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`MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA`已被弃用，可替代的列应该是什么？

javaandroidkotlin
24

我希望使用MediaStore API从媒体提供商加载所有图片到我的应用程序中，但是这个列 MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA 已经被弃用了。那么，有什么替代方法可以使用呢？

我想更新以下代码以摆脱已弃用的MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA 列：

fun ContentResolver.loadImagesPaths(): List<String> {
    val uri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
    val images = mutableListOf<String>()
    val projection = arrayOf(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA)
    query(uri, projection, null, null, null)?.use { cursor ->
        val dataColumn = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA)
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
            images += cursor.getString(dataColumn)
        }
    }
    return images
}

编辑：

更新的代码：

fun ContentResolver.loadImagesUris(): List<Uri> {
    val uri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
    val images = mutableListOf<Uri>()
    val projection = arrayOf(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID)
    query(uri, projection, null, null, null)?.use { cursor ->
        val idColumn = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID)
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
            images += ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, cursor.getLong(idColumn))
        }
    }
    return images
}

请查看此链接以了解如何从共享存储中访问媒体文件的更多详细信息：https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/shared/media

请参见：https://developer.android.google.cn/training/data-storage/shared/media?hl=zh-cn#query-collection - grebulon
6个回答
28

我成功地将MediaStore.MediaColumns.Data替换为它自己的文件ID（令人难以置信的是，文件有ID），并正确构造了它的URI，就像这样：

fun getAllShownImagesPath(activity: Activity): MutableList<Uri> {
    val uriExternal: Uri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
    val cursor: Cursor?
    val columnIndexID: Int
    val listOfAllImages: MutableList<Uri> = mutableListOf()
    val projection = arrayOf(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID)
    var imageId: Long
    cursor = activity.contentResolver.query(uriExternal, projection, null, null, null)
    if (cursor != null) {
        columnIndexID = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID)
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
            imageId = cursor.getLong(columnIndexID)
            val uriImage = Uri.withAppendedPath(uriExternal, "" + imageId)
            listOfAllImages.add(uriImage)
        }
        cursor.close()
    }
    return listOfAllImages
}

然后使用Uri在您的视图中构建它！

1
你也可以使用 "cursor.getString()"，我没有测试过，但它可能比 "cursor.getLong()" 看起来更好。 - Daniel Bentes
6
我成功想出了以下解决方案，这是对之前答案的补充。
但是，我仍然无法使用获取的Uri加载图像。文档建议使用openFileDescriptor()，我按照建议进行操作，然后从中解码图像的位图：
override fun loadImagesFromStorage(): List<AdapterImage> {

    val uri: Uri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
    val cursor: Cursor?
    val columnIndexId: Int
    val listOfAllImages = mutableListOf<AdapterImage>()
    val projection = arrayOf(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID)
    cursor = context.contentResolver
        .query( uri, projection, null, null, null)

    if ( cursor != null ){
        columnIndexId = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID)
        while (cursor.moveToNext()){

            val contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, cursor.getLong(columnIndexId))

            //here I open FileDescriptor and then decode it into Bitmap
            var image: Bitmap
            context.contentResolver.openFileDescriptor(contentUri, "r").use { pfd ->
                if( pfd != null ){
                    image = BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(pfd.fileDescriptor)
                    listOfAllImages.add(AdapterImage(image))
                }
            }

        }
        cursor.close()
    }

    return listOfAllImages
}

P.S. 我的方法将返回一个 AdapterImage 对象列表，我稍后在应用程序中使用它们，但您可以在此时放置任何您需要的内容。

1
之前，我使用文件路径加载所有图像，使用Glide。如何使用openFileDescriptor和Glide？就像你一样，我无法仅使用Uri使其正常工作。 - user246392
@user246392 我回答晚了，但你可以像上面的答案一样简单地使用生成的contentUri和Glide。 val contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, cursor.getLong(columnIndexId)) - Ashir Mehmood
2

我最终通过创建这个类解决了这个问题。

class FileHelper {
val mediaType = "multipart/form-data".toMediaTypeOrNull()

fun getPartBodyFromUri(context: Context, uri: Uri): MultipartBody.Part {
    val realPath = getPathFromURI(context, uri)
    val fileImage = createFile(realPath)
    val requestBody = createRequestBody(fileImage)
    return createPart(fileImage, requestBody)
}

private fun createFile(realPath: String): File {
    return File(realPath)
}

private fun createRequestBody(file: File): RequestBody {
    return file.asRequestBody(mediaType)
}

private fun createPart(file: File, requestBody: RequestBody): MultipartBody.Part {
    return MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("imageFile", file.name, requestBody)
}

private fun getPathFromURI(context: Context, uri: Uri): String {
    var realPath = String()
    uri.path?.let { path ->

        val databaseUri: Uri
        val selection: String?
        val selectionArgs: Array<String>?
        if (path.contains("/document/image:")) { // files selected from "Documents"
            databaseUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
            selection = "_id=?"
            selectionArgs = arrayOf(DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri).split(":")[1])
        } else { // files selected from all other sources, especially on Samsung devices
            databaseUri = uri
            selection = null
            selectionArgs = null
        }
        try {
            val column = "_data"
            val projection = arrayOf(column)
            val cursor = context.contentResolver.query(
                databaseUri,
                projection,
                selection,
                selectionArgs,
                null
            )
            cursor?.let {
                if (it.moveToFirst()) {
                    val columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column)
                    realPath = cursor.getString(columnIndex)
                }
                cursor.close()
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            println(e)
        }
    }
    return realPath
}

Media.DATA已经被弃用，使用"MediaStore.Images.Media._ID"获取正确的列，但不起作用，因此我创建了所需的列。

val column = "_data"
val projection = arrayOf(column)

然后我使用getColumnIndexOrThrow()方法来获取正确的索引。
val columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column)
realPath = cursor.getString(columnIndex)
当path包含“/document/image:”时，cursor.moveToFirst()仍然返回false。 - Mateo Hervas
-1

在Java中

FileInputStream input = null;
    FileOutputStream output = null;
    try {
        String filePath = new File(getCacheDir(), "tmp").getAbsolutePath();
        android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = getContentResolver ().openFileDescriptor(
            sharedFileUri, "r");
        if (pfd != null) {
            FileDescriptor fd = pfd . getFileDescriptor ();
            input = new FileInputStream (fd);
            output = new FileOutputStream (filePath);
            int read;
            byte[] bytes = new byte[4096];
            while ((read = input.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                output.write(bytes, 0, read);
            }
            File sharedFile = new File(filePath);
            String finalPath = sharedFile.getPath();
        }
    }catch(Exception ex) {
    } finally {
        try {
            input.close();
            output.close();
        } catch (Exception ignored) {
        }
    }
-2

你可以使用“IMediaColumns”代替“MediaColumns”。

-2

从内部存储加载图像。使用MediaStore类读取所有包含图像和视频的文件夹。

并将结果作为ArrayList返回。

private fun getAllShownImagesPath(activity: Activity): ArrayList<Albums> {

val uri: Uri
val cursor: Cursor
var cursorBucket: Cursor
val column_index_data: Int
val column_index_folder_name: Int
val listOfAllImages = ArrayList<String>()
var absolutePathOfImage: String? = null
var albumsList = ArrayList<Albums>()
var album: Albums? = null


val BUCKET_GROUP_BY = "1) GROUP BY 1,(2"
val BUCKET_ORDER_BY = "MAX(datetaken) DESC"

uri = android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI

val projection = arrayOf(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.BUCKET_ID,
        MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME,
        MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATE_TAKEN,
        MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA)

cursor = activity.contentResolver.query(uri, projection, BUCKET_GROUP_BY, null, BUCKET_ORDER_BY)

if (cursor != null) {
    column_index_data = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA)
    column_index_folder_name = cursor
            .getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME)
    while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
        absolutePathOfImage = cursor.getString(column_index_data)
        Log.d("title_apps", "bucket name:" + cursor.getString(column_index_data))

        val selectionArgs = arrayOf("%" + cursor.getString(column_index_folder_name) + "%")
        val selection = MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA + " like ? "
        val projectionOnlyBucket = arrayOf(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA, MediaStore.Images.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME)

        cursorBucket = activity.contentResolver.query(uri, projectionOnlyBucket, selection, selectionArgs, null)
        Log.d("title_apps", "bucket size:" + cursorBucket.count)

        if (absolutePathOfImage != "" && absolutePathOfImage != null) {
            listOfAllImages.add(absolutePathOfImage)
            albumsList.add(Albums(cursor.getString(column_index_folder_name), absolutePathOfImage, cursorBucket.count, false))
        }
    }
}
return getListOfVideoFolders(albumsList)
}

// 这个函数负责从所有文件夹中读取所有视频。

private fun getListOfVideoFolders(albumsList: ArrayList<Albums>): ArrayList<Albums> {
var cursor: Cursor
var cursorBucket: Cursor
var uri: Uri
val BUCKET_GROUP_BY = "1) GROUP BY 1,(2"
val BUCKET_ORDER_BY = "MAX(datetaken) DESC"
val column_index_album_name: Int
val column_index_album_video: Int

uri = android.provider.MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI

val projection1 = arrayOf(MediaStore.Video.VideoColumns.BUCKET_ID,
        MediaStore.Video.VideoColumns.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME,
        MediaStore.Video.VideoColumns.DATE_TAKEN,
        MediaStore.Video.VideoColumns.DATA)

cursor = this.contentResolver.query(uri, projection1, BUCKET_GROUP_BY, null, BUCKET_ORDER_BY)

if (cursor != null) {
    column_index_album_name = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME)
    column_index_album_video = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA)
    while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
        Log.d("title_apps", "bucket video:" + cursor.getString(column_index_album_name))
        Log.d("title_apps", "bucket video:" + cursor.getString(column_index_album_video))
        val selectionArgs = arrayOf("%" + cursor.getString(column_index_album_name) + "%")

        val selection = MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA + " like ? "
        val projectionOnlyBucket = arrayOf(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA, MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME)

        cursorBucket = this.contentResolver.query(uri, projectionOnlyBucket, selection, selectionArgs, null)
        Log.d("title_apps", "bucket size:" + cursorBucket.count)

        albumsList.add(Albums(cursor.getString(column_index_album_name), cursor.getString(column_index_album_video), cursorBucket.count, true))
    }
}
return albumsList
}
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