自动装配依赖项的注入失败

Question

自动装配依赖项的注入失败

3

我正在一个Java-EE应用中使用Spring和Hibernate。这个项目托管在GitHub仓库上。我正在尝试通过服务来使用`@Autowired，但是遇到了一些问题:

package no.niths.rest;

// Imports ...

@Controller
@RequestMapping("courses")
public class CourseController implements SimpleREST<Course>{

    @Autowired
    public CourseService service;
}

以及相应的服务：

package no.niths.services;

// Imports ...

@Service
public class CourseService {

    @Autowired
    public ICourse repo;
}

最后是我的app-config.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

    <bean id="propertyConfigurer"
        class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations">
            <list>
                <value>/configuration.properties</value>
                </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="no.niths.services"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="no.niths.rest"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="no.niths.infrastructure"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="no.niths.infrastructure.interfaces"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="no.niths.domain"/>


    <import resource="db-config.xml" />
</beans>

部署时出现的错误如下：

下面是更新后的堆栈跟踪：

SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'courseController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private no.niths.services.CourseService no.niths.rest.CourseController.service; nested exception is org.springfrainitmework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [no.niths.services.CourseService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1106)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:585)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:913)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:464)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:384)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:283)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4723)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5226)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5221)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private no.niths.services.CourseService no.niths.rest.CourseController.service; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [no.niths.services.CourseService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:506)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:284)
    ... 21 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [no.niths.services.CourseService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:924)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:793)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:707)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:478)
    ... 23 more

ERROR | 2012-01-26 15:30:07,999 | ContextLoader.java | 307 | Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'courseController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private no.niths.services.CourseService no.niths.rest.CourseController.service; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [no.niths.services.CourseService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1106)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:585)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:913)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:464)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:384)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:283)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4723)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5226)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5221)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private no.niths.services.CourseService no.niths.rest.CourseController.service; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [no.niths.services.CourseService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:506)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:284)
    ... 21 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [no.niths.services.CourseService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:924)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:793)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:707)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:478)

什么导致了这个问题，还有什么是自动装配的问题？

- whirlwin

2

你的代码没有正确编译，正如错误所述。如果无法先编译它，那么部署应用程序就没有意义。 - skaffman

为什么不先编译你的代码呢？我不确定你的思维过程。 - AHungerArtist

@skaffman 我正在使用带有某种持续集成功能的Eclipse，因此它会在Maven构建完成后尝试将其部署到SpringFabric服务器。 - whirlwin

3个回答

0

请确保spring-beans.jar在您的应用程序类路径中。

在Maven中，您可以使用“mvn dependency:tree”命令查看此jar文件是否作为依赖项包含在内。
当您的项目构建完成（我假设是WAR文件），请确保该jar文件位于WEB-INF/lib目录中。

- maximdim

Windows还是Unix？在Unix上，检查最大打开文件限制（ulimit命令）。 - maximdim

*nix，它说“无限”。 - whirlwin

再次查看异常，它明确指出“未解决的编译问题”。您是否调用了由Eclipse生成的代码？源代码存在错误，因此Eclipse编译器无法编译它 - 而是生成了字节码，显示了问题中的消息。 - maximdim

我不知道我做了什么，但编译问题已经不存在了。请查看问题以获取更多详细信息。 - whirlwin

0

问题不在控制器或其他任何地方，而是在一些存储库类中，我在其中使用了SessionFactory和@Autowired。

- whirlwin

1

我也遇到了“SessionFactory”的同样问题，有什么解决方案吗？ - vissu

@vissupepala 很抱歉回复晚了，但我其实不确定。这个主题的文档很不完善。 - whirlwin

网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的

可以查看英文原文，
原文链接

- ndeverge · Accepted Answer

4

添加Spring Beans依赖项，其中包含org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired注释类：

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
  <version>3.1.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

- ndeverge

1

这个注解似乎已经可用了，我们已经在一些单元测试中使用它了，不过还是谢谢你的建议。 - whirlwin

请检查您的WAR文件中WEB-INF/lib文件夹中是否有spring-beans JAR包。 - ndeverge

你是否在 JEE 服务器上使用 JVM >= 1.5？ - ndeverge

是的，我忘了说它使用的是 1.7 版本。 - whirlwin

我也尝试过，结果发现问题出在使用@Autowired注解的类上，当它们被移除后，一切都正常工作了，所以我正在重写项目，改用@ComponentScan代替XML。 - whirlwin

显示剩余3条评论