我从http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.6/Python-2.7.6.tgz下载了源代码,并在http://docs.python.org/devguide/setup.html的说明下,成功地编译了Python源代码。
并且能够追踪电话一直到最后。
现在尝试运行以下命令:
C:\Python-2.7.6\PCbuild\pythonw_d.exe c:\Python-2.7.6\Lib\idlelib\idle.py
页面没有显示出来。
于是我开始调试,首先通过以下代码片段将控制台添加到Windows应用程序中:
pythonw\WInMain.c
void RedirectStdoutToNewCOnsole()
{
HANDLE consoleHandle;
FILE *fp;
int fileDescriptor;
CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi;
AllocConsole();
consoleHandle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
fileDescriptor = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)consoleHandle, _O_TEXT);
fp = _fdopen( fileDescriptor, "w" );
*stdout = *fp;
setvbuf( stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0 );
if ( GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(consoleHandle, &csbi) )
{
COORD bufferSize;
bufferSize.X = csbi.dwSize.X;
bufferSize.Y = 1000;
SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(consoleHandle, bufferSize);
}
}
我能看到源代码被正确解析了。
Token NAME/'import' ... It's a keyword
DFA 'file_input', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'import_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'import_name', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'os' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'import_name', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'dotted_as_names', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'dotted_as_name', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'dotted_name', state 0: Shift.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'dotted_name', state 1: Shift.
Token NAME/'path' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'dotted_name', state 0: Shift.
Token NEWLINE/'' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'dotted_name', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'dotted_as_name', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'dotted_as_names', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'import_name', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'import_stmt', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 1: Shift.
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 3: Direct pop.
DFA 'stmt', state 1: Direct pop.
Token NAME/'import' ... It's a keyword
DFA 'file_input', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'import_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'import_name', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'sys' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'import_name', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'dotted_as_names', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'dotted_as_name', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'dotted_name', state 0: Shift.
Token NEWLINE/'' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'dotted_name', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'dotted_as_name', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'dotted_as_names', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'import_name', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'import_stmt', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 1: Shift.
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 3: Direct pop.
DFA 'stmt', state 1: Direct pop.
Token NAME/'idlelib_dir' ... It's a token we kno
DFA 'file_input', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'testlist', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'or_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'not_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'comparison', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'term', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'factor', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'power', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'atom', state 0: Shift.
DFA 'atom', state 5: Direct pop.
Token EQUAL/'=' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'factor', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'term', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'comparison', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'not_test', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'and_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'or_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'testlist', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr_stmt', state 1: Shift.
Token NAME/'os' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'expr_stmt', state 3: Push ...
DFA 'testlist', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'or_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'not_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'comparison', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'term', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'factor', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'power', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'atom', state 0: Shift.
DFA 'atom', state 5: Direct pop.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'path' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 3: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'dirname' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 3: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token LPAR/'(' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'os' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'arglist', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'argument', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'or_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'not_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'comparison', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'term', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'factor', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'power', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'atom', state 0: Shift.
DFA 'atom', state 5: Direct pop.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'path' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 3: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'dirname' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 3: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token LPAR/'(' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'os' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'arglist', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'argument', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'or_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'not_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'comparison', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'term', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'factor', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'power', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'atom', state 0: Shift.
DFA 'atom', state 5: Direct pop.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'path' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 3: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'abspath' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 3: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token LPAR/'(' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'__file__' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'arglist', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'argument', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'or_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'not_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'comparison', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'term', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'factor', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'power', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'atom', state 0: Shift.
DFA 'atom', state 5: Direct pop.
Token RPAR/')' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'factor', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'term', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'comparison', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'not_test', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'and_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'or_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'argument', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arglist', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'trailer', state 4: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token RPAR/')' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'factor', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'term', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'comparison', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'not_test', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'and_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'or_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'argument', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arglist', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'trailer', state 4: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token RPAR/')' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'factor', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'term', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'comparison', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'not_test', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'and_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'or_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'argument', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arglist', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'trailer', state 4: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token NEWLINE/'' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'factor', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'term', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'comparison', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'not_test', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'and_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'or_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'testlist', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr_stmt', state 5: Pop ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 1: Shift.
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 3: Direct pop.
DFA 'stmt', state 1: Direct pop.
Token NAME/'sys' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'file_input', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'testlist', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'or_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'not_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'comparison', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'term', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'factor', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'power', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'atom', state 0: Shift.
DFA 'atom', state 5: Direct pop.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'path' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 3: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'insert' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 3: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token LPAR/'(' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NUMBER/'0' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'arglist', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'argument', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'or_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'not_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'comparison', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'term', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'factor', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'power', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'atom', state 0: Shift.
DFA 'atom', state 5: Direct pop.
Token COMMA/',' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'factor', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'term', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'comparison', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'not_test', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'and_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'or_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'argument', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arglist', state 1: Shift.
Token NAME/'idlelib_dir' ... It's a token we kno
DFA 'arglist', state 4: Push ...
DFA 'argument', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'or_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'not_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'comparison', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'term', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'factor', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'power', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'atom', state 0: Shift.
DFA 'atom', state 5: Direct pop.
Token RPAR/')' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'factor', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'term', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'comparison', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'not_test', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'and_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'or_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'argument', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arglist', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'trailer', state 4: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token NEWLINE/'' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'factor', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'term', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'comparison', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'not_test', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'and_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'or_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'testlist', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr_stmt', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 1: Shift.
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 3: Direct pop.
DFA 'stmt', state 1: Direct pop.
Token NAME/'import' ... It's a keyword
DFA 'file_input', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'import_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'import_name', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'idlelib' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'import_name', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'dotted_as_names', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'dotted_as_name', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'dotted_name', state 0: Shift.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'dotted_name', state 1: Shift.
Token NAME/'PyShell' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'dotted_name', state 0: Shift.
Token NEWLINE/'' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'dotted_name', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'dotted_as_name', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'dotted_as_names', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'import_name', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'import_stmt', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 1: Shift.
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 3: Direct pop.
DFA 'stmt', state 1: Direct pop.
Token NAME/'idlelib' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'file_input', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr_stmt', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'testlist', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'or_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'not_test', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'comparison', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'term', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'factor', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'power', state 0: Push ...
DFA 'atom', state 0: Shift.
DFA 'atom', state 5: Direct pop.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'PyShell' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 3: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token DOT/'.' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token NAME/'main' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 3: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token LPAR/'(' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Push ...
DFA 'trailer', state 0: Shift.
Token RPAR/')' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'trailer', state 1: Shift.
DFA 'trailer', state 5: Direct pop.
Token NEWLINE/'' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'power', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'factor', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'term', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'arith_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'shift_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'and_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'xor_expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'comparison', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'not_test', state 2: Pop ...
DFA 'and_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'or_test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'test', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'testlist', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'expr_stmt', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'small_stmt', state 1: Pop ...
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 1: Shift.
DFA 'simple_stmt', state 3: Direct pop.
DFA 'stmt', state 1: Direct pop.
Token NEWLINE/'' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'file_input', state 0: Shift.
Token ENDMARKER/'' ... It's a token we know
DFA 'file_input', state 0: Shift.
DFA 'file_input', state 1: Direct pop.
ACCEPT.
并且能够追踪电话一直到最后。
python27_d.dll!PyEval_EvalCodeEx
python27_d.dll!PyEval_EvalCode
python27_d.dll!run_mod
python27_d.dll!PyRun_FileExFlags
python27_d.dll!PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags
python27_d.dll!PyRun_AnyFileExFlags
python27_d.dll!Py_Main
但是在对PyEval_EvalCodeEx
进行递归调用时出现了纠缠。
之前,我曾尝试通过procmon比较正常版本的pythonw.exe和失败的调试版本pythonw_d.exe的输出,但努力并没有收到成果。
有用的数据
- 64位Windows 7
- Python 2.7.6编译为32位应用程序,使用VC9.0
需要帮助诊断或指导解决问题。