如何使用x264 C API将RGB图像编码为H264帧?我已经创建了一系列RGB图像,现在该如何将其转换成一系列H264帧呢?特别是,我如何将这个RGB图像序列编码成由单个初始H264关键帧后跟依赖H264帧组成的H264帧序列?
x264_param_t param;
x264_param_default_preset(¶m, "veryfast", "zerolatency");
param.i_threads = 1;
param.i_width = width;
param.i_height = height;
param.i_fps_num = fps;
param.i_fps_den = 1;
// Intra refres:
param.i_keyint_max = fps;
param.b_intra_refresh = 1;
//Rate control:
param.rc.i_rc_method = X264_RC_CRF;
param.rc.f_rf_constant = 25;
param.rc.f_rf_constant_max = 35;
//For streaming:
param.b_repeat_headers = 1;
param.b_annexb = 1;
x264_param_apply_profile(¶m, "baseline");
接下来,您可以按以下方式初始化编码器:
x264_t* encoder = x264_encoder_open(¶m);
x264_picture_t pic_in, pic_out;
x264_picture_alloc(&pic_in, X264_CSP_I420, w, h)
X264希望得到YUV420P数据(我猜其他一些格式也可以,但这是最常见的)。您可以使用libswscale(来自ffmpeg)将图像转换为正确的格式。初始化步骤如下(我假设RGB数据每像素24bpp)。
struct SwsContext* convertCtx = sws_getContext(in_w, in_h, PIX_FMT_RGB24, out_w, out_h, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_FAST_BILINEAR, NULL, NULL, NULL);
编码很简单,只需对每个帧执行以下操作:
//data is a pointer to you RGB structure
int srcstride = w*3; //RGB stride is just 3*width
sws_scale(convertCtx, &data, &srcstride, 0, h, pic_in.img.plane, pic_in.img.stride);
x264_nal_t* nals;
int i_nals;
int frame_size = x264_encoder_encode(encoder, &nals, &i_nals, &pic_in, &pic_out);
if (frame_size >= 0)
{
// OK
}
我希望这能帮助到你,我自己花了很长时间才开始入门。X264是一个非常强大但有时也很复杂的软件。
编辑:当你使用其他参数时,会出现延迟帧的情况,但我使用的参数并不会(主要是由于nolatency选项)。如果出现延迟帧的情况,帧大小有时会为零,你需要不断调用x264_encoder_encode
函数,直到x264_encoder_delayed_frames
函数返回0。但要了解这个功能,你需要深入研究x264.c和x264.h文件。
FFmpeg 2.8.6 C可运行示例
使用FFmpeg作为x264的封装器是一个好主意,因为它为多个编码器公开了统一的API。因此,如果您需要更改格式,您只需更改一个参数而不是学习新的API。
该示例通过generate_rgb
生成一些彩色帧并对其进行编码。
控制帧类型(I、P、B)以尽可能少地使用关键帧(理想情况下仅第一个关键帧)在这里讨论: https://dev59.com/EHE95IYBdhLWcg3wf98F#36412909 如上所述,我不建议大多数应用程序使用此方法。
控制帧类型的关键代码如下:
/* Minimal distance of I-frames. This is the maximum value allowed,
or else we get a warning at runtime. */
c->keyint_min = 600;
并且:
if (frame->pts == 1) {
frame->key_frame = 1;
frame->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I;
} else {
frame->key_frame = 0;
frame->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_P;
}
ffprobe -select_streams v \
-show_frames \
-show_entries frame=pict_type \
-of csv \
tmp.h264
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>
#include <libavutil/opt.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
static AVCodecContext *c = NULL;
static AVFrame *frame;
static AVPacket pkt;
static FILE *file;
struct SwsContext *sws_context = NULL;
static void ffmpeg_encoder_set_frame_yuv_from_rgb(uint8_t *rgb) {
const int in_linesize[1] = { 3 * c->width };
sws_context = sws_getCachedContext(sws_context,
c->width, c->height, AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24,
c->width, c->height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
0, 0, 0, 0);
sws_scale(sws_context, (const uint8_t * const *)&rgb, in_linesize, 0,
c->height, frame->data, frame->linesize);
}
uint8_t* generate_rgb(int width, int height, int pts, uint8_t *rgb) {
int x, y, cur;
rgb = realloc(rgb, 3 * sizeof(uint8_t) * height * width);
for (y = 0; y < height; y++) {
for (x = 0; x < width; x++) {
cur = 3 * (y * width + x);
rgb[cur + 0] = 0;
rgb[cur + 1] = 0;
rgb[cur + 2] = 0;
if ((frame->pts / 25) % 2 == 0) {
if (y < height / 2) {
if (x < width / 2) {
/* Black. */
} else {
rgb[cur + 0] = 255;
}
} else {
if (x < width / 2) {
rgb[cur + 1] = 255;
} else {
rgb[cur + 2] = 255;
}
}
} else {
if (y < height / 2) {
rgb[cur + 0] = 255;
if (x < width / 2) {
rgb[cur + 1] = 255;
} else {
rgb[cur + 2] = 255;
}
} else {
if (x < width / 2) {
rgb[cur + 1] = 255;
rgb[cur + 2] = 255;
} else {
rgb[cur + 0] = 255;
rgb[cur + 1] = 255;
rgb[cur + 2] = 255;
}
}
}
}
}
return rgb;
}
/* Allocate resources and write header data to the output file. */
void ffmpeg_encoder_start(const char *filename, int codec_id, int fps, int width, int height) {
AVCodec *codec;
int ret;
codec = avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id);
if (!codec) {
fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n");
exit(1);
}
c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
if (!c) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");
exit(1);
}
c->bit_rate = 400000;
c->width = width;
c->height = height;
c->time_base.num = 1;
c->time_base.den = fps;
c->keyint_min = 600;
c->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
if (codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264)
av_opt_set(c->priv_data, "preset", "slow", 0);
if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec\n");
exit(1);
}
file = fopen(filename, "wb");
if (!file) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", filename);
exit(1);
}
frame = av_frame_alloc();
if (!frame) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
exit(1);
}
frame->format = c->pix_fmt;
frame->width = c->width;
frame->height = c->height;
ret = av_image_alloc(frame->data, frame->linesize, c->width, c->height, c->pix_fmt, 32);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate raw picture buffer\n");
exit(1);
}
}
/*
Write trailing data to the output file
and free resources allocated by ffmpeg_encoder_start.
*/
void ffmpeg_encoder_finish(void) {
uint8_t endcode[] = { 0, 0, 1, 0xb7 };
int got_output, ret;
do {
fflush(stdout);
ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, NULL, &got_output);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding frame\n");
exit(1);
}
if (got_output) {
fwrite(pkt.data, 1, pkt.size, file);
av_packet_unref(&pkt);
}
} while (got_output);
fwrite(endcode, 1, sizeof(endcode), file);
fclose(file);
avcodec_close(c);
av_free(c);
av_freep(&frame->data[0]);
av_frame_free(&frame);
}
/*
Encode one frame from an RGB24 input and save it to the output file.
Must be called after ffmpeg_encoder_start, and ffmpeg_encoder_finish
must be called after the last call to this function.
*/
void ffmpeg_encoder_encode_frame(uint8_t *rgb) {
int ret, got_output;
ffmpeg_encoder_set_frame_yuv_from_rgb(rgb);
av_init_packet(&pkt);
pkt.data = NULL;
pkt.size = 0;
if (frame->pts == 1) {
frame->key_frame = 1;
frame->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I;
} else {
frame->key_frame = 0;
frame->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_P;
}
ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, frame, &got_output);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding frame\n");
exit(1);
}
if (got_output) {
fwrite(pkt.data, 1, pkt.size, file);
av_packet_unref(&pkt);
}
}
/* Represents the main loop of an application which generates one frame per loop. */
static void encode_example(const char *filename, int codec_id) {
int pts;
int width = 320;
int height = 240;
uint8_t *rgb = NULL;
ffmpeg_encoder_start(filename, codec_id, 25, width, height);
for (pts = 0; pts < 100; pts++) {
frame->pts = pts;
rgb = generate_rgb(width, height, pts, rgb);
ffmpeg_encoder_encode_frame(rgb);
}
ffmpeg_encoder_finish();
}
int main(void) {
avcodec_register_all();
encode_example("tmp.h264", AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
encode_example("tmp.mpg", AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO);
return 0;
}
使用以下步骤编译和运行:
gcc -o main.out -std=c99 -Wextra main.c -lavcodec -lswscale -lavutil
./main.out
ffplay tmp.mpg
ffplay tmp.h264
在Ubuntu 16.04上进行测试。 GitHub源代码.
我上传了一个生成原始yuv帧并使用x264编码的示例。完整代码可以在这里找到:https://gist.github.com/roxlu/6453908
x264_encoder_encode
对data
,也就是 RGB 结构体并没有做任何处理,它实际上要编码的是什么? - user4016367pic_in.img.stride
seems to be renamed topic_in.img.i_stride
. In addition, the resulting frame-data can be found innals->p_payload
- Morris Frankensws_getContext
或sws_scale
,因为我们的输入像素/字节/数据已经处于示例颜色格式中,那么我们应该怎样将data
转换到pic_in
中呢? - Meme Machine