使用py3-zmq
包(在2022年8月之前更名为py3-pyzmq
)
从我的经验来看,python:3.6-alpine
不适合安装带有C扩展的软件包,因为缺少Python头文件。 alpine
镜像已经提供了Python 3.6分发版以及预编译的pyzmq
包,所以只需执行以下操作即可:
FROM alpine:edge
RUN apk update && apk add py3-pyzmq
CMD ["/bin/sh"]
检查:
$ docker run --rm -it my/alpine /bin/sh
/ # python3 -c "import zmq; print(zmq.__version__)"
17.1.0
这是在Alpine容器中安装pyzmq
的最简单和最可靠的方法。
使用pip install
从源代码构建
Alpine不兼容manylinux1,因此任何包含C扩展的软件包都必须从源代码构建。这意味着您必须先安装构建工具。同样,我会使用alpine
镜像而不是python:3.6-alpine
:
FROM alpine:edge
RUN apk update && apk add build-base libzmq musl-dev python3 python3-dev zeromq-dev
RUN pip3 install pyzmq
RUN apk del build-base musl-dev python3-dev zeromq-dev
CMD ["/bin/sh"]
检查:
$ docker run --rm -it my/alpine /bin/sh
/ # python3 -c "import zmq; print(zmq.__version__)"
17.1.0
如果你坚持使用 python:3.6-alpine
请注意,python:3.6-alpine
并没有通过 apk
安装 Python,而是从源代码构建,并位于 /usr/local
目录下。因此,当你继承自 python:3.6-alpine
,安装 python3-dev
并运行 pip install pyzmq
时,你将会使用来自 Python 3.6.4(来自 apk add python3-dev
)的头文件来构建 Python 3.6.6(来自 python:3.6-alpine
)的 pyzmq
。一般来说,这不应该成为问题(头文件仅在主要 Python 版本之间不兼容),但是如果头文件被发行版维护人员进行了修改,则可能会成为问题。
编辑:具体复现步骤和日志
$ docker image rm my/alpine:latest
Untagged: my/alpine:latest
Deleted: sha256:2e613cdc3c90c9d44b23d399bd44069217e5b31c1b4a8fc91e501c5226a4ef6a
Deleted: sha256:d66ac6c96a4fca9c4fe71a73b64a4dd3605a59e570f327974954649b633a7fc5
Deleted: sha256:114efba5527eb4ab23020ef84b6181b6a6ba790059b83ce046c9a1a6c0bdf419
$ docker image prune
WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Images:
untagged: alpine@sha256:79c2c5f6db53da44f90bb2731f29f725b5b14c378407a123776b6d3c76e6aebe
untagged: alpine@sha256:ae8a1f9146d74466ddf1def02088ba33544db9aceef01f4b388c674a5ad1d00b
deleted: sha256:5c4fa780951b060bb0a75355765bc58112350d9974970d60561671d552aaf2e2
deleted: sha256:c9e8b5c053a2dda62373bc57fa8cb634230a92ba5f02d2baf5d35b932d04a878
Total reclaimed space: 4.148MB
$ cat ./Dockerfile
FROM alpine:edge
RUN apk update && apk add py3-pyzmq
CMD ["/bin/sh"]
$ docker pull alpine:edge
edge: Pulling from library/alpine
a0710691c81a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8d9872bf7dc946db1b3cd2bf70752f59085ec3c5035ca1d820d30f1d1267d65d
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:edge
$ docker build -t my/alpine .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/3 : FROM alpine:edge
---> 9d1f27787d39
Step 2/3 : RUN apk update && apk add py3-pyzmq
---> Running in 0f9bd971b5da
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
v3.8.0-1447-g6c9915aaa5 [http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main]
v3.8.0-1459-g2ff55fde23 [http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community]
OK: 9626 distinct packages available
(1/16) Installing libbz2 (1.0.6-r6)
(2/16) Installing expat (2.2.5-r0)
(3/16) Installing libffi (3.2.1-r4)
(4/16) Installing gdbm (1.13-r1)
(5/16) Installing xz-libs (5.2.4-r0)
(6/16) Installing ncurses-terminfo-base (6.1-r0)
(7/16) Installing ncurses-terminfo (6.1-r0)
(8/16) Installing ncurses-libs (6.1-r0)
(9/16) Installing readline (7.0.003-r0)
(10/16) Installing sqlite-libs (3.24.0-r1)
(11/16) Installing python3 (3.6.4-r1)
(12/16) Installing libgcc (6.4.0-r8)
(13/16) Installing libsodium (1.0.16-r0)
(14/16) Installing libstdc++ (6.4.0-r8)
(15/16) Installing libzmq (4.2.3-r0)
(16/16) Installing py3-zmq (17.1.0-r0)
Executing busybox-1.28.4-r0.trigger
OK: 69 MiB in 29 packages
Removing intermediate container 0f9bd971b5da
---> 83a4db72581d
Step 3/3 : CMD ["/bin/sh"]
---> Running in b37e3ef8e639
Removing intermediate container b37e3ef8e639
---> 558bd6427c77
Successfully built 558bd6427c77
Successfully tagged my/alpine:latest
$ docker run --rm -it my/alpine python3 -c "import zmq; print(zmq.__version__)"
17.1.0
cryptography
的问题。 - hoeflingwhich -a python3
,which -a pip3
和pip3 list
,输出是什么? - hoeflingpy3-pyzmq
。:shrug: - hoefling