我正在尝试为菜单栏项（例如[保存]）添加工具提示，但我无法获取所需的菜单项实例。我能不能添加这个工具提示？ 我正在使用Python2.7的Tkinter。
def createMenu(self):
menu = Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menu)
filemenu = Menu(menu, tearoff=0)
menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)
filemenu.add_command(label="Save", command=self.openBlankPy)
filemenu.add_separator()
filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=self.exitApp)
bind 绑定到菜单项。class MenuTooltip 使用 <Motion> 事件，如果 Pointer 的 y 坐标位于菜单项的 .yposition 内，则查找菜单项。
class MenuTooltip(tk.Menu):
def __init__(self, parent):
"""
:param parent: The parent of this Menu, either 'root' or 'Menubar'
.tooltip == List of tuple (yposition, text)
.tooltip_active == Index (0-based) of the active shown Tooltip
Bind events <Leave>, <Motion>
"""
super().__init__(parent, tearoff=0)
self.tooltip = []
self.tooltip_active = None
self.bind('<Leave>', self.leave)
self.bind('<Motion>', self.on_motion)
def add_command(self, *cnf, **kwargs):
tooltip = kwargs.get('tooltip')
if tooltip:
del kwargs['tooltip']
super().add_command(*cnf, **kwargs)
self.add_tooltip(len(self.tooltip), tooltip)
def add_tooltip(self, index, tooltip):
"""
:param index: Index (0-based) of the Menu Item
:param tooltip: Text to show as Tooltip
:return: None
"""
self.tooltip.append((self.yposition(index) + 2, tooltip))
def on_motion(self, event):
"""
Loop .tooltip to find matching Menu Item
"""
for idx in range(len(self.tooltip) - 1, -1, -1):
if event.y >= self.tooltip[idx][0]:
self.show_tooltip(idx)
break
def leave(self, event):
"""
On leave, destroy the Tooltip and reset .tooltip_active to None
"""
if not self.tooltip_active is None:
print('leave()'.format())
# destroy(<tooltip_active>)
self.tooltip_active = None
def show_tooltip(self, idx):
"""
Show the Tooltip if not already shown, destroy the active Tooltip
:param idx: Index of the Tooltip to show
:return: None
"""
if self.tooltip_active != idx:
# destroy(<tooltip_active>)
self.tooltip_active = idx
print('{}'.format(self.tooltip[idx][1]))
用法:
class App(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
menu = MenuTooltip(self)
menu.add_command(label='Help 1', tooltip='\tToolTip.Help 1')
menu.add_command(label='Help 2', tooltip='\tToolTip.Help 2')
self.menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=menu)
if __name__ == "__main__":
App().mainloop()
使用Python: 3.5测试通过
注意：无法在Python 2.7上测试，请报告是否适用于2.7
讨论了如何为按钮添加工具提示。
how-do-i-display-tooltips-in-tkinter
我知道一个方法（上面的帖子），可以为菜单项添加工具提示。
how-can-i-add-a-tooltip-to-menu-item
我尝试将它们结合起来并对两种方法进行必要的更改。缺点是：我不知道如何可靠地获取菜单项的包围盒。为了解决这个问题，我不得不使用等宽字体TkFixedFont，并对菜单项的边距/边框进行一些假设。这些都在代码中。
tipwin.py
import re
import tkinter as tk
def parse_geometry(g):
m = re.match(r'(\d+)x(\d+)\+(\d+)\+(\d+)', g)
return map(int, m.groups())
class TipWin(tk.Toplevel):
WRAPLENGTH = 180
def __init__(self, parent, start, end, text):
x, y = list(parse_geometry(parent.master.geometry()))[-2:]
self.parent, self.start, self.end, self.text = \
parent, start, end, text
super().__init__(parent)
self.wm_overrideredirect(True)
label = tk.Label(
self, text=self.text, justify='left',
background="#ffffff", relief='solid', borderwidth=1,
wraplength=self.WRAPLENGTH)
self.geometry(f'+{x + start}+{y}')
label.pack(ipadx=1)
def destroy(self):
super().destroy()
menubar.py
import tkinter as tk
from tipwin import TipWin
# Don't know how to get bbox for menubar. Resorted to use monospaced
# font and assumption.
CW = 8 # monospaced char width
PAD = 13 # menu item margins (left+right)
class Menu(tk.Menu):
def __init__(self, parent, **kwargs):
super().__init__(parent, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
self.tiplist = [] # ((start1, end1, TIP1), ...)
self.activetip = -1 # active tip index or -1
self.nexttip = 1 # next tip index
self.bind('<Enter>', self.on_enter)
self.bind('<Motion>', self.on_motion)
self.bind('<Leave>', self.on_leave)
def on_enter(self, event):
self.hidetip()
if self.activetip != 1:
self.showtip(self.activetip, event)
def on_leave(self, event):
self.hidetip()
def on_motion(self, event):
x = event.x
for i in range(len(self.tiplist)):
if self.tiplist[i][0] <= x < self.tiplist[i][1]:
self.showtip(i, event)
return
self.hidetip()
def add_command(self, *args, **kwargs):
tooltip = kwargs.get('tooltip')
if tooltip:
del kwargs['tooltip']
label = kwargs.get('label')
super().add_command(*args, **kwargs)
self.addtip(label, tooltip)
def addtip(self, label, tooltip):
def _w(nc):
return nc * CW + PAD
x1 = self.nexttip
self.nexttip += _w(len(label))
self.tiplist.append((x1, self.nexttip, tooltip))
def showtip(self, i, event):
if self.activetip != -1:
if i != self.activetip:
self.hidetip()
t = self.tiplist[i][2]
if t:
if self.activetip != i:
# create a tooltip
self.tipwin = TipWin(self, *self.tiplist[i])
self.activetip = i
def hidetip(self):
# destroy the tooltip
if self.activetip != -1:
if self.tipwin:
self.tipwin.destroy()
self.tipwin = None
self.activetip = -1
class App(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.title('Menubar')
self.geometry('600x300+400+300')
# tearoff is a MUST, without it <Enter> isn't fired
menubar = Menu(self, tearoff=0)
self.config(menu=menubar)
menubar.add_command(
label='Notes',
font='TkFixedFont',
tooltip='Edit items metadata')
menubar.add_command(
label='Application',
font='TkFixedFont',
tooltip='Save Toplevel windows geometry')
menubar.add_command(
label='Quit',
font='TkFixedFont',
tooltip='Quit')
if __name__ == '__main__':
App().mainloop()
