我对Python还比较陌生,尝试按照这里描述的步骤安装Python 2.7.9。然而,安装失败并出现以下错误:
python make: *** [libinstall] Error 1
我尝试重新安装先前版本的Python:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall python2.7-dev
安装过程正常进行。但是,现在当尝试导入 hashlib 时,我会收到以下错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./server.py", line 5, in <module>
import hashlib
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 138, in <module>
_hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'openssl_md_meth_names'
我也无法使用 pip 安装任何包,因为提供的唯一输出是以下内容:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pip", line 5, in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
ImportError: No module named pkg_resources
我安装了python-setuptools:
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools
pip无论输入内容如何,仍提供相同的输出。在this问题之后,我运行了以下命令:
curl -O https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/raw/bootstrap/ez_setup.py
chmod +x ez_setup.py
python ez_setup.py
输出结果为:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "ez_setup.py", line 19, in <module>
import tempfile
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/tempfile.py", line 35, in <module>
from random import Random as _Random
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/random.py", line 49, in <module>
import hashlib as _hashlib
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 138, in <module>
_hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'openssl_md_meth_names'
问题出在哪里?
编辑 #1:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall python2.7-dev 的输出看起来正常:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libjs-sphinxdoc linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 310 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/269 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
(Reading database ... 219657 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python2.7-dev_2.7.6-8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python2.7-dev (2.7.6-8) over (2.7.6-8) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ...
Setting up python2.7-dev (2.7.6-8) ...
编辑2:
我找到了一个类似问题的这个问题, 它指向这个线程,该线程使用checkinstall来检索所有编写的文件并从中创建.deb包:
sudo apt-get install checkinstall # install the checkinstall package
cd /home/user/Python-2.7.9
sudo checkinstall -D --fstrans=no make install # make the deb package
在运行最后一个命令时,提供的输出与 make install 给出的输出完全相同:
...
Listing /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/__init__.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py ...
Listing /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/__init__.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/_exceptions.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/expatreader.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/handler.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/saxutils.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/xmlreader.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xmllib.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py ...
make: *** [libinstall] Error 1
编辑 #3:
看起来所有脚本都无法运行。我正在研究比特币中使用的签名算法,并且在这里提到的工具(bu,tx)都输出相同的错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/bu", line 5, in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
ImportError: No module named pkg_resources
编辑 #4:
我也尝试了这里提到的方法。执行python get-pip.py 的输出如下:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "get-pip.py", line 28, in <module>
import tempfile
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/tempfile.py", line 35, in <module>
from random import Random as _Random
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/random.py", line 49, in <module>
import hashlib as _hashlib
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 138, in <module>
_hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'openssl_md_meth_names'
如果我注释掉这行代码:
import tempfile
然后执行继续到141行:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "get-pip.py", line 19892, in <module>
main()
File "get-pip.py", line 141, in main
tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
NameError: global name 'tempfile' is not defined
意味着导入以下库:
import os.path
import pkgutil
import shutil
import sys
import struct
# import tempfile
成功了。这让我相信python2.7.9的安装只是部分完成(正如评论中明智地建议的那样)。
编辑#5:
我重新运行了配置和编译步骤:
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-shared \
--with-system-expat \
--with-system-ffi \
--enable-unicode=ucs4 &&
make
构建终止,显示:
Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
bsddb185 dl imageop
sunaudiodev
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.
running build_scripts
这些模块是必需的吗?
--reinstall
命令并不能安装 Python 2.7.9,而是安装 Debian 软件源中提供的版本,可能是 2.7.5。这种方法确实是在 2.7.9 中引入的,你可能会得到一个混合安装的结果,库中包含不同和不兼容的 Python 和 C 文件版本。请查看 https://dev59.com/Q4bca4cB1Zd3GeqPWXyW 的 第二个答案,了解如何通过不稳定的软件源和固定版本号的方式来获取 Debian 的 2.7.9 版本(比较棘手)。但无论如何,首先卸载当前损坏的 Python,然后从头重新安装。 - Alex Martelli2.7.9
安装尝试的残留物:卸载所有内容,寻找所有常见的可疑目录,看看是否有未被清除的零散部分,并从干净的状态重新开始。这实际上是一个系统管理员的问题,而不是编程问题,所以你在ServerFault上询问会更好,那里有系统管理员专家!-) - Alex Martelliapt-get remove
命令将其卸载,然后搜索任何名称中包含python
(大小写混合)的目录,并小心地将其删除。正如我所说,如果这种简单的方法仍然无法让你干净地安装并成功使用某个 Python 2.7 版本,那么 ServerFault 是向系统管理员大师(我不是其中之一)提问的好地方。 - Alex Martelli