : {
            "value" : "Smith, John",
            "nameType" : "PERSONAL"
          },
          "givenName" : "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-16\"?>\n<givenName xmlns=\"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\">John</givenName>",
          "familyName" : "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-16\"?>\n<familyName xmlns=\"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\">Smith</familyName>",
          "nameIdentifier" : [ ],
          "affiliation" : [ ]
        }, {
          "creatorName" : {
            "value" : "つまらないものですが",
            "nameType" : null
          },
          "givenName" : null,
          "familyName" : null,
          "nameIdentifier" : [ {
            "value" : "0000000134596520",
            "nameIdentifierScheme" : "ISNI",
            "schemeURI" : "http://isni.org/isni/"
          } ],
          "affiliation" : [ ]
        } ]
      },
      "titles" : {
        "title" : [ {
          "value" : "Właściwości rzutowań podprzestrzeniowych",
          "titleType" : null,
          "lang" : "pl"
        }, {
          "value" : "Translation of Polish titles",
          "titleType" : "TRANSLATED_TITLE",
          "lang" : "en"
        } ]
      },
      "publisher" : "Springer",
      "publicationYear" : "2010",
      "resourceType" : {
        "value" : "Monograph",
        "resourceTypeGeneral" : "TEXT"
      },
      "subjects" : {
        "subject" : [ {
          "value" : "830 German & related literatures",
          "subjectScheme" : "DDC",
          "schemeURI" : null,
          "valueURI" : null,
          "lang" : "en"
        }, {
          "value" : "Polish Literature",
          "subjectScheme" : null,
          "schemeURI" : null,
          "valueURI" : null,
          "lang" : "en"
        } ]
      },
      "contributors" : {
        "contributor" : [ {
          "contributorName" : {
            "value" : "Doe, John",
            "nameType" : "PERSONAL"
          },
          "givenName" : "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-16\"?>\n<givenName xmlns=\"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\">John</givenName>",
          "familyName" : "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-16\"?>\n<familyName xmlns=\"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\">Doe</familyName>",
          "nameIdentifier" : [ {
            "value" : "0000-0001-5393-1421",
            "nameIdentifierScheme" : "ORCID",
            "schemeURI" : "http://orcid.org/"
          } ],
          "affiliation" : [ ],
          "contributorType" : "DATA_COLLECTOR"
        } ]
      },
      "dates" : null,
      "language" : "de",
      "alternateIdentifiers" : {
        "alternateIdentifier" : [ {
          "value" : "937-0-4523-12357-6",
          "alternateIdentifierType" : "ISBN"
        } ]
      },
      "relatedIdentifiers" : {
        "relatedIdentifier" : [ {
          "value" : "10.5272/oldertestpub",
          "resourceTypeGeneral" : null,
          "relatedIdentifierType" : "DOI",
          "relationType" : "IS_PART_OF",
          "relatedMetadataScheme" : null,
          "schemeURI" : null,
          "schemeType" : null
        } ]
      },
      "sizes" : {
        "size" : [ "256 pages" ]
      },
      "formats" : {
        "format" : [ "pdf" ]
      },
      "version" : "2",
      "rightsList" : {
        "rights" : [ {
          "value" : "Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic",
          "rightsURI" : "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/",
          "lang" : null
        } ]
      },
      "descriptions" : {
        "description" : [ {
          "content" : [ "\n      Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea\n      takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores\n      et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.\n    " ],
          "descriptionType" : "ABSTRACT",
          "lang" : "la"
        } ]
      },
      "geoLocations" : null,
      "fundingReferences" : null
    }

For example input XML :

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <resource xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4" xsi:schemaLocation="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 http://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4.1/metadata.xsd">
    <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.5072/testpub</identifier>
    <creators>
      <creator>
        <creatorName nameType="Personal">Smith, John</creatorName>
        <givenName>John</givenName>
        <familyName>Smith</familyName>
      </creator>
      <creator>
        <creatorName>つまらないものですが</creatorName>
        <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ISNI" schemeURI="http://isni.org/isni/">0000000134596520</nameIdentifier>
      </creator>
    </creators>
    <titles>
      <title xml:lang="pl">Właściwości rzutowań podprzestrzeniowych</title>
      <title xml:lang="en" titleType="TranslatedTitle">Translation of Polish titles</title>
    </titles>
    <publisher>Springer</publisher>
    <publicationYear>2010</publicationYear>
    <subjects>
      <subject xml:lang="en" subjectScheme="DDC">830 German &amp; related literatures</subject>
      <subject xml:lang="en">Polish Literature</subject>
    </subjects>
    <contributors>
      <contributor contributorType="DataCollector">
        <contributorName nameType="Personal">Doe, John</contributorName>
        <givenName>John</givenName>
        <familyName>Doe</familyName>
        <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0001-5393-1421</nameIdentifier>
      </contributor>
    </contributors>
    <language>de</language>
    <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Text">Monograph</resourceType>
    <alternateIdentifiers>
      <alternateIdentifier alternateIdentifierType="ISBN">937-0-4523-12357-6</alternateIdentifier>
    </alternateIdentifiers>
    <relatedIdentifiers>
      <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="DOI" relationType="IsPartOf">10.5272/oldertestpub</relatedIdentifier>
    </relatedIdentifiers>
    <sizes>
      <size>256 pages</size>
    </sizes>
    <formats>
      <format>pdf</format>
    </formats>
    <version>2</version>
    <rightsList>
      <rights rightsURI="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic</rights>
    </rightsList>
    <descriptions>
      <description xml:lang="la" descriptionType="Abstract">
        Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea
        takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores
        et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
      </description>
    </descriptions>
  </resource>

1
我使用过JSON-java，但是我发现更高效的库将XML转换为Json，它是XmlToJson。
这个库提供了最好的自定义功能来从XML创建Json。
将libary依赖项添加到您的APP build.gradle文件中。
dependencies {
compile 'com.github.smart-fun:XmlToJson:1.4.4'    // add this line
}

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <library>
    <book id="007">James Bond</book>
    <book id="000">Book for the dummies</book>
    </library>

  • Custom Content names

    public String convertXmlToJson(String xml) {
XmlToJson xmlToJson = new XmlToJson.Builder(xml)
    .setContentName("/library/book", "title")
    .build();
return xmlToJson.toString();
}

    "library":{  
  "book":[  
     {  
        "id":"007",
        "title":"James Bond"
     },
     {  
        "id":"000",
        "title":"Book for the dummies"
     }
   ]
  }
 }

  • Custom Attributes names

    public String convertXmlToJson(String xml) {
  XmlToJson xmlToJson = new XmlToJson.Builder(xml)
    .setAttributeName("/library/book/id", "code")
    .build();
  return xmlToJson.toString();
}

    {  
  "library":{  
  "book":[  
     {  
        "code":"007",
        "content":"James Bond"
     },
     {  
        "code":"000",
        "content":"Book for the dummies"
     }
  ]
 }
}

更高效的技巧，定制您的Json

点击此处查看Github上的内容

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