由于一个或多个外键属性是非空的，所以无法更改关系。

这种解决方案对我很有帮助：

Parent original = db.Parent.SingleOrDefault<Parent>(t => t.ID == updated.ID);
db.Childs.RemoveRange(original.Childs);
updated.Childs.ToList().ForEach(c => original.Childs.Add(c));
db.Entry<Parent>(original).CurrentValues.SetValues(updated);

重要的是要说，这将删除所有记录并重新插入它们。 但对于我的情况（少于10个），这没问题。 希望能帮到你。

您需要手动清除ChildItems集合并将新项目追加到其中：

thisParent.ChildItems.Clear();
thisParent.ChildItems.AddRange(modifiedParent.ChildItems);

之后，您可以调用DeleteOrphans扩展方法，该方法将处理孤立的实体（必须在DetectChanges和SaveChanges方法之间调用）。

public static class DbContextExtensions
{
    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary< EntityType, ReadOnlyDictionary< string, NavigationProperty>> s_navPropMappings = new ConcurrentDictionary< EntityType, ReadOnlyDictionary< string, NavigationProperty>>();

    public static void DeleteOrphans( this DbContext source )
    {
        var context = ((IObjectContextAdapter)source).ObjectContext;
        foreach (var entry in context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntries(EntityState.Modified))
        {
            var entityType = entry.EntitySet.ElementType as EntityType;
            if (entityType == null)
                continue;

            var navPropMap = s_navPropMappings.GetOrAdd(entityType, CreateNavigationPropertyMap);
            var props = entry.GetModifiedProperties().ToArray();
            foreach (var prop in props)
            {
                NavigationProperty navProp;
                if (!navPropMap.TryGetValue(prop, out navProp))
                    continue;

                var related = entry.RelationshipManager.GetRelatedEnd(navProp.RelationshipType.FullName, navProp.ToEndMember.Name);
                var enumerator = related.GetEnumerator();
                if (enumerator.MoveNext() && enumerator.Current != null)
                    continue;

                entry.Delete();
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    private static ReadOnlyDictionary<string, NavigationProperty> CreateNavigationPropertyMap( EntityType type )
    {
        var result = type.NavigationProperties
            .Where(v => v.FromEndMember.RelationshipMultiplicity == RelationshipMultiplicity.Many)
            .Where(v => v.ToEndMember.RelationshipMultiplicity == RelationshipMultiplicity.One || (v.ToEndMember.RelationshipMultiplicity == RelationshipMultiplicity.ZeroOrOne && v.FromEndMember.GetEntityType() == v.ToEndMember.GetEntityType()))
            .Select(v => new { NavigationProperty = v, DependentProperties = v.GetDependentProperties().Take(2).ToArray() })
            .Where(v => v.DependentProperties.Length == 1)
            .ToDictionary(v => v.DependentProperties[0].Name, v => v.NavigationProperty);

        return new ReadOnlyDictionary<string, NavigationProperty>(result);
    }
}

我尝试了这些解决方案和许多其他方案，但它们都没有完全奏效。由于这是谷歌上的第一个答案，所以我会在这里添加我的解决方案。

对我有效的方法是在提交时将关系剥离，这样 EF 就没有机会弄乱。我通过重新在 DBContext 中查找父对象并删除它来实现这一点。由于重新查找的对象的导航属性全部为空，因此在提交期间会忽略子项的关系。

var toDelete = db.Parents.Find(parentObject.ID);
db.Parents.Remove(toDelete);
db.SaveChanges();

请注意，这假定外键已设置为ON DELETE CASCADE，因此当父行被删除时，数据库将清理子行。

我用了 Mosh的解决方案，但对于如何在代码优先模式下正确实现组合键并不明显。
因此，这是解决方案:

public class Holiday
{
    [Key, Column(Order = 0), DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
    public int HolidayId { get; set; }
    [Key, Column(Order = 1), ForeignKey("Location")]
    public LocationEnum LocationId { get; set; }

    public virtual Location Location { get; set; }

    public DateTime Date { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

如果您正在使用Auto mapper并遇到以下问题，则以下是一个好的解决方案，这对我很有效。

https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/576393/Solutionplusto-aplus-Theplusoperationplusfailed

由于问题在于我们正在映射空的导航属性，而实际上我们不需要在实体上更新它们，因为它们在合同上没有改变，所以我们需要在映射定义中忽略它们：

ForMember(dest => dest.RefundType, opt => opt.Ignore())

所以我的代码最终变成了这样：

Mapper.CreateMap<MyDataContract, MyEntity>
ForMember(dest => dest.NavigationProperty1, opt => opt.Ignore())
ForMember(dest => dest.NavigationProperty2, opt => opt.Ignore())
.IgnoreAllNonExisting();

我也用Mosh的答案解决了我的问题，而且我认为PeterB的答案有点不太对，因为它将枚举用作外键。请记住，在添加此代码后，您需要添加新的迁移。

我还可以推荐这篇博客文章以获取其他解决方案：

http://www.kianryan.co.uk/2013/03/orphaned-child/

代码：

public class Child
{
    [Key, Column(Order = 0), DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
    public int Id { get; set; }

    public string Heading { get; set; }
    //Add other properties here.

    [Key, Column(Order = 1)]
    public int ParentId { get; set; }

    public virtual Parent Parent { get; set; }
}

当我尝试修改目标实体的标量属性时，遇到了同样的问题，后来发现我不小心引用了目标实体的父级：

entity.GetDbContextFromEntity().Entry(entity).Reference(i => i.ParentEntity).Query().Where(p => p.ID == 1).Load();

提供一个建议，确保目标实体不引用任何父级。

这个问题的出现是因为我们试图删除父表，但子表数据仍然存在。 我们通过级联删除的帮助来解决这个问题。
在DbContext类中的Create方法中。

 modelBuilder.Entity<Job>()
                .HasMany<JobSportsMapping>(C => C.JobSportsMappings)
                .WithRequired(C => C.Job)
                .HasForeignKey(C => C.JobId).WillCascadeOnDelete(true);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Sport>()
                .HasMany<JobSportsMapping>(C => C.JobSportsMappings)
                  .WithRequired(C => C.Sport)
                  .HasForeignKey(C => C.SportId).WillCascadeOnDelete(true);

接下来，在我们的API调用中

var JobList = Context.Job                       
          .Include(x => x.JobSportsMappings)                                     .ToList();
Context.Job.RemoveRange(JobList);
Context.SaveChanges();

级联删除选项使用这个简单的代码删除父表以及与其相关的子表。可以尝试这种简单的方法。

使用Remove Range删除数据库中的记录列表。谢谢。

当我尝试删除记录时，遇到了同样的问题，出现了一些问题。解决这个问题的方法是，在删除标题/主记录之前，您必须编写代码以删除其详细信息。我希望您的问题能够得到解决。

使用Slauma的解决方案，我创建了一些通用函数来帮助更新子对象和子对象集合。

我的所有持久化对象都实现了这个接口。

/// <summary>
/// Base interface for all persisted entries
/// </summary>
public interface IBase
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The Id
    /// </summary>
    int Id { get; set; }
}

通过这个，我在我的代码库中实现了这两个函数。

    /// <summary>
    /// Check if orgEntry is set update it's values, otherwise add it
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="set">The collection</param>
    /// <param name="entry">The entry</param>
    /// <param name="orgEntry">The original entry found in the database (can be <code>null</code> is this is a new entry)</param>
    /// <returns>The added or updated entry</returns>
    public T AddOrUpdateEntry<T>(DbSet<T> set, T entry, T orgEntry) where T : class, IBase
    {
        if (entry.Id == 0 || orgEntry == null)
        {
            entry.Id = 0;
            return set.Add(entry);
        }
        else
        {
            Context.Entry(orgEntry).CurrentValues.SetValues(entry);
            return orgEntry;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// check if each entry of the new list was in the orginal list, if found, update it, if not found add it
    /// all entries found in the orignal list that are not in the new list are removed
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of entry</typeparam>
    /// <param name="set">The database set</param>
    /// <param name="newList">The new list</param>
    /// <param name="orgList">The original list</param>
    public void AddOrUpdateCollection<T>(DbSet<T> set, ICollection<T> newList, ICollection<T> orgList) where T : class, IBase
    {
        // attach or update all entries in the new list
        foreach (T entry in newList)
        {
            // Find out if we had the entry already in the list
            var orgEntry = orgList.SingleOrDefault(e => e.Id != 0 && e.Id == entry.Id);

            AddOrUpdateEntry(set, entry, orgEntry);
        }

        // Remove all entries from the original list that are no longer in the new list
        foreach (T orgEntry in orgList.Where(e => e.Id != 0).ToList())
        {
            if (!newList.Any(e => e.Id == orgEntry.Id))
            {
                set.Remove(orgEntry);
            }
        }
    }

使用它的方法如下：

var originalParent = _dbContext.ParentItems
    .Where(p => p.Id == parent.Id)
    .Include(p => p.ChildItems)
    .Include(p => p.ChildItems2)
    .SingleOrDefault();

// Add the parent (including collections) to the context or update it's values (except the collections)
originalParent = AddOrUpdateEntry(_dbContext.ParentItems, parent, originalParent);

// Update each collection
AddOrUpdateCollection(_dbContext.ChildItems, parent.ChildItems, orgiginalParent.ChildItems);
AddOrUpdateCollection(_dbContext.ChildItems2, parent.ChildItems2, orgiginalParent.ChildItems2);

希望这能有所帮助

---

额外提示：您也可以创建一个单独的 DbContextExtentions（或自己的上下文接口）类：

public static void DbContextExtentions {
    /// <summary>
    /// Check if orgEntry is set update it's values, otherwise add it
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="_dbContext">The context object</param>
    /// <param name="set">The collection</param>
    /// <param name="entry">The entry</param>
    /// <param name="orgEntry">The original entry found in the database (can be <code>null</code> is this is a new entry)</param>
    /// <returns>The added or updated entry</returns>
    public static T AddOrUpdateEntry<T>(this DbContext _dbContext, DbSet<T> set, T entry, T orgEntry) where T : class, IBase
    {
        if (entry.IsNew || orgEntry == null) // New or not found in context
        {
            entry.Id = 0;
            return set.Add(entry);
        }
        else
        {
            _dbContext.Entry(orgEntry).CurrentValues.SetValues(entry);
            return orgEntry;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// check if each entry of the new list was in the orginal list, if found, update it, if not found add it
    /// all entries found in the orignal list that are not in the new list are removed
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">The type of entry</typeparam>
    /// <param name="_dbContext">The context object</param>
    /// <param name="set">The database set</param>
    /// <param name="newList">The new list</param>
    /// <param name="orgList">The original list</param>
    public static void AddOrUpdateCollection<T>(this DbContext _dbContext, DbSet<T> set, ICollection<T> newList, ICollection<T> orgList) where T : class, IBase
    {
        // attach or update all entries in the new list
        foreach (T entry in newList)
        {
            // Find out if we had the entry already in the list
            var orgEntry = orgList.SingleOrDefault(e => e.Id != 0 && e.Id == entry.Id);

            AddOrUpdateEntry(_dbContext, set, entry, orgEntry);
        }

        // Remove all entries from the original list that are no longer in the new list
        foreach (T orgEntry in orgList.Where(e => e.Id != 0).ToList())
        {
            if (!newList.Any(e => e.Id == orgEntry.Id))
            {
                set.Remove(orgEntry);
            }
        }
    }
}

并像这样使用它：

var originalParent = _dbContext.ParentItems
    .Where(p => p.Id == parent.Id)
    .Include(p => p.ChildItems)
    .Include(p => p.ChildItems2)
    .SingleOrDefault();

// Add the parent (including collections) to the context or update it's values (except the collections)
originalParent = _dbContext.AddOrUpdateEntry(_dbContext.ParentItems, parent, originalParent);

// Update each collection
_dbContext.AddOrUpdateCollection(_dbContext.ChildItems, parent.ChildItems, orgiginalParent.ChildItems);
_dbContext.AddOrUpdateCollection(_dbContext.ChildItems2, parent.ChildItems2, orgiginalParent.ChildItems2);